Prelims Accelerator Program by Anmol Vachan

Build accuracy, consistency, and confidence for UPSC Prelims 2025 with a structured and disciplined approach.

What’s Included:

• 20 high-quality MCQs daily with detailed explanations

• Based on PYQ analysis and emerging exam trends

• Covers questions from UPSC (CSE, CDS, CAPF, NDA) and State PSCs

• Static + Current Affairs integration

• Access to all previous questions (from 20 Sept onwards)

Weekly Schedule:

Mon–Polity & IR | Tue–Economy |
Wed–Geography & Environment | Thu–History | Fri–Science & Tech, Security, Social Issues | Sat–CSAT

Bonus: Weekly Live Bot Quiz (40 Questions) from 15th December.

Fee: ₹899 till Prelims 2025

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🔆 Comparison of Saguna & Nirguna Bhakti Traditions

📍 Meaning
✅ Saguna Bhakti: Worship of a personal God with form — divine embodied in idols like Rama, Krishna, Shiva, Devi.
✅ Nirguna Bhakti: Worship of a formless, abstract, supreme consciousness — God beyond shape or attributes.

📍 Concept of God
✅ Saguna: God possesses attributes (compassion, love, strength) and manifests physically.
✅ Nirguna: God is Brahman — eternal, infinite, without qualities or limitations.

📍 Expression
✅ Saguna: Expressed through bhajans, kirtans, and hymns glorifying deities.
✅ Nirguna: Emphasizes philosophical poetry focused on unity, introspection, and spiritual realization.

📍 Prominent Saints
✅ Saguna Tradition:
• Tulsidas (Rama devotion – Ramcharitmanas)
• Mirabai (Krishna devotion)
• Surdas (Sursagar)
• Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (Vaishnavism)
• Ramanuja (Vishishtadvaita philosophy)
• Sant Eknath, Tyagaraja (Carnatic Bhakti)

✅ Nirguna Tradition:
• Kabir (Unity of Nirguna Brahman)
• Guru Nanak (Sikhism – Oneness of God)
• Dadu Dayal, Namdev, Ravidas, Bulleh Shah (Sufi–Sant traditions)

📍 Major Literary Works
✅ Saguna Bhakti: Ramcharitmanas, Sursagar, Bhakti Songs of Mirabai, Hymns of Alvar & Nayanar
✅ Nirguna Bhakti: Bijak (Kabir), Guru Granth Sahib, Dohas of Kabir & Rahim, Abhangas of Namdev & Tukaram

📍 Core Essence
✅ Saguna Bhakti: Focuses on personal devotion, emotional surrender, and love for a chosen deity.
✅ Nirguna Bhakti: Focuses on inner realization, universal equality, and breaking barriers of caste and ritual.

#history

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🔆 25 October 2025 – Current Affairs Round-Up

📍 RBI JUNCTION
✅ RBI Payment System Report (June 2025) — UPI leads in volume, RTGS in value; debit card use declines as India shifts toward a cashless economy.
✅ Digital payments formed 99.7% of total volume & 97.5% of total value in 2024.
✅ Platform Share: UPI – 85% volume, 9% value; RTGS – 69% value, 0.1% volume.
✅ RBI Draft Circular (Oct 2025) — introduces Unique Transaction Identifier (UTI) for all OTC derivative trades from April 1, 2026, improving global risk tracking.
✅ HaRBInger 2025 — RBI’s 4th Global Hackathon on theme “SecureBanking: Powered by Identity, Integrity & Inclusivity.”

📍 BANKING & FINANCIAL
✅ UPI introduces “Pay With Mutual Fund” — a global-first feature allowing instant UPI payments directly from liquid MF units.
✅ NPCI launches AI-powered “UPI Help” assistant for real-time complaint resolution, integrated with UDIR Framework.

📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2025 — 309M poor face triple climate hazards; 64.5% of world’s poor live in middle-income nations.
✅ China issues Yellow Alert for Typhoon Fengshen — heavy rains expected across Hainan, Taiwan & Vietnam.

📍 NATIONAL
✅ Panchayati Raj Ministry releases 2-min film “Sabki Yojana, Sabka Vikas” promoting citizen participation in local planning (till 6 Nov).
✅ PM-ABHIM strengthens India’s pandemic health infrastructure with ₹64,180 cr outlay (2021–26).
✅ ESTIC 2025 to be held at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi (3–5 Nov) — focus on AI for inclusive growth.
✅ State of Global Air (SoGA) Report 2025: 2 million deaths in India 2023) linked to air pollution; 95% NCD-related.

📍 DEFENCE
✅ DAC approves ₹79,000 cr procurements — includes NAMIS Mk-II, Landing Platform Docks, Light Torpedoes, & ELINT Systems for tri-services.
✅ Indian Army signs ₹2,700 cr deal for 4.25 lakh indigenous carbines — Bharat Forge & AdPLR Systems as suppliers.
✅ Cochin Shipyard delivers first Anti-Submarine Warfare Craft “Mahe” to Indian Navy.

