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Bronze items, decorated in La Tène style, from an aristocratic burial at Wetwang Slack, in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England; 3rd century B.C. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿

The burial was that of an important noblewoman, who was buried along with her dismantled chariot. Items shown include a bridle-bit, terret-rings, and a container of unknown purpose attached to a small chain. The white studs on the terrets are modern replacements for the original parts, which were red coral pieces.

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Cantabrian country-folk, known locally as Pasiegos (Spanish: “Pas Valley Folk”), in traditional attire; Cantabria, Spain. 🇪🇸

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Glen Isla; Angus, Scotland. 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁳󠁣󠁴󠁿

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🇺🇸 Fun facts: One of the “founding fathers” of the United States of America, an Englishman named Thomas Paine (1737-1809), once claimed that freemasonry was a survival of the magical and ritual practices of the Celtic Druids. You can find this (absurd) claim in his book On the Origin of Freemasonry. Paine was a friend of the renown Welsh fraudster Iolo Morganwg, who influenced him significantly. A lot of modern lore surrounding the druids comes from Iolo’s fantasies and (now mostly debunked) forgeries. The truth is, we know very little about the druids and their practices —next to nothing— because the written sources about them are so sparse and laconic.

Now as to freemasonry, it’s own authentic documents refute Paine. The earliest evidence we have for the existence of freemasonry are documents dating to the 15th century (3-400 years before Paine and Iolo) and found in central England. They include the Regius Poem and the Matthew Cooke Manuscript. The lore found in these texts is echoed in modern ones such as the Anderson Constitutions. They state that freemasonry was brought to England in the 10th century by occultists from the east, during the reign of the Anglo-Saxon king Athelstan (AD 924-939). Making reference to Biblical events in Genesis 4 & 6, these documents state that masonry involves the use of arts and crafts that gave rise to civilisation. At first glance, these seem benign: The texts speak of God, describe geometry, astronomy, and other “crafts”. But if one reads between the lines, certain red flags stand out: Certain characters are extolled, such as Cain, his son Enoch, and descendants of theirs such as Tubal Cain and Naamah; that exposes the true nature of these “crafts” and their purveyors. How? Because anyone familiar with the Bible, even back then, would know that Cain and his progeny were diabolically wicked. It’s further understood now, thanks to apocryphal texts like the Book of Enoch, the Book of Jubilees, and older translations of the Old Testament that refer to certain demonic entities as “daughter’s of Naamah”, that it was Cain’s descendants who first practiced magic arts, invoking otherworldly beings, i.e. fallen angels, who imparted the “crafts”. Genesis 6 and Enoch state that they even bred hybrid monsters (Hebrew: Nephilim) with them. Attempts to write these accounts off, claiming that the Nephilim weren’t human-angel hybrids, aren’t supported by logic. They require throwing the baby out with the bathwater based on the Book of Enoch being apocryphal and non-canonical. Yet the Epistle of Jude references Enoch in a way that suggests that it was thought to contain truth mixed with error, with no disclaimer disavowing the overall narrative.

In summary: Their own documents tell us the masons’ origin: They came from the east and had no links with Britain prior to the 10th century, and thus, no lineage tracing to the druids either. By their own account, they are involved in dangerous, forbidden occult practices, so detestable that the Bible —and strangely also the myths of nearly every other ancient culture on earth— says that God felt compelled to destroy that first human civilization by means of a cataclysmic flood. After the 17th century, these warlocks linked up with others who’s tribe ✡️ had been invited back to Britain after nearly four centuries of absence, incorporating their occult arts of Practical Kabbalah and conspiring together for world domination. After a series of violent secular-liberal and communist revolutions, they now rule over us all, and cynically trick most people into voting for their puppets in sham “democratic elections”. Is it any surprise that the world is in the state that it’s in? And they’re planning on unleashing hell-on-earth soon; we’re starting to see it with mass migration, genocide in Gaza, pandemic lockdowns, AI global surveillance, etc. We will need to find our faith ✝️ again in order to get through everything that’s about to transpire. Anyone who ignores that warning, does so at their own peril.

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Cantabrian country-folk, known as Campurrianos (Spanish: “Campoo Region People”), in traditional attire; Cantabria, Spain. 🇪🇸

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Modern reconstruction of a Cantabrian settlement near Argüeso, in the Campoo-Los Valles region; Cantabria province, Spain. 🇪🇸

Nearby are the ruins of an Iron Age hill-fort and a medieval castle, Castillo de San Vicente, which belonged to the prominent De La Vega family before being inherited Jure uxoris by the Castilian baron Diego Hurtado de Mendoza. Diego’s son, Íñigo López de Mendoza y de la Vega (1398-1458) ruled the various “shires” (Spanish: Merindades, later Comarcas) that made up Cantabria as a private fief, including Campoo. He was so tyrannical to the people that they appealed to the king of Spain against him and his heirs. The Nine-Valleys Lawsuit, a series of litigations lasting from 1438 to 1581, succeeded in finally ousting the Mendoza family and securing the shires special rights and liberties as a new province ruled directly by the crown (Spanish: Realengo): The Province of the Nine Valleys. It was later renamed “Cantabria” in more modern times, in honor of the peoples’ Hispano-Celtic ancestors. The region had actually preserved that name up through the Visigothic period as a Duchy, but lost it at some point after the creation of the Kingdom of Asturias in AD 718, being divided into a series of Merindades belonging to the County of Castile.

