🔰Past perfect simple: advanced points
الماضي التام البسيط: استخدامات متقدمة
1️⃣ Past perfect or simple past with after, as soon as, etc
🔻We can use time conjunctions (e.g. after, as soon as, when, once) to talk about two actions or events that happened one after the other. Usually the past perfect is not necessary in these cases, because we are not 'going back' from the time that we are mainly talking about, but simply moving forward from one event to the next.
🔻يمكننا استخدام أدوات العطف الزمنية (على سبيل المثال after ، as soon as ، when ، once) للحديث عن حدثين حدثا واحدًا تلو الآخر. عادة ما يكون الماضي التام ليس ضروريًا في هذه الحالات ، لأننا لا "نعود" من الوقت الذي نتحدث عنه بشكل أساسي ، و لكن ببساطة نتحرك للأمام من حدث إلى آخر.
🔹After it got dark, we came back inside.
🔹As soon as Megan arrived, we sat down to eat.
🔹Once it stopped raining, we started the game again.
🔻However, we can use the past perfect with after, as soon as, etc to emphasise that the first action is separate, independent of the second, completed before the second started.
🔻و مع ذلك ، يمكننا استخدام الماضي التام مع after ، as soon as ، وما إلى ذلك للتأكيد على أن الحدث الأول منفصل ، مستقل عن الحدث الثاني ، و مكتمل قبل بدء الحدث الثاني.
🔹She didn't feel the same after her dog had died.
🔹As soon as he had finished his exams, he went to Paris for a month.
🔻This use of the past perfect is especially common with WHEN. (When has several meanings, so we often have to show the exact time relations by the verb form.)
🔻هذا الاستخدام للماضي التام شائع بشكل خاص مع WHEN. (عندما يكون لها معاني عديدة ،غالبًا ما يتعين علينا إظهار ارتباطات الزمن الدقيقة بصيغة الفعل). قارن:
🤔Compare:
🔹When I had opened the windows, I sat down and had a cup of tea.
(Not When I opened the windows, I sat down ...: the first action was quite separate from the second.)
◽️When I opened the window, the cat jumped out.
(More natural than When I had opened the window, ...: one action caused the other.)
🔹When I had answered my emails, I did some gardening.
◽️When I wrote to her, she came at once.
2️⃣ Unrealised hopes and wishes; things that did not happen
🔻The past perfect can be used to express an unrealised hope, wish, etc. Had is usually stressed in this case.
🔻الزمن الماضي التام يمكن استخدامه للتعبير عن أماني و أمنيات غير محققة ..الخ. في هذا حالة يكون الفعل had مشدد عند النطق.
🔹I HAD hoped we would leave tomorrow, but it won't be possible.
🔹He HAD intended to make a cake, but he ran out of time.
3️⃣ Past perfect with It was the first/second ... that ...
🔻We generally use a past perfect after it was the first/second ... that ... and similar structures (Same with Present perfect. See above👆🏻)
🔻يستخدم هذا الزمن مع عبارات "كانت المرة الأولى/الثانية التي ... و صيغ مماثلة تماماً كما في الزمن المضارع التام (راجع الدرس أعلاه👆🏻)
🔹It was the first time that I had heard her sing.
🔹It was the fifth time she had asked the same question.
🔹It was only the second opera I had seen in my life.
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
الماضي التام البسيط: استخدامات متقدمة
1️⃣ Past perfect or simple past with after, as soon as, etc
🔻We can use time conjunctions (e.g. after, as soon as, when, once) to talk about two actions or events that happened one after the other. Usually the past perfect is not necessary in these cases, because we are not 'going back' from the time that we are mainly talking about, but simply moving forward from one event to the next.
🔻يمكننا استخدام أدوات العطف الزمنية (على سبيل المثال after ، as soon as ، when ، once) للحديث عن حدثين حدثا واحدًا تلو الآخر. عادة ما يكون الماضي التام ليس ضروريًا في هذه الحالات ، لأننا لا "نعود" من الوقت الذي نتحدث عنه بشكل أساسي ، و لكن ببساطة نتحرك للأمام من حدث إلى آخر.
🔹After it got dark, we came back inside.
🔹As soon as Megan arrived, we sat down to eat.
🔹Once it stopped raining, we started the game again.
