🧾 Procedural Reforms in Investigation under Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023

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📘 Overview

The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023) along with the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 introduces significant procedural reforms to the investigation process in criminal cases in India. These reforms aim to make the criminal justice system more transparent, time-bound, tech-enabled and victim-friendly, while ensuring fairness to the accused.

This topic focuses on how investigation procedures have changed or been improved under the new legal framework.

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🔍 What These Changes Mean

✅ For the Police

Must act faster and more transparently

Accountability due to tech-enabled processes (CCTV, body cams)

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✅ For the Victim

Empowered to track case progress

Can submit complaints online or digitally

More secure and sensitive handling of gender-based and vulnerable victim cases

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✅ For the Accused

Receives fair opportunity to defend

Access to digital records

Protection from arbitrary delays

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📌 Example Scenario

Old System (IPC/CrPC): A woman goes to a police station in a different city to report rape. FIR is denied due to "lack of jurisdiction".

New System (BNSS): She can file a Zero FIR at any police station or even online and the case will be transferred to the correct jurisdiction, but investigation begins immediately.

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✅ Conclusion

The BNS/BNSS framework introduces a modern, efficient and humane approach to investigation in criminal cases. These procedural reforms ensure speedy justice, protection of rights and increased public trust in the justice system by combining legal accountability with digital technology.

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