#تذكر
🔻قاعدة استخدام الصفات التفضيلية (Comparative and Superlative Adjectives):
تُستخدم الصفات التفضيلية للتعبير عن التفضيل بين اثنين أو أكثر. تتألف من صفة توضع في صيغة المقارنة (comparative) للمقارنة بين شيئين وصفة توضع في صيغة الأفضل (superlative) للتعبير عن الأفضلية.
Ex:
- She is taller than her sister.
(هي أطول من أختها)
- This is the best movie I have ever seen.
(هذه أفضل فيلم رأيته على الإطلاق)

🔻قاعدة استخدام الجمل الأمرية (Imperative Sentences):
الجمل الأمرية تُستخدم لإعطاء أوامر أو توجيهات. تكون عادةً بدون فاعل ظاهر.
Ex:
- Close the door, please.
(أغلق الباب، من فضلك)
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🔻 مــع (make) :
- To make a bed يعد الفراش للنوم
- To make an excuse يعتذر
- To make fun of يسخر من
- To make haste يسرع
- To make a mistake يخطئ
- To make progress يحرز تقدمـاً
- To make a promise يعد
- To make a speech يلقي خطبة
- To make an attempt يحاول

Macho Women
👨🏻‍🦰John: Okay. So Sarah, you said you participated in rodeos before but I thought only men ride horses in rodeos?

👩🏻‍🦰Sarah: Yeah. Like 99.9% of the time, the men do all of the rodeo sports. There's like two sports for women and the rest of them are all for men.

👨🏻‍🦰John: Oh.

👩🏻‍🦰Sarah: When I said I wanted to do the traditionally male events, they said, "You can't do that. You're a woman. You have to do these other events that are not dangerous. They're safe."
For example, the men do calf roping. You work with a baby cow, a calf that's about 100 pounds. The women do goat roping.

And they work with a tiny goat that's about the size of a small dog. So I just always thought the difference was stupid. I don't want to do the easy, safe event. I want to do the difficult event and people were really surprised. And first, they said, "You can't." And I said, "I'm going to anyways."

👨🏻‍🦰John: Wow!

👩🏻‍🦰Sarah: And the first time I did the saddle bronc, they said, "Look, look, look. We got you a girl horse because you're a girl."

👨🏻‍🦰John: Oh my.

👩🏻‍🦰Sarah: And I thought, "Well, you didn't need to draw more attention to it. I just want to compete like everyone else."

👨🏻‍🦰John: Right.

👩🏻‍🦰Sarah: And my first time, I fell off the horse and I was really injured. And I was laying there and one of my friends came running out. And he said – I thought he was going to help me up and help me leave because I was really hurt. And instead he said, "Hurry up! You got to get off the – you get out of the arena because the next person wants to go."

👨🏻‍🦰John: Oh, wow!

👩🏻‍🦰Sarah: And I was really happy that he said that actually because he was just treating me the way he treated any other competitor. "Oh, get up. Be tough. You're fine."

👨🏻‍🦰John: Yeah.

👩🏻‍🦰Sarah: And I didn't want anyone to help me.

👨🏻‍🦰John: So he didn't help you.

👩🏻‍🦰Sarah: Right. And I was really glad that he was treating me like everyone else. And when you see a rodeo, you'll see that the women do events where they can dress really nice. They always wear nice clothes, beautiful hat. They even have earrings and things on.

And when the men do events, they're doing events that they really have to use their muscles and get dirty, and I really liked doing those instead. I'm not saying one is better than the other, I'm just saying I like to do the other one and I think that maybe other women like to do the other events, too.

👨🏻‍🦰John: So do you think that the situation is improving? Are more girls joining rodeo now?

👩🏻‍🦰Sarah: I don't think so. I think the sport of rodeo is becoming less popular. So I think in the future, there won't be more women in rodeo. There will just be fewer people in rodeo.

👨🏻‍🦰John: Oh, I see.

👩🏻‍🦰Sarah: Because the rodeo events, they're not very kind to the cows or the other animals. And as people get older, maybe they get more softhearted like me, and they don't want to make the animals get tied up or chase the animals. And so I think fewer people are interested in rodeo these days.
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✔️ Prejudice, (noun) إجحاف
➖Definition (mass noun): Preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

🔻Examples:
1- English prejudice against foreigners.

2- Deep-rooted class prejudices.

3- Some prejudices (preconceived opinions of an individual based on opinions about the many) have names such as racism, sexism, or ageism.

4- Preconceived notions are prejudices about what is supposed to happen during the ritual, or the way in which the ritual must be done.