🔻However, we can use the past perfect with after, as soon as, etc to emphasise that the first action is separate, independent of the second, completed before the second started.
🔻و مع ذلك ، يمكننا استخدام الماضي التام مع after ، as soon as ، وما إلى ذلك للتأكيد على أن الحدث الأول منفصل ، مستقل عن الحدث الثاني ، و مكتمل قبل بدء الحدث الثاني.
🔹She didn't feel the same after her dog had died.
🔹As soon as he had finished his exams, he went to Paris for a month.
🔻This use of the past perfect is especially common with WHEN. (When has several meanings, so we often have to show the exact time relations by the verb form.)
🔻هذا الاستخدام للماضي التام شائع بشكل خاص مع WHEN. (عندما يكون لها معاني عديدة ،غالبًا ما يتعين علينا إظهار ارتباطات الزمن الدقيقة بصيغة الفعل). قارن:
🤔Compare:
🔹When I had opened the windows, I sat down and had a cup of tea.
(Not When I opened the windows, I sat down ...: the first action was quite separate from the second.)
◽️When I opened the window, the cat jumped out.
(More natural than When I had opened the window, ...: one action caused the other.)
🔹When I had answered my emails, I did some gardening.
◽️When I wrote to her, she came at once.
2️⃣ Unrealised hopes and wishes; things that did not happen
🔻The past perfect can be used to express an unrealised hope, wish, etc. Had is usually stressed in this case.
🔻الزمن الماضي التام يمكن استخدامه للتعبير عن أماني و أمنيات غير محققة ..الخ. في هذا حالة يكون الفعل had مشدد عند النطق.
🔹I HAD hoped we would leave tomorrow, but it won't be possible.
🔹He HAD intended to make a cake, but he ran out of time.
3️⃣ Past perfect with It was the first/second ... that ...
🔻We generally use a past perfect after it was the first/second ... that ... and similar structures (Same with Present perfect. See above👆🏻)
🔻يستخدم هذا الزمن مع عبارات "كانت المرة الأولى/الثانية التي ... و صيغ مماثلة تماماً كما في الزمن المضارع التام (راجع الدرس أعلاه👆🏻)
🔹It was the first time that I had heard her sing.
🔹It was the fifth time she had asked the same question.
🔹It was only the second opera I had seen in my life.
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
🔰Past perfect continuous
🔰الزمن الماضي التام المستمر
🔻We use the past perfect continuous to talk about actions or situations which had continued up to the past moment that we are thinking about, or shortly before it.
نستخدم الزمن الماضي التام المستمر للحديث عن المواقف التي استمرت خلال فترة من الماضي الى لحظة التفكير فيها، أو قبلها بقليل
✨At that time we had been living in the caravan for about six months.
✨When I found Emily, I could see that she had been crying.
✨I went to the doctor because I had been sleeping badly.
🔻How long? past perfect continuous, not past continuous
🔻استخدم صيغة التام المستمر لا المستمر للتعبير عن مدة الحدث
We use a past perfect continuous, not a past continuous, to say how long something had been happening up to a past moment.
نستخدم الزمن الماضي التام المستمر، و ليس الماضي المستمر، للتعبير حتى مدة حدوث فعل حتى لحظة محددة في الماضي.
🔹We’d been walking since sunrise, and we were hungry.
(Not We were walking since sunrise ...)✘
◽️When she arrived, she had been travelling for twenty hours.
(Not ... she was travelling ...)✘
🔻Continuous and simple: differences
🔻الفرق بين صيغة المستمر و البسيط
Continuous forms are mostly used to talk about more temporary actions and situations. When we talk about longer-lasting or permanent situations, we prefer simple forms.
تُستخدم صيغ الاستمرار غالباً للحديث عن مواقف و أحداث مؤقتة. عندما يكون الحدث أطول أو دائم فيُفضل إستخدام صيغ البسيط. قارن:
🤔Compare:
🔹My legs were stiff because I had been standing still for a long time.
◽️The tree that blew down had stood there for 300 years.
➖Continuous forms generally emphasise the continuation of an activity; we use simple tenses to emphasise the idea of completion.
تُستخدم صيغ الاستمرار عموماً للتأكيد على إستمرارية الحدث؛ بينما تُستخدم أزمنة البسيط للتأكيد على فكرة اكتماله.