📍 MoUs & INITIATIVES
✅ IIM Calcutta & Satyajit Ray Film Institute sign first-ever academia–media collaboration for research & professional synergy.
✅ BEML (India) & Tesmec (Italy) partner to introduce surface miner equipment for eco-friendly mining.

📍 STATES
✅ Kerala launches “Sushakthi” Self-Help Groups for persons with disabilities — 40% members from PwD category.
✅ Sikkim celebrates ‘Kukur Tihar’, honouring dogs for loyalty.
✅ Telangana CM Revanth Reddy presents Rajiv Gandhi Sadbhavana Award to Salman Khurshid.

📍 OBITUARIES
✅ Daniel Naroditsky (US Chess Grandmaster) passes away at 29.

#CurrentAffairs

https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ International Snow Leopard Day – 23 Oct | Theme: “Protecting the Mountain Guardian.”
✅ World Polio Day – 24 Oct | Theme: “Together, We End Polio.”
✅ UN Day – 24 Oct.
✅ World Development Information Day – 24 Oct.
✅ ITBP Raising Day – 24 Oct | Motto: “Shaurya – Dridhata – Karm Nishtha.”
✅ National Cybersecurity Awareness Month – October 2025.

https://www.tg-me.com/CurrentAffairs_ONLY

🔆 3 Critical AI Challenges Faced by India

📍 1. Job Displacement Risk:
✅ Over 60% of formal jobs could be automated by 2030, posing a major employment threat.

📍 2. Skill Gaps:
✅ Most graduates lack training in advanced AI domains like RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) and research-based AI applications.

📍 3. Talent Shortage:
✅ India meets only ~50% of the demand for skilled AI professionals, creating a critical supply-demand gap.

#cse

22 Languages, Digitally Reimagined: Unlocking India’s Linguistic Future Through Technology

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🔆 Economic Committees / Commissions in British India

📍 Lord Lansdowne (1888–1894)
✅ Hershell Committee (1893) – Chairman: Hershell
→ Suggested reforms in currency system.

✅ Opium Commission (1893) –
→ Investigated the effects of opium trade on public health.

📍 Lord Elgin (1894–1899)
✅ Henry Fowler Commission (1898) – Chairman: H. Fowler
→ Gave recommendations on currency and financial administration.

📍 Lord Curzon (1899–1905)
✅ Irrigation Commission (1901) – Chairman: Sir Wolvin Scott Monkinj
→ Planned irrigation expenditure and infrastructure improvements.

📍 Lord Hardinge (1910–1916)
✅ Maclagan Committee (1914–15) – Chairman: Maclagan
→ Advised on cooperative finances and rural credit systems.

📍 Lord Irwin (1926–1931)
✅ Linthigow Commission (1928) – Report by: Linlithgow
→ Studied agricultural problems and rural economy.

✅ Whitelay Commission (1929) – Chairman: J.H. Whitelay
→ Examined labour conditions in industries and plantations.

📍 Lord Wellington (1931–1936)
✅ Indian Measurement Committee (1935) – Chairman: Lary Hamand
→ Recommended inclusion of labour representation in Federal Assembly.

#history

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🔆 26 October 2025 – Current Affairs Round-Up

📍 RBI JUNCTION
✅ RBI’s gold reserves reach 880.18 tonnes (USD 95 bn) as of Sept 2025 — highest ever amid global price surge; central banks added 166 tonnes globally.

📍 BANKING & FINANCIAL
✅ SBI wins World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025 & Best Bank in India at Global Finance Awards, New York.
✅ India’s net FDI falls 159% (Aug 2025) — 2nd negative instance in FY26 as outflows exceed inflows; signals investor caution.
✅ Deloitte India Report: GDP forecast 6.7–6.9% (FY26), up 0.3 pts due to strong domestic demand.

📍 INTERNATIONAL
✅ India re-elected Vice-Chair (Asia-Pacific) of COP10 Bureau under UNESCO Anti-Doping Convention (2025–27 term).
✅ PM Modi to attend 47th ASEAN Summit (26–28 Oct) virtually from Kuala Lumpur — theme: Inclusivity & Sustainability.
✅ Saudi Arabia officially abolishes Kafala system (June 2025), freeing millions of migrant workers.
✅ Iceland records mosquitoes for the first time*, signalling climate warming impact on sub-Arctic ecology.

📍 NATIONAL
✅ MeitY amends IT Rules 2025, mandating content removal only via Joint Secretary/DIG+ level orders for greater transparency.
✅ Consumer Affairs Ministry amends VOPPA Order 2025 — enforces mandatory edible oil registration & monthly reporting.
✅ NHAI deploys AI-based 3D laser survey vehicles for 20,933 km of highways — enabling real-time road health monitoring.
✅ CDSCO launches Online National Drug Licensing System (ONDLS) to track pharma solvent batches and prevent contamination.
✅ WCD Ministry wins award for PM-JANMAN implementation; 2,000+ Anganwadis operational in PVTG.