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Gold stater coin of Vercingetorix, portraying him as an idealised Hellenistic hero; France, 1st century B.C. ⚜️🇫🇷

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Carved bone flakes decorated with La Tène patterns, discovered in a Neolithic passage grave at Loughcrew, in county Meath, Ireland; 2nd century B.C. 🇮🇪

The bone flakes are of uncertain purpose, possibly just used by a craftsman to practice engraving skills. It’s not certain why they would have ended up abandoned in an ancient (~4,000 B.C.) tomb. It’s also possible they were used for some sort of cleromancy and deposited as votive offerings.

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High cross at Athenny, county Tipperary; 8th century. 🇮🇪 The oldest known Celtic high crosses are the ones found in this region, what was once the Kingdom of Ossory (Irish: Osraige). The base of the cross has the only known visual representation of a chariot (preceded by two horsemen) in Irish art. There is apparently a dog standing on the yoke of the chariot.

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Stone altar depicting a tricephalic deity wearing a Hellenistic-style laurel-crown (Greek: stéphanos), discovered in Reims, France; 1st century B.C. ⚜️🇫🇷

The deity is presumed to be Lugus, whom Julius Caesar identified as the Roman god Mercury. Many people don’t realise that ancient pagan religion was a single belief system with local variations: The same entities were just given different names in different languages, while different myths or variations of an original would develop in different localities. This is why the Romans often identified foreign deities with their own (not always accurately, of course). For example, Tacitus likewise spoke of Germanic peoples having Mercury as their favourite god, which would suggest that Wodan/Odin and Lugus were to be understood as the same entity. Mercury (Hermes in Greece) was the god of commerce, wealth, travellers, and messengers, but also a trickster god associated with death, since he accompanied souls to the underworld (Greek: Hades). He may at one time have been the same entity as Charon (it was common for deities to get confused and multiply into several over time).

In the Celtic and Germanic world, this deity seems to have become merged with two others, or to have “stolen” their attributes, so to speak. Lugus/Wodan became also the god of war and a god of poetry and prophecy. The first role would be proper to Mars, while the latter were attributes of the sun god Apollo (Oddly, the solar and war deities continued to be worshipped, even if their importance had decreased in favor of the jack-of-all-trades). That may be the reason Lugus was portrayed as three-faced, and why the Irish version was called “Samildánach” (“skilled in many arts”). Germanic lore seems to have created myths to explain Odin’s replacement of his peers: The god of war Tyr had his hand bitten off by a monstrous wolf named Fenrir, while Baldur —probably originally the sun god— was vicariously killed by Loki. The latter seems to have been Wodan’s shadow twin, a projection of Mercury’s negative attributes (trickery, cowardice, wickedness) onto an alter-ego in an attempt to cleanse him of them. That the name “Loki” appears to be a Germanic rendering of the Celtic “Lugus” makes this identification a likely one. That Wodan wasn’t fully cleansed of his Mercurial identity is also evidenced by the fact that several myths accuse him of practicing seidr, i.e. witchcraft. The transformation of Wodan/Lugus and his rise to the top of the pantheon was probably a fairly recent development (i.e. last two or three centuries B.C.), reflecting a shift in the priorities of Gallic social elites, from things like warfare and farming to things like commerce and wealth. Caesar described that shift in book 6, chapter 24 of his Commentary on the Gallic Wars.

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Battle of Saltus Marcius; Italy, 186 B.C. 🇮🇹 Artist unknown.

The Roman legions of consul Quintus Marcius Philippus were ambushed and defeated by the Ligurian Apuani tribe; 4,000 Romans killed, three standards captured. The place where the battle ocurred is still called “Colle Marcio” (Italian: “Marcius Hill”); in Seravezza, Tuscany, Italy. In the following years, the Romans retaliated and overwhelmed the Apuani, deporting 47,000 of them and settling them among the Samnites of southern Italy.

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Ancient battlefield in Zile; Tokat province, Turkey. 🇹🇷 Nearby is a lone column commemorating the 47 B.C. Battle of Zela.

The Battle of Zela pitted the forces of the Kingdoms of Pontus & Bosporus, led by king Pharnaces II, against the Roman Republic, led by Julius Caesar. The core of the latter’s army included the recently formed Legio XXII Deiotariana, Galatians recruited and trained for Rome the previous year by their king, Deiotarus, after whom the legion was named. Legio XXII was larger than a standard legion, being 12,000 infantry + 2,000 cavalry strong. Fighting alongside them would have been the Legio VI Ferrata and Legio XXXVI. Pharnaces’ army would have been an ethnic melting-pot reflecting the populace of his two kingdoms: Scythians, Circassians and Greeks from Bosporus; possibly also some Slavic mercenaries + Georgians, Anatolians and Greeks from Pontus. His forces included a contingent of scythed chariots. The previous year, Pharnaces had defeated a mixed Roman-Galatian-Cappadocian force at the Battle of Nicopolis, forcing Caesar to come up from Egypt for a revanche. At Zela, Caesar placed the Galatians in the centre of his battle-line, where the most intense fighting is usually expected to take place in most battles. The Pontic king charged across the plain at Caesar with his scythed chariots, opting to fight uphill against the legions. After initially smashing a Roman skirmishing line, the chariots were at length routed by volleys of javelins. The bulk of Pharnaces’ forces then came up and began pressing at close-quarters. The Romans and Galatians stifled their assault and then launched a counter-attack, easily smashing their opponents in hand-to-hand combat and routing them off the battlefield with heavy losses. Pharnaces fled to his Bosporan domains, where he was shortly thereafter overthrown and killed by his own son-in-law. Caesar commemorated the victory with his famous phrase: Veni, vidi, vici (Latin: “I came, I saw, I conquered”).

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2025/11/01 05:31:24
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