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πŸ”†Cook Islands
πŸ“Political Status:
βœ…A self-governing nation in free association with New Zealand. It was formerly a dependent New Zealand colony from 1901 to 1965.
βœ…Citizens of the Cook Islands are also citizens of New Zealand.
βœ…Administrative Centre: Avarua, located on the island of Rarotonga.
βœ…Geography: Situated in Polynesia, Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean.
Located northeast of New Zealand, between American Samoa and French Polynesia.
βœ…It comprises 15 islands, formed by volcanic activity, with a total land area of approximately 236.7 sq km.
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πŸ”† Distribution of Mineral Oil & Its Global Implications
(UPSC Mains GS1 – 2015 Topic Revisited)

πŸ“ Uneven Global Distribution
βœ… Major reserves in Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran), North America (USA, Canada), Russia, Venezuela
βœ… Significant offshore deposits in Arctic, North Sea, and West Africa

πŸ“ Geopolitical Tensions
βœ… Oil-rich nations wield strategic influence
βœ… Oil-importing nations face energy security risks

πŸ“ Economic Impact
βœ… Drives industrialization and trade
βœ… Prone to market volatility due to demand-supply mismatch

πŸ“ Environmental Costs
βœ… Extraction leads to pollution, habitat destruction, climate change
βœ… Combustion worsens global warming

πŸ“ Energy Transition & Future Outlook
βœ… Renewables rising, but oil remains indispensable
βœ… Emphasizes need for sustainable management & equitable resource policies

#GS1 #EnergySecurity
2025/07/06 20:18:03
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