📍 DEFENCE
✅ Indian Army to raise 25 Bhairav light combat battalions in 6 months —
equipped with kamikaze drones & precision munitions.
✅ Army signs ₹2,770 cr contract for 4.25 lakh indigenous carbines from Bharat Forge (60%) & PLR Systems (40%).
✅ Sniper rifles upgraded to .338 calibre; 104 Javelin missiles & loitering munitions to enhance strike capabilities.

📍 STATES
✅ Manipur celebrates Ningol Chakouba Festival, honouring bond between married women & brothers.
✅ Chennai launches India’s first Real-Time Flood Forecasting System (RTFF-SDSS) across 4,974 sq km.
✅ Kerala to be declared India’s first extreme-poverty-free state on 1 Nov 2025.

📍 IMPORTANT DAYS
✅ World Iodine Deficiency Day – 21 Oct 2025.

📍 APPOINTMENTS
✅ Paul Kapur appointed US Asst. Secretary of State (South & Central Asia) under Trump administration.
✅ Justice Prathiba M. Singh becomes Chairperson, WIPO Advisory Board.

📍 OBITUARIES
✅ Eknath Vasant Chitnis (veteran space scientist) passes away at 100.

📍 AWARDS & BOOKS
✅ Sunil Amrith wins British Academy Book Prize 2025 for “The Burning Earth.”
✅ Rajnath Singh releases book “Civil–Military Fusion as a Metric of National Power” by Lt Gen Raj Shukla (Retd).

📍 SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
✅ NASA confirms asteroid 2025 PN7 as Earth’s temporary quasi-moon, likely to stay until 2083.

📍 SPORTS
✅ Rohit Sharma overtakes Sourav Ganguly to become India’s 3rd-highest ODI run-scorer.
✅ 4th South Asian Athletics Championship begins in Ranchi (24–26 Oct) – 300 athletes, 37 golds at stake.
✅ India wins 3 medals at World Para Powerlifting Championships (Cairo 2025).
✅ India clinches silver at Sultan of Johor Cup 2025 (Hockey) after 1–2 loss to Australia.

#CurrentAffairs

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🔆 Frontier Technologies Reshaping Modern Warfare

📍 Emerging Domains:
✅ AI-Based Warfare: AI tools now assist in target selection, collateral damage assessment, and real-time battlefield decisions — e.g. AI-powered drones for precision strikes.

✅ Electromagnetic Warfare: Uses electromagnetic energy to disrupt or protect communications and radar systems, enhancing both offensive and defensive operations.

✅ Space Warfare: Involves operations in outer space using kinetic (ASAT weapons) and non-kinetic (cyber/electronic) means to secure space dominance.

✅ Cyber Attacks: Exploitation of digital systems to steal critical data or disable infrastructure, e.g. Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant cyber breach.

📍 Key Concerns:
✅ Global Security Risks: Unequal tech access fuels asymmetric warfare and empowers non-state actors.
✅ Legal Voids: Absence of international laws governing use of frontier tech in warfare creates accountability gaps.
✅ Dual-Use Dilemma: Civilian tech (AI, drones, satellites) can be repurposed for military use.
✅ Ethical Issues: Algorithmic bias, unclear command responsibility, and AI arms race threats persist.

📍 India’s Strategic Initiatives:
✅ Defence AI Council (DAIC) & Defence AI Project Agency (DAIPA): Institutional framework for AI integration in defence.
✅ Project Seeker: AI-based facial recognition & surveillance for military security.
✅ Antariksha Abhyas 2024: India’s first space warfare exercise integrating military and space capabilities.
✅ DRDO Young Scientists’ Labs: Focused on AI, robotics, and next-gen warfare innovation.

💬 Mains Q:
How are frontier technologies such as AI, cyber, and space systems redefining the future of warfare? Discuss India’s preparedness in this context.

#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology

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🔆 10th WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic (2025)

📍 About the Report
✅ Released by World Health Organization (WHO) – tracks global progress in tobacco control since 2008.
✅ Based on implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC).
✅ WHO’s MPOWER (2008) initiative supports FCTC’s demand-reduction strategies — aimed at reducing tobacco use, production, and availability.

📍 MPOWER Framework (6 Key Measures)
✅ M – Monitor tobacco use & prevention policies
✅ P – Protect people from tobacco smoke
✅ O – Offer help to quit tobacco
✅ W – Warn about the dangers of tobacco
✅ E – Enforce bans on advertising, promotion & sponsorship
✅ R – Raise taxes on tobacco

📍 Key Findings
✅ Since 2007, 155 countries have implemented at least one MPOWER measure, benefitting 6.1 billion people.
✅ Health warnings on cigarette packs have seen the most progress globally.
✅ India has enforced strict bans on tobacco advertising & promotion (TAPS) across all media.
✅ Tobacco taxation remains the least adopted measure — cigarettes remain affordable in India.
✅ India is the first country to extend tobacco control rules to digital streaming content.

#prelims #GS3
#science_and_technology
#science_technology

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