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πŸ”† Rogue Planet

βœ… Definition: A planetary body ejected from its original system, drifting freely in interstellar space without orbiting a star.
βœ… Origin: Usually expelled during the early chaotic stages of planetary system formation or later due to orbital instabilities.
βœ… Orbit: No parent star β€” moves independently through space.
βœ… Significance: Offers insights into planet formation, system dynamics, and interstellar matter interactions.

#Science_and_Technology #cse
πŸ”† Social Reform Movements in Modern India

πŸ“ Arya Samaj (1875, Swami Dayanand Saraswati)
βœ… Motto: Go back to the Vedas
βœ… Fought caste, untouchability, child marriage
βœ… Supported widow remarriage, intercaste marriage
βœ… Books: Satyarth Prakash, Veda Bhashya
βœ… Movements: Shuddhi Movement
βœ… Institutions: DAV School (1886), Gurukul Kangri (1902)

πŸ“ Ramakrishna Mission (1897, Swami Vivekananda)
βœ… Based on teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahansa
βœ… Service of humanity = service of God
βœ… Women’s emancipation, equality, nationalism
βœ… Journals: Prabuddha Bharat (Eng), Udbodhana (Beng)

πŸ“ Prarthana Samaj (1867, Atmaram Pandurang & M.G. Ranade)
βœ… Reform of social & religious customs
βœ… Supported widow remarriage, women’s education

πŸ“ Young Bengal Movement (1820s–30s, Henry Derozio)
βœ… Spread radical ideas of liberty, equality, freedom
βœ… Advocated women’s education, rationalism

πŸ“ Theosophical Society (1875, HP Blavatsky & Olcott; Annie Besant in India)
βœ… Promoted ancient Indian philosophy, revival of Hinduism & Buddhism
βœ… Founded Central Hindu College (later BHU, 1916)

πŸ“ Servants of India Society (1905, Gopal Krishna Gokhale)
βœ… Aimed at training Indians for social service and nation-building

πŸ“ Other Important Initiatives
β€’ Paramahansa Mandali (1849) – anti-caste, widow remarriage
β€’ Indian Reform Association (1870, Keshab Chandra Sen)
β€’ Seva Sadan (1885, B.M. Malabari) – women’s upliftment
β€’ Bharat Stri Mandal (1910s, Saralabala Devi) – 1st all-India women’s org
β€’ Khudai Khidmatgar (1929, Abdul Gaffar Khan) – NWFP non-violent movement

#history
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πŸ”† Barbados (Capital: Bridgetown)

βœ… Location: Island nation in the southeastern Caribbean Sea, northeast of Venezuela, near the Lesser Antilles.
βœ… Membership: Part of CARICOM & Commonwealth of Nations.
βœ… Highest Point: Mount Hillaby
βœ… Geography: Formed from coral & sedimentary deposits, surrounded by reefs, with no major rivers or lakes.
βœ… Context: Lok Sabha Speaker led Indian Parliamentary Delegation during 68th Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference.

#Geography #cse
#Goodmorning

⏳30 days left IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳221 days  left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳310 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]

⏳25 days left Mpsc 9 Nov
⏳53 days left PPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳47 days left JKPSC prelims/CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳116 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
⏳277 days left CAPF AC 19 July

#Target
#TargetOnlyone
#Accountability
πŸ”† Children in India – 2025 Highlights

πŸ“ Nutrition:
βœ… Stunting (under-5): 29.6% ↓ from 35.5% (NFHS-5).
βœ… Wasting: 17%, still above WHO target (<15%).
βœ… Anaemia: 55% among adolescent girls.

πŸ“ Health Services:
βœ… Full immunisation: 88% (Mission Indradhanush 5.0).
βœ… Infant Mortality Rate: 24 / 1,000 live births.

πŸ“ Education:
βœ… Upper primary enrolment: 92%.
βœ… Secondary dropout: 14%, higher among rural girls.
βœ… Digital divide: Only 47% rural households have internet access.

πŸ“ Child Protection:
βœ… POCSO cases ↑ 12% (better reporting).
βœ… Child labour ↓ to 3.7% (ages 5–14).

#GS2 #cse
❀8
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πŸ”† Soil Types & Profile (Sandy – Clayey – Loamy)

πŸ“ Soil Classification (by particle size)
βœ… Sandy Soil: Large particles β†’ well-aerated, drains quickly, poor water retention.
βœ… Clayey Soil: Very fine particles β†’ holds water, less air, heavy & compact.
βœ… Loamy Soil: Balanced mix of sand + clay + silt + humus β†’ best for plant growth.

πŸ“ Crop Suitability
βœ… Clayey & Loamy: Wheat, Gram (good water retention).
βœ… Clayey + Organic: Paddy (needs water-holding capacity).
βœ… Loamy (well-drained): Pulses (Masoor).
βœ… Sandy Loam / Loam: Cotton (needs air & drainage).

πŸ“ Soil Profile (Vertical Layers)
βœ… O-Horizon: Organic layer – decomposed leaves, twigs, moss.
βœ… A-Horizon (Topsoil): Rich in humus & minerals, soft, porous; supports plants.
βœ… E-Horizon: Eluviated (leached) of clay, iron, aluminum β€” lighter color.
βœ… B-Horizon (Subsoil): Accumulation of leached minerals β€” illuviation zone.
βœ… C-Horizon: Weathered parent material, partly broken rocks.
βœ… R-Horizon: Bedrock, hard and unweathered base layer.

πŸ“ Key Concepts
βœ… Eluviation: Leaching out of materials (from A & E horizons).
βœ… Illuviation: Accumulation of leached materials (in B horizon).

