🔆 Exercise Pacific Reach 2025 (XPR-25)

📍 About the Exercise
✅ Type: Biennial multinational submarine rescue exercise.
✅ Host Nation: Singapore.
✅ Participants: Over 40 countries, including India.

#cse #prelims

@CSE_EXAM

📍 RRBs Current Status & Performance (as of March)
✅ Number of RRBs: 43, sponsored by 12 Scheduled Commercial Banks.
✅ Sponsorship: All PSBs except Punjab & Sind Bank sponsor at least one; J&K Bank is the only private sponsor.
✅ PSL Leadership: 89% of total lending directed toward priority sectors.
✅ Role in Financial Inclusion:
• PMJDY accounts: 18.5% share
• PMSBY enrolments: 13.3% share
• PM-Kisan beneficiaries: 16.9% share

#mains #cse

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🔆 Philippines – Earthquake & Key Facts

📍 Recent Event
✅ A 6.9 magnitude earthquake struck the Philippines, located in the seismically active Pacific “Ring of Fire.”

📍 Political Features
✅ Capital: Manila
✅ Region: Island nation in Southeast Asia, western Pacific Ocean
✅ Surrounding Seas:
• Philippine Sea (East)
• Celebes Sea (South)
• Sulu Sea (Southwest)
• South China Sea (West & North)

📍 Geographical Features
✅ Highest Point: Mount Apo
✅ Major Rivers: Cagayan (Río Grande de Cagayán), Mindanao, Agusan
✅ Climate: Tropical & Monsoonal — hot, humid, and typhoon-prone.

#Geography

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🔆 The Chandella Dynasty (10th–13th Century CE)

📍 Territory & Capitals
✅ Ruled over Bundelkhand (Jejakabhukti)
✅ Capitals: Khajuraho, Kalanjara, and Mahoba

📍 Prominent Rulers
✅ Nannuka (831–845 CE): Founder; ruled as a Pratihara feudatory.
✅ Dhanga (950–999 CE): Established Chandella sovereignty; ruled over Chedi, Kalinjar, and Gwalior.
✅ Vidyadhar (1003–1035 CE): Repelled Ghaznavid invasions and expanded Chandella power to its peak.

📍 Decline
✅ Ghaznavid raids (1020s) weakened the empire.
✅ Kalachuris occupied Chandella territories for nearly four decades.
✅ Parmardi (1165–1203 CE): Lost territory to Prithviraj Chauhan and later faced invasion by Qutb-ud-din Aibak.
✅ Dynasty survived another century but with reduced influence.

📍 Cultural Contributions
✅ Built the world-famous Khajuraho Temples, including the Kandariya Mahadev Temple — a pinnacle of Nagara-style architecture and sculpture.

#history

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🔆 23 October 2025 – Current Affairs Round-Up

📍 RBI JUNCTION
✅ RBI “State of the Economy” Report says India remains resilient but not immune to global headwinds — prepared under Deputy Governor Poonam Gupta.
✅ RBI sold $1.7B in August 2025 to arrest rupee’s fall — ₹88.89 per USD on Sept 23; YTD depreciation ~4.6%.

📍 BANKING & FINANCIAL
✅ UPI transactions surge to ₹94,000 cr daily in October, up 13% from ₹82,991 cr in Sept — highest-ever single-day record on Diwali Eve.
✅ Transaction Volume: 754M; Value: ₹1.02 lakh cr; Avg daily transactions: 695M (↑ from 654M in Sept).

📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ Tuvalu joins IUCN as the 90th Member State.

📍 NATIONAL
✅ India ranks 9th globally in forest area, retaining 3rd spot in annual forest gain – FAO Global Forest Report.
✅ SOAR (Skilling for AI Readiness) – India’s new push for AI-driven education & upskilling, launched by MSDE (Jul 2025); ₹7,500 cr allocated in Union Budget 2025–26.
✅ PSA Office releases AI Paybooks for Agriculture, SMEs & White Papers to boost responsible AI adoption — by Ajay Kumar Sood, PSA to Govt of India.
✅ India’s renewable energy capacity rises fivefold to 197 GW since 2014; target 500 GW non-fossil by 2030.
✅ UDAN Scheme completes 9 years, facilitating 1.56 cr passengers across India since 2016; VGF ₹4,300 cr.
✅ S&P Report: India’s policy reforms & funding drive rapid green energy transition in South Asia; added 35 GW renewable capacity in 2025 (Jan–Sept).
✅ India upgrades Kabul mission to full embassy status, strengthening diplomatic presence in Afghanistan.
✅ India & UK launch Ramanujan Fellowship for young scientists to foster research links.
✅ India surpasses $20B in AI investments, cementing global leadership in digital innovation.

📍 DEFENCE
✅ INS Solhyaradi joins India–Japan Maritime Exercise (JIMEX 25) near Kyushu, Japan.
✅ Indian Navy Commanders’ Conference 2025 begins in New Delhi to review maritime preparedness.

📍 MoUs
✅ Indian Army signs MoU with Delhi Technological University for defence R&D collaboration.
✅ Naval Group & Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders extend MoU to enhance submarine export cooperation.
✅ IUCN & IRENA sign MoU to promote renewable energy & biodiversity protection.
✅ IIT-BHU inks MoU with 39 Gorkha Training Centre to strengthen defence innovation.

📍 STATES
✅ Gujaratis worldwide celebrate Bestu Varash 2025 (Gujarati New Year).
✅ Goa CM Pramod Sawant unveils logo & anthem for FIDE Chess World Cup 2025 — India hosts event after 23 years.
✅ Goa Govt introduces Chess in school & college curricula to nurture young players.
✅ New Odonate species discovered in Silent Valley National Park, Kerala.

📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Shantha Rangaswamy elected first woman President of the Indian Cricketers’ Association (ICA).

📍 AWARDS
✅ Neeraj Chopra conferred Honorary Rank of Lieutenant Colonel in the Indian Army.

#CurrentAffairs

Hindi
https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY/15044