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⚡️Further reading on the uses of must and can't (for deduction) ⚡️



CERTAINTY ABOUT THE PRESENT

When making deductions about the present:
- We use "must" when we are almost 100% sure that something is True.

- We use "can't" when we are almost 100% sure that something is Impossible.

For example, Alex works from 8:00 am to 2:00 pm every day, now it is 10:00 am. We can say:

- He must be at work. (We are almost 100 % sure that he is at work because he has been there since 8:00 am.)

We can also say:
- He can't be at home. (We are almost 100 % sure that it is impossible for him to be at home now because he has been at work since 8:00 am.)



CERTAINTY ABOUT THE PAST

When making deductions about the past:
- We use "must have" when we are almost 100% sure that something was True.

- We use "can't have" when we are almost 100% sure that something was Impossible.

For example, John, who works from 8:00 am to 2:00 pm, was at work yesterday. We were walking by his house yesterday at 10:30 am. My friend said: "Let's visit John". I was sure that it was impossible to find him at home because he works at this time. So, we can say:


We rang his doorbell, but no one answered.

- He must have been at work. (We are almost 100 % sure that he was at work at that time.)

We can also say:
- He can't have been at home. (We are almost 100 % sure that it was impossible for him to be at home at that time.)



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#Unit-28 Exercises

The word with the most meanings in English is the verb 'set', with 430 senses listed in the Second Edition of the Oxford English Dictionary published in 1989. The word commands the longest entry in the dictionary at 60,000 words, or 326,000 characters. #English


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#Unit-028 Exercises || Answered

#Unit-29 may and might 1

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⚡️Further reading on the differences between of may and might⚡️

“May” and “might” are commonly confused words with similar meanings in the English language. Both can express the subjunctive mood and both can supplement the main verb of a sentence. A few key writing tips can help explain the correct usage of may vs. might.

1- “May” suggests a high degree of probability.
If you say you may do something, you have implied it is quite likely to happen.
- John may get a raise at work.


2- “Might” suggests a lower probability.
“Might” implies there is a decent chance an action will not take place.
- We might have walked to the park, but it was raining.


3- “Might” is appropriate for past tense.
Although “might” is not the past tense of “may,” it is still the best word to describe something that happened in the past.
- He might have called me after the game, but they got busy.


4- “May” is better for the present tense.
If there is a chance of something happening in the immediate term, “may” tends to be the better word choice.
- We may go to the park after dinner.


5- “May” can express permission.
When making polite requests or granting permission, use the word “may.”
- You may watch TV when you finish your homework.


6- “Might” will help clarify that permission is not a factor.
Use “might” instead of “may” when you want to make clear that expressing permission is not the goal of your sentence.
- She might sell her house.

7- What Does ‘May’ Mean?
When preceding a verb, it suggests the possibility of something happening, but it does not guarantee it as a certainty. In the sentence "I will pick up dinner on my way home," the auxiliary verb “will” implies certainty. In the sentence "I may pick up dinner on my way home," the auxiliary verb “may” implies there’s a possibility but no guarantees.


8- What Does ‘Might’ Mean?
The slight difference between “may” and “might” is that “may” implies strong certainty about hypothetical events and “might” expresses a lesser degree of certainty.
“Might” is a stronger word choice than “may” when describing past hypotheticals. It is also the word of choice when emphasizing possibility rather than permission. The word “may” strongly correlates with granting permission, so using “might” can clear up a lot of confusion.


9- How to Use ‘May’ in a Sentence

1- Use “may” to describe present-tense hypotheticals. For example, "You may be in line for a promotion."

2- Use “may” to describe things that are likely to happen. For example, "It may rain all day, but I'm still playing golf."

3- Use “may” to express permission. For example, "You may go to the movies tonight."

4- Use “may” to express a confident negative hypothetical. For example, "You may not go to the movies under any circumstances."


10- How to Use ‘Might’ in a Sentence

1- “Might” is the correct word to describe past hypotheticals. For example, "I might have messed up my diet last night when I ate those donuts."

2- Use “might” to describe hypotheticals with lower degrees of certainty. For example, "I might know Japanese grammar better than her."

3- Use “might” to express negative hypotheticals that don't come with absolute certainty. For example, "I might not make every shot, but I'll keep trying."

4- Use “might” to clarify a statement of possibility rather than permission. For example, "My mom said I may not see my friends tonight, and I just might cry."


11. Notice: The past tense of "may" and "might" is "may have" and "might have".

- He may have called. (higher degree of past possibility)
- He might have called. (lower degree of past possibility)


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#Unit-029 Exercises || Answered

#Unit-30 may and might 2

#Unit-30 Exercises