#Geography
https://www.tg-me.com/Mapping_prelims_mains
πŸ”† 15 October 2025 – Current Affairs Round-Up

πŸ“ RBI
βœ… RBI launches Digital Payments Intelligence Platform (DPIP) β€” AI tool to detect and prevent online payment frauds in real time through data from banks, telecoms & cyber agencies.

πŸ“ BANKING & FINANCE
βœ… NPS & Atal Pension Yojana cross β‚Ή16 lakh crore AUM; new Multiple Scheme Framework expands pension options.
βœ… India’s WPI inflation steady at 0.13 % (Sept) β€” food inflation turns negative (-1.99%).
βœ… DBS Bank named Safest Bank in Asia for the 17th year, 2nd globally among world’s safest commercial banks.

πŸ“ INTERNATIONAL
βœ… Maldives becomes first country to achieve triple elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis & hepatitis B – validated by WHO.
βœ… India to attend 19th NAM Ministerial Meet in Kampala, Uganda (Oct 15–16); theme – β€œDeepening Cooperation for Shared Global Affluence.”
βœ… UNESCO launches Virtual Museum of Stolen Cultural Objects at MONDIACULT 2025, Barcelona β€” to trace looted artefacts digitally.

πŸ“ NATIONAL
βœ… WTI Report honours India’s forest protectors β€” documents 540 ranger deaths/injuries; launched in Abu Dhabi.
βœ… Alliance Air introduces β€œFare Se Fursat” β€” fixed-rate fare initiative to curb airfare fluctuations.
βœ… NITI Aayog releases Blue Economy Report for sustainable deep-sea fisheries strategy.
βœ… Govt opens PM GatiShakti Portal to private sector; adds data-driven dashboards & offshore planning tools.
βœ… Labour Ministry launches Vishwas Scheme to reduce EPF litigations via rationalised penalties.
βœ… Piyush Goyal unveils LEAPS 2025 β€” national benchmark framework for logistics excellence.
βœ… Cabinet approves β‚Ή2,000 cr Maitri II Antarctic Station – India’s 4th research base.
βœ… Gurugram installs India’s first QR-based challan payment kiosk for instant traffic fine payments.

πŸ“ DEFENCE
βœ… Indian Navy inaugurates Trinetra Weapon Testing Facility near Visakhapatnam to test missiles & rockets indigenously.
βœ… INS Abhay & INFAC T-82 decommissioned after 30+ years of service.
βœ… Paras Defence partners Cielo (Israel) for indigenous inertial sensors.

πŸ“ MoUs & INITIATIVES
βœ… Labour Ministry partners Zomato under NCS to boost gig employment; joins MoUs with Amazon, Swiggy, Rapido, Zepto & others.

πŸ“ STATES
βœ… Assam launches CM-FLIGHT – foreign language training for youth to boost global job readiness.
βœ… Five Maharashtra beaches (Shrivardhan, Nagaon, Parnaka, Guhagar, Ladghar) earn Blue Flag certification.
βœ… Google to invest $15 bn for AI hub & data centre in Visakhapatnam.
βœ… Delhi Govt declares 41 sq km of Southern Ridge as reserved forest to combat pollution.
βœ… Assam CM launches Shraddhanjali Scheme to support families bringing home mortal remains from outside the state.

πŸ“ IMPORTANT DAYS
βœ… CPR Awareness Week observed (Oct 13–17) by Health Ministry.
βœ… World Arthritis Day – Oct 12.
βœ… World Standards Day – Oct 14 | Theme: β€œA Shared Vision for a Better World.”

πŸ“ APPOINTMENTS & OBITUARIES
βœ… Dan Katz appointed First Deputy Managing Direct,IMF.

πŸ“ AWARDS & BOOKS
βœ… Israel to honour Donald Trump with its highest civilian award for mediation in Gaza conflict.
βœ… Book: β€œMahatma Gandhi and the Environment” by T.N. Khoshoo.

πŸ“ SPORTS
βœ… Asian Aquatics Championships held in Ahmedabad; India wins 13 medals.

Hindi click here

#CurrentAffairs

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#Goodmorning

⏳29 days left IfoS mains 16 Nov
⏳220 days  left CSP26 [ 24-05-26]
⏳309 days left CSM26 [ 21-08-26]

⏳24 days left Mpsc 9 Nov
⏳52 days left PPSC prelims 7 dec
⏳46 days left JKPSC prelims/CAT/EPFO 30 Nov
⏳115 days left Cgpsc prelims 8 Feb
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#Accountability
❀1
πŸ”† INS Androth Commissioned

βœ… Location: Naval Dockyard, Visakhapatnam
βœ… Type: 2nd Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW-SWC) after INS Arnala
βœ… Builder: GRSE, Kolkata (part of 8-vessel ASW-SWC series)
βœ… Named After: Androth Island, northernmost in Lakshadweep

#Defence #cse
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πŸ”† Current State of Informal Workers in India

βœ… Employment Share: About 90% of India’s labour force is informally employed.
βœ… Productivity: Low β€” around $5/hour, nearly half the national average.
βœ… Social Security: Only 48% of informal workers have social security coverage.

#Economy #cse
❀7
πŸ”† Moscow Format

βœ… Established: 2017
βœ… Objective: Promote peace, stability, and national reconciliation in Afghanistan.
βœ… Members: India, Afghanistan, China, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan.
βœ… Update: At the 7th Moscow Format Meeting, Taliban officials participated formally for the first time.

#IR #cse
❀1
Forwarded from UPSC EPFO Anmol vachan
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