🤔Compare:
🔹I had been reading science fiction, and my mind was full of strange images.
◽️I had read all my magazines, and was beginning to get bored.
➖Some verbs are not normally used in continuous forms, even if the meaning is one for which a continuous form would be more suitable.
بعض الأفعال تكون عادةً لا تُستخدم في صيغة المستمر، حتى لو المعنى كان أكثر ملاءمة.
✨I hadn't known her for very long when we got married.
(Not I hadn’t been knowing her ...)✘
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
🔰الزمن الماضي التام المستمر
🔻We use the past perfect continuous to talk about actions or situations which had continued up to the past moment that we are thinking about, or shortly before it.
نستخدم الزمن الماضي التام المستمر للحديث عن المواقف التي استمرت خلال فترة من الماضي الى لحظة التفكير فيها، أو قبلها بقليل
✨At that time we had been living in the caravan for about six months.
✨When I found Emily, I could see that she had been crying.
✨I went to the doctor because I had been sleeping badly.
🔻How long? past perfect continuous, not past continuous
🔻استخدم صيغة التام المستمر لا المستمر للتعبير عن مدة الحدث
We use a past perfect continuous, not a past continuous, to say how long something had been happening up to a past moment.
نستخدم الزمن الماضي التام المستمر، و ليس الماضي المستمر، للتعبير حتى مدة حدوث فعل حتى لحظة محددة في الماضي.
🔹We’d been walking since sunrise, and we were hungry.
(Not We were walking since sunrise ...)✘
◽️When she arrived, she had been travelling for twenty hours.
(Not ... she was travelling ...)✘
🔻Continuous and simple: differences
🔻الفرق بين صيغة المستمر و البسيط
Continuous forms are mostly used to talk about more temporary actions and situations. When we talk about longer-lasting or permanent situations, we prefer simple forms.
تُستخدم صيغ الاستمرار غالباً للحديث عن مواقف و أحداث مؤقتة. عندما يكون الحدث أطول أو دائم فيُفضل إستخدام صيغ البسيط. قارن:
🤔Compare:
🔹My legs were stiff because I had been standing still for a long time.
◽️The tree that blew down had stood there for 300 years.
➖Continuous forms generally emphasise the continuation of an activity; we use simple tenses to emphasise the idea of completion.
تُستخدم صيغ الاستمرار عموماً للتأكيد على إستمرارية الحدث؛ بينما تُستخدم أزمنة البسيط للتأكيد على فكرة اكتماله.
🤔Compare:
🔹I had been reading science fiction, and my mind was full of strange images.
◽️I had read all my magazines, and was beginning to get bored.
➖Some verbs are not normally used in continuous forms, even if the meaning is one for which a continuous form would be more suitable.
بعض الأفعال تكون عادةً لا تُستخدم في صيغة المستمر، حتى لو المعنى كان أكثر ملاءمة.
✨I hadn't known her for very long when we got married.
(Not I hadn’t been knowing her ...)✘
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
Good evening dear friends.🌸
Kindly, review the last two lessons on the past perfect simple and past perfect continuous for tonight's quiz, God willing.😊
Please, stay home and be safe! 🤲
✍ #admin
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
Kindly, review the last two lessons on the past perfect simple and past perfect continuous for tonight's quiz, God willing.😊
Please, stay home and be safe! 🤲
✍ #admin
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
1️⃣ Pamela was Sally's best friend. She ..... her all her life.
Anonymous Poll
68%
A. had known
32%
B. had been knowing
2️⃣ The children were wet because they ..... football in the rain.
Anonymous Poll
60%
A. had played
40%
B. had been playing
3️⃣ I was delighted when I found my keys. I ..... for them for hours.
Anonymous Poll
57%
A. had looked
43%
B. had been looking
4️⃣ She was exhausted because she ..... since eight o'clock that morning.
Anonymous Poll
54%
A. had worked
46%
B. had been working
6️⃣ The passengers were cross because the airline ..... everyone's bags.
Anonymous Poll
74%
A. had lost
26%
B. had been loosing
7️⃣ ..... Jacob for several years, but I recognised him immediately.
Anonymous Poll
74%
A. hadn't seen
26%
B. hadn't been seeing
8️⃣ I'd rather he ..... me before using my laptop.
