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Most Recent Questions

Rosenthal fibres are seen in which of the following tumours ?
Anonymous Quiz
44%
Pilocytic astrocytoma
22%
Glioblastoma
25%
Medulloblastoma
9%
Ependymoma
AIIMS NOV

Which of the following would distinguish hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis when compared to that due to Dandy walker malformation?
Anonymous Quiz
25%
Third ventricle size
30%
Lateral ventricular size
35%
Posterior fossa volume
10%
Head circumference
AIIMS NOV

All of the following diseases show abnormal folding of proteins except :
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
17%
Prion disease
53%
Multiple sclerosis
15%
Amyloidosis
AIIMS NOV

A 17 year old female presents with a history of fever and headache and now develops altered sensorium. CT scan shows basal exudates with meningeal enhancement. The CSF is most likely to show :
Anonymous Quiz
15%
Lymphocytic pleocytosis, low sugar, low protein
28%
Polymorphonuclear pleocytosis, normal sugar, high protein
45%
Lymphocytic pleocytosis, low sugar, high protein
12%
Lymphocytic pleocytosis, normal sugar, high protein
AI.PG

A 10 year old girl presents with a tibial mass. Histopathological examination reveals a small round cell tumor. Which of the following molecular findings is most likely to be present?
Anonymous Quiz
29%
22q translocation
27%
11q deletion
18%
7p translocation
26%
n-myc amplification
AI.PG

Which of the following is the most specific test for rheumatoid arthritis?
Anonymous Quiz
61%
Anti CCP antibody
12%
Anti Ig A antibody
14%
Anti Ig M antibody
12%
Anti IgG antibody
Identify the disease based on the symptoms and examination reports 🧐

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Comment in the box below⬇️⬇️
Recent Questions:

Tumor that follows rule of 10 is:
Anonymous Quiz
75%
Pheochromocytoma
9%
Oncocytoma
7%
Lymphoma
10%
Renal cell carcinoma
Case 45 || Solution || Part 1

The answer to the given question is “Holoprosencephaly”

Normal Brain has 2 Cerebral Hemispheres [Right & Left], which is due to SHH Gene [Sonic Hedgehog Gene]

SONIC HEDGEHOG GENE (SHH Gene) (in Brief):

It is a morphogenesis gene

Function:

• Patterning of Limbs
• Patterning of Midline Structures like Brain,Spinal Cord & Face

Due to SHH Gene Mutation

⬇️

Leads to Fusion of Right & Left Hemisphere leading to Holoprosencephaly

Appearance of Fetus (Dead)

Due to absence of Midline Structures Development:

Single Eye
Under-developed mouth
Absent nose

This appearance is known as ‘Cyclopia’ (As shown in the picture)

Additional info:

Holoprosencephaly is a/w:

Trisomy 13 (Patau’s Syndrome)

Maternal Diabetes Mellitus
Case 45 || Solution || Last Part

The answer to the given question is “Holoprosencephaly”

Gross Finding:

It shows coronal section of the brain showing forebrain of the embryo fails to develop into two cerebral hemisphere with mono-ventricular cavity

How it happens?

Due to SHH Gene Mutation

⬇️

No Right / Left Cerebral Hemispheres

⬇️

Leads to Mono-ventricular Cavity (Instead of 2 Lateral Ventricles)

[As shown in the picture]
Recent Questions:

Most common thyroid cancer after radiation exposure is:
Anonymous Quiz
48%
Papillary cancer
20%
Medullary cancer
21%
Follicular cancer
11%
Anaplastic cancer
Recent Questions:

Which of the following beta-lactam antibiotics can be safely used in a patient with a history of allergy to penicillins?
Anonymous Quiz
37%
Aztreonam
19%
Cefepime
11%
Loracarbef
33%
Ceftriaxone
Recent Questions:

MITOCHONDRIAL CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITY LEADS TO:
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Angelman syndrome
53%
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy
16%
Prader villi syndrome
15%
Myotonic dystrophy
Identify the four urine crystals 🧐🔬

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Comment in the box below ⬇️⬇️ as A,B,C,D
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2025/06/29 18:51:14
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