🔰 SHALL


🔻 Shall is not used very much nowadays and mostly in formal speech and some legal documents. Originally Shall was used instead of Will in first person (with I and We) when talking about the future. Now almost everyone uses Will with all subjects.

Nowadays, the most common use of shall in everyday English (although not in American English) is in questions that serve as offers or suggestions: "Shall I ...?" or "Shall we ...?"

🔻Situations where Shall is still occasionally used:

1⃣ Suggestion

⚠️Notice how each of these can easily be replaced by should.

🔹Shall I get a pizza for dinner tonight?
🔹Shall we take a taxi home?
It's cold.
🔹Shall I close the window?
🔹Shall we go now?

2⃣ Offers / Volunteering to do something

🔹That bag looks heavy. Shall I carry it for you?
🔹Shall I wait for you?
🔹I shall make the arrangements for you.

3⃣ Instructions (asking for or giving)

🔹What shall I do with your mail when it arrives?
🔹I shall meet you there at 7.
🔹You shall not pass! (said Gandalf to the Balrog in Lord of the Rings)

4⃣ Promises

🔹You shall be the first person to know.
(= I promise that you will be the first person)
🔹I shall get you a new bike for your birthday.

5⃣ Confirmation (Statement of Fact)

⚠️Notice how each of these can easily be replaced by will.

🔹I shall turn 30 next week.
🔹We shall know the results of the exam next week.
🔹I shall meet you there at 7.

6⃣ Formal written regulations and rules

This is very formal and normally avoided in spoken English. The passive is most often used in this situation.

🔹A record shall be kept of all students arriving late to class.
(= school regulations)
🔹Members of the board of directors shall be elected annually.
(= company regulations)

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✨Good evening dear friends.🌸

Be ready for tonight's quiz on WILL & SHALL lessons. So kindly, give them a quick review!😊


✍🏻#admin

✨Thank you our marvelous friends. We deeply appreciate your interaction which gives us a great push forward!🌹


✅ Here are the correct answers:

1️⃣ C. Either could be used here (Futurity)
2️⃣ B. shall (command)
3️⃣ A. will (Futurity)
4️⃣ B. Shall (Offers/Volunteering to do something)
5️⃣ C. Either could be used here (Confirmation)


✨Well done guys. Keep going, bless you.

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🔰Can/Can't


🔹Can you do that?
🔹I can’t manage to do that.
🔹You can leave your car in that parking space.
🔹You cannot smoke in here.

✨Notice that there are two negative forms: ‘can’t’ and ‘cannot’ . These mean exactly the same thing. When we are speaking, we usually say ‘can’t’ .

🔻We use ‘can’ to talk about ‘ability’.

🔹I can speak French.
🔹I can’t drive.

🔻We use ‘can’ to ask for and give permission. (We also use ‘may’ for this but is more formal and much less common.)

🔹Can I speak to you or are you too busy?
🔹You can use my phone.
🔹You can’t come in.

🔻We use ‘can’ in offers, requests and instructions.

🔹Can I help?
🔹Can you give me a hand?
🔹When you finish that, you can take out the garbage.

🔻We use ‘can’ with ‘see’ ‘hear’ ‘feel’ ‘smell’ ‘taste’ to talk about something which is happening now . (Where you would use the present continuous with most other verbs.)

🔹I can smell something burning.
🔹Can you hear that noise?
🔹I can’t see anything.

🔻We can use ‘can’t’ for deduction. The opposite of ‘can’t’ in this context is ‘must’ .

🔹You can’t be hungry. You’ve just eaten.
🔹You must be hungry. You haven’t eaten anything all day.
🔹He was in London one hour ago when I spoke to him. He can’t be here yet. 

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🔰 Could


🔻‘Could’ is used to make polite requests. We can also use ‘can’ for these but ‘could’ is more polite. 

🔹Could you help me, please?
🔹Could you lend me some money?
🔹Could I have a lift?
🔹Could I bother you for a moment?

✨If we use ‘could’ in reply to these requests, it suggests that we do not really want to do it. If you agree to the request, it is better to say ‘can’.

🔹Of course I can.
🔹I could help you if it’s really necessary but I’m really busy right now.
🔹I could lend you some money but I’d need it back tomorrow without fail.
🔹I could give you a lift as far as Birmingham.

🔻‘Could’ is used to talk about theoretical possibility and is similar in meaning to ‘might’.

🔹It could rain later. Take an umbrella.
🔹He could be there by now.
🔹Could he be any happier?
🔹It could be Sarah’s.

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🔰 May/Might


🚩may

🔻We can use ‘may’ to ask for permission. However this is rather formal and not used very often in modern spoken English.

🔹May I borrow your pen?
🔹May we think about it?
🔹May I go now?

🔻We use ‘may’ to suggest something is possible.

🔹It may rain later today.
🔹I may not have time to do it today.
🔹Pete may come with us

🚩might

🔻We use ‘might’ to suggest a small possibility of something. Often we read that ‘might’ suggests a smaller possibility that ‘may’ , there is in fact little difference and ‘might' is more usual than ‘may’ in spoken English.

🔹She might be at home by now but it’s not sure at all.
🔹It might rain this afternoon.
🔹I might not have time to go to the shops for you.
🔹I might not go.

🔻For the past, we use ‘might have’.

🔹He might have tried to call while I was out.
🔹I might have dropped it in the street.

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🔰 Should 1⃣


🔻We use ‘should’ for giving advice.

🔹You should speak to him about it.
🔹He should see a doctor.
🔹We should ask a lawyer.

🔻We use ‘should’ to give an opinion or a recommendation.

🔹He should resign now.
🔹We should invest more in Asia.
🔹They should do something about this terrible train service.

🔻‘Should’ expresses a personal opinion and is much weaker and more personal than ‘must’ or ‘have to’. It is often introduced by ‘I think’.

🔹I think they should replace him.
🔹I don’t think they should keep the contract.
🔹Do you think we should tell her.

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