Anonymous Poll
82%
A. had asked
18%
B. had been asking
English Grammar Secrets
📚 Past perfect simple and past perfect continuous (multiple choice). Good luck!🍀 #quiz
✨Thank you dear friends. I'm sure the quiz was such a piece of cake for you. 😍 I really appreciate your participation!🌹
✅Here are the correct answers:
1⃣ A. had known
2⃣ B. had been playing
3⃣ B. had been looking
4⃣ B. had been working
5⃣ A. had snowed
6⃣ A. had lost
7⃣ A. had lost
8⃣ A. had asked
✨Well done guys. You're getting better by the time!! Keep it up! 👍🏻👍🏻
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
✅Here are the correct answers:
1⃣ A. had known
2⃣ B. had been playing
3⃣ B. had been looking
4⃣ B. had been working
5⃣ A. had snowed
6⃣ A. had lost
7⃣ A. had lost
8⃣ A. had asked
✨Well done guys. You're getting better by the time!! Keep it up! 👍🏻👍🏻
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
🔰 Future
🔰المستقبل
There is no one ‘future tense’ in English. There are 4 future forms. The one which is used most often in spoken English is ‘going to’, not ‘will’.
⚪️ Going to
🔰 سوف
1️⃣ A present tense
🔻This structure is really a present tense (the present progressive of go). We use it to talk about future actions and events that have some present reality. If we say that something in the future is going to happen, it is usually already planned or decided, or it is starting to happen, or we can see it coming now.
🔻هذه التركيبة هي فعلاً زمن المضارع (المضارع المستمر من go). نستخدمها للحديث عن الأحداث المستقبلية التي لها بعض من الحقيقة في الوقت الراهن. إذا قلنا أن شيئاً ما سيحدث في المستقبل، فعادةً ما يتم التخطيط له أو تحديده بالفعل ، أو أنه بدأ في الحدوث ، أو يمكننا رؤيته قادمًا الآن.
2️⃣ Plans:
🔻We use be going to + infinitive to talk about plans, especially in an informal style. This structure often emphasises the idea of intention, or a decision that has already been made.
🔻نحن نستخدم صيغة be going to + infinitive للحديث عن الخطط ، وخاصة بأسلوب غير رسمي. غالباً ما تؤكد هذه الصيغة على فكرة النية ، أو القرار الذي تم اتخاذه بالفعل.
🔹We're going to get a new car soon.
🔹Jack says he’s going to phone this evening.
🔹When are you going to get your hair cut?
🔹I’m going to keep asking her out until she says 'Yes’.
🔹I’m going to stop him reading my emails if it’s the last thing I do.
🔹They’re going to launch it next month.
🔹We’re going to have lunch first.
🔹She’s going to see what she can do.
🔻Notice that this plan does not have to be for the near future.
🔻لاحظ أن هذه الخطة لا يجب أن تكون بالضرورة في المستقبل القريب.
🔹When I retire I’m going to go back to Barbados to live.
🔹In ten years time, I’m going to be boss of my own successful company.
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
🔰المستقبل
There is no one ‘future tense’ in English. There are 4 future forms. The one which is used most often in spoken English is ‘going to’, not ‘will’.
⚪️ Going to
🔰 سوف
1️⃣ A present tense
🔻This structure is really a present tense (the present progressive of go). We use it to talk about future actions and events that have some present reality. If we say that something in the future is going to happen, it is usually already planned or decided, or it is starting to happen, or we can see it coming now.
🔻هذه التركيبة هي فعلاً زمن المضارع (المضارع المستمر من go). نستخدمها للحديث عن الأحداث المستقبلية التي لها بعض من الحقيقة في الوقت الراهن. إذا قلنا أن شيئاً ما سيحدث في المستقبل، فعادةً ما يتم التخطيط له أو تحديده بالفعل ، أو أنه بدأ في الحدوث ، أو يمكننا رؤيته قادمًا الآن.
2️⃣ Plans:
🔻We use be going to + infinitive to talk about plans, especially in an informal style. This structure often emphasises the idea of intention, or a decision that has already been made.
🔻نحن نستخدم صيغة be going to + infinitive للحديث عن الخطط ، وخاصة بأسلوب غير رسمي. غالباً ما تؤكد هذه الصيغة على فكرة النية ، أو القرار الذي تم اتخاذه بالفعل.
🔹We're going to get a new car soon.
