🔆Cook Islands
📍Political Status:
✅A self-governing nation in free association with New Zealand. It was formerly a dependent New Zealand colony from 1901 to 1965.
✅Citizens of the Cook Islands are also citizens of New Zealand.
✅Administrative Centre: Avarua, located on the island of Rarotonga.
✅Geography: Situated in Polynesia, Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean.
Located northeast of New Zealand, between American Samoa and French Polynesia.
✅It comprises 15 islands, formed by volcanic activity, with a total land area of approximately 236.7 sq km.
📍Political Status:
✅A self-governing nation in free association with New Zealand. It was formerly a dependent New Zealand colony from 1901 to 1965.
✅Citizens of the Cook Islands are also citizens of New Zealand.
✅Administrative Centre: Avarua, located on the island of Rarotonga.
✅Geography: Situated in Polynesia, Oceania, in the South Pacific Ocean.
Located northeast of New Zealand, between American Samoa and French Polynesia.
✅It comprises 15 islands, formed by volcanic activity, with a total land area of approximately 236.7 sq km.
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
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Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
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Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
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🔆 Distribution of Mineral Oil & Its Global Implications
(UPSC Mains GS1 – 2015 Topic Revisited)
📍 Uneven Global Distribution
✅ Major reserves in Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran), North America (USA, Canada), Russia, Venezuela
✅ Significant offshore deposits in Arctic, North Sea, and West Africa
📍 Geopolitical Tensions
✅ Oil-rich nations wield strategic influence
✅ Oil-importing nations face energy security risks
📍 Economic Impact
✅ Drives industrialization and trade
✅ Prone to market volatility due to demand-supply mismatch
📍 Environmental Costs
✅ Extraction leads to pollution, habitat destruction, climate change
✅ Combustion worsens global warming
📍 Energy Transition & Future Outlook
✅ Renewables rising, but oil remains indispensable
✅ Emphasizes need for sustainable management & equitable resource policies
#GS1 #EnergySecurity
(UPSC Mains GS1 – 2015 Topic Revisited)
📍 Uneven Global Distribution
✅ Major reserves in Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran), North America (USA, Canada), Russia, Venezuela
✅ Significant offshore deposits in Arctic, North Sea, and West Africa
📍 Geopolitical Tensions
✅ Oil-rich nations wield strategic influence
✅ Oil-importing nations face energy security risks
📍 Economic Impact
✅ Drives industrialization and trade
✅ Prone to market volatility due to demand-supply mismatch
📍 Environmental Costs
✅ Extraction leads to pollution, habitat destruction, climate change
✅ Combustion worsens global warming
📍 Energy Transition & Future Outlook
✅ Renewables rising, but oil remains indispensable
✅ Emphasizes need for sustainable management & equitable resource policies
#GS1 #EnergySecurity