5- As a straight woman with my own prejudices and preconceptions, I fall somewhere in between.
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زمن المضارع التام present perfect..
#فقرة A :
لاحظوا  الصور مع قراءة الجمل الموجودة تحت كل صورة..
1- الصورة الأولى تظهر الشخص وهو يحمل أحذيته في يديه وهي متسخه :
- His shoes are dirty احذيته متسخه

2- الصورة الثانية تُظهر الشخص وهو ينظف الأحذية :
- He is cleaning his shoes.
هو ينظف أحذيته.

3- الصورة الثالثة تُظهر الشخص وهو جالساً على الكرسي وقد أنتهى من تنظيف الأحذية.
- He has cleaned his shoes.
هو نظف أحذيته. ( مضارع تام )
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ننتقل الى الصور التي تليها :
1- في الصورة الاولى يظهر شخصين قاعدين في المنزل :
- They are at home هم في المنزل

2- الصورة الثانية يظهر الشخصين وهم يخرجون من المنزل.
- They are going out.
هم ذاهبون الى الخارج.

3- في الصورة الثالثة لا يوجد احد في المنزل
- They have gone out.
( They are not at home now)
هم ذهبوا الى الخارج.
ليسوا في المنزل الآن

نستخدم زمن المضارع التام present perfect للتعبير عن فعل حدث في الماضي قبل وقت قصير جداً ولازالت آثار  هذا الفعل موجودة الى حد الآن..
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نرجع للصورة أعلاه  ونركز على الجزء الأخير من الصورة  مع قراءة الجمل..
يتبين لنا أنها في زمن المضارع التام حيث ان الفعل ( تنظيف الأحذية المتسخه) انتهى تماماً ولازال أثره موجود
ايضا تظهر السوفا ولم يعد احد جالسا عليها، ولم يبقى سوى أثر جلوس الشخصين اللذين كانوا متواجدين منذ وقت قصير..
أثر الفعل ( الجلوس) وجود جريدة على السوفا .. لذلك استخدمنا زمن المضارع التام .
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Ex:
- I have lost my passport.
انا أضعت جوازي.
في هذا المثال نفهم ان الجواز لازال ضائعا الى حد الآن ولم يتم العثور عليه.
- Where is Rebecca ? اين ريبيكا ؟
She's gone to bed هي ذهبت للنوم

في هذا المثال نلاحظ ان ريبيكا ذهبت للنوم..
الفعل هنا هو الذهاب، والذي لازال أثره موجود، حيث أن ريبيكا لازالت على السرير نائمة.
- We have bought a new car.
نحن اشترينا سيارة جديدة.
أي لازالت موجودة معنا الى الان..لازلنا نملكها الان..
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- It's Rechel's birthday tomorrow and I haven't bought her a present.
غداً انه عيد ميلاد ريتشيلز وانا لم اشتري لها هدية بعد ( لا املك هدية لها الان)
- Bob is away on holiday. Oh where has he gone?
بوب بعيداً في عطلة.
اوه اين هو ذهب؟ = أين هو الآن؟
- Can I take this newspaper? Have you finished with it ?
هل بامكاني ان آخذ هذه الجريدة؟ هل انتهيت منها؟
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صيغة زمن المضارع التام present perfect
Subject + has / have + past participle

أفعال يأتي بعدها to :
Verbs + to :

🔻Ex :
1) What do you want to do this evening?
ماذا تريد أن تعمل الليلة؟
2) It's not very late. We don't need to go home yet.
الوقت ليس متأخراً.نحن لانحتاج أن نذهب الى البيت .
3) Tina has decided to sell her car.
تينا قررت ان تبيع سيارتها.
4) You forgot to switch off the light when you went out.
انت نسيت ان تطفئ الأضواء عندما خرجت.
5) My brother is learning to drive.
أخي يتعلم القيادة ( قيادة السيارة)
6) I tried to read my book, but I was too tired
انا حاولت ان اقرأ كتابي، لكن أنا كنت متعب جداً

🔻Ex :
1) I enjoy dancing. (not enjoy to dance)
انا استمتع بالرقص.
2) I don't mind getting up early.
انا لا أمانع ان استيقظ باكراً.
3) Has it stopped raining?
هل توقف المطر ؟
4)Sonia suggested going to the cinema.
سونيا اقترحت ان نذهب الى السينماء.

🔻Ex :
1) Do you like getting up early?✔️
or Do you like to get up early? ✔️
هل تحب ان تستيقظ باكراً ؟
2) I prefer travelling by car.✔️
or I prefer to travel by car.✔️
انا افضل السفر بالسياره.
3) Anna loves dancing, ✔️
or Anna loves to dance.✔️
آنا تحب الرقص.
4) I hate being late, ✔️
or I hate to be late.✔️
أنا أكره أكون متأخراً.
5) It started raining, ✔️
or It started to rain.✔️
انها بدأت تمطر.

نعود الى نقطة البداية ونتكلم عن الأفعال المساعدة :
(  am  /  is  /  are   )
#انظر_للصورة واقرأ الجمل
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