🔹Jack says he’s going to phone this evening.
🔹When are you going to get your hair cut?
🔹I’m going to keep asking her out until she says 'Yes’.
🔹I’m going to stop him reading my emails if it’s the last thing I do.
🔹They’re going to launch it next month.
🔹We’re going to have lunch first.
🔹She’s going to see what she can do.
🔻Notice that this plan does not have to be for the near future.
🔻لاحظ أن هذه الخطة لا يجب أن تكون بالضرورة في المستقبل القريب.
🔹When I retire I’m going to go back to Barbados to live.
🔹In ten years time, I’m going to be boss of my own successful company.
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
English Grammar Secrets
🔰 Future 🔰المستقبل There is no one ‘future tense’ in English. There are 4 future forms. The one which is used most often in spoken English is ‘going to’, not ‘will’. ⚪️ Going to 🔰 سوف 1️⃣ A present tense 🔻This structure is really a present tense (the…
3️⃣ Things that are on the way:
🔻Another use of the going-to structure is to predict the future on the basis of present evidence - to say that a future action or event is on the way, or starting to happen.
🔻استخدام آخر لهذه الصيغة هو التنبؤ بالمستقبل على أساس الأدلة الحالية - للتعبير عن حدث مستقبلي في طريقه للحدوث ، أو بدأ في الحدوث فعلاً.
🔹Sally’s going to have another baby in June.
🔹Look at the sky. It's going to rain. Look out! We’re going to crash!
🔹Look out! That cup is going to fall off.
🔹These figures are really bad. We’re going to make a loss.
🔹You look very tired. You’re going to need to stop soon.
4️⃣ Commands and refusals:
🔻Going to .. . can be used to insist that people do things or do not do things.
🔻يمكن استخدامها للإصرار على الأخرين للقيام بفعل ما أو منعهم من القيام به.
🔹You’re going to finish that soup if you sit there all afternoon!
🔹She’s going to take that medicine whether she likes it or not!
🔹You’re not going to play football in my garden.
🔻It is also used in emphatic refusals:
🔻تُستخدم أيضاً في حالات الرفض المؤكدة
🔹I’m not going to sit up all night listening to your problems!
5️⃣ Gonna
🔻In informal speech, going to is often pronounced /ɡənə/. This is sometimes shown in writing as gonna, especially in American English.
🔻في الكلام غير الرسمي ، غالبًا ما يتم نطق going to بهذا الشكل /ɡənə/. يظهر هذا أحيانًا في الكتابة، خاصةً في اللغة الإنجليزية الأمريكية.
🔹Nobody's gonna talk to me like that.
@EnglishGrammarSecrets
🔻Another use of the going-to structure is to predict the future on the basis of present evidence - to say that a future action or event is on the way, or starting to happen.
🔻استخدام آخر لهذه الصيغة هو التنبؤ بالمستقبل على أساس الأدلة الحالية - للتعبير عن حدث مستقبلي في طريقه للحدوث ، أو بدأ في الحدوث فعلاً.
🔹Sally’s going to have another baby in June.
🔹Look at the sky. It's going to rain. Look out! We’re going to crash!
🔹Look out! That cup is going to fall off.
🔹These figures are really bad. We’re going to make a loss.
🔹You look very tired. You’re going to need to stop soon.
4️⃣ Commands and refusals:
🔻Going to .. . can be used to insist that people do things or do not do things.
🔻يمكن استخدامها للإصرار على الأخرين للقيام بفعل ما أو منعهم من القيام به.
🔹You’re going to finish that soup if you sit there all afternoon!
🔹She’s going to take that medicine whether she likes it or not!
🔹You’re not going to play football in my garden.
🔻It is also used in emphatic refusals:
🔻تُستخدم أيضاً في حالات الرفض المؤكدة
🔹I’m not going to sit up all night listening to your problems!
5️⃣ Gonna
🔻In informal speech, going to is often pronounced /ɡənə/. This is sometimes shown in writing as gonna, especially in American English.
🔻في الكلام غير الرسمي ، غالبًا ما يتم نطق going to بهذا الشكل /ɡənə/. يظهر هذا أحيانًا في الكتابة، خاصةً في اللغة الإنجليزية الأمريكية.
🔹Nobody's gonna talk to me like that.
@EnglishGrammarSecrets