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Round Table Conferences
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πŸ”† Significance and Applications of the Discovery

πŸ“ 1. Cellular Development
βœ… miRNAs are key for the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells.
βœ… Crucial for tissue and organ formation during embryonic development.

πŸ“ 2. Immune System Regulation
βœ… Controls both innate and adaptive immune responses.
βœ… Helps regulate immune-related proteins production.

πŸ“ 3. Cancer and Oncogenesis
βœ… Abnormal miRNA activity linked to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.
βœ… Involved in mutations causing:
β€’ Congenital hearing loss
β€’ Skeletal deformities
β€’ Eye-related genetic diseases

πŸ“ 4. Diagnostics and Therapeutics
βœ… miRNAs serve as biomarkers for cancer detection and other diseases.
βœ… Potential targets for drug development and personalized medicine.

#science_and_technology
πŸ”† Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS)

πŸ“ What is ADAS?
ADAS are digital systems in vehicles that assist drivers with tasks like navigation and parking.

πŸ“ How does it work?
βœ… Sensors, cameras, and radar are used to monitor the vehicle’s environment, enabling features like:
β€’ Automatic emergency braking
β€’ Forward collision warning
β€’ Blind spot collision warning
β€’ Lane-keeping assist
β€’ Adaptive cruise control

πŸ“ Objective:
βœ… The main goal is to reduce the frequency and impact of unavoidable vehicle accidents, thus preventing fatalities and injuries.

#science_and_technology
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πŸ”† Trade Policy For Viksit Bharat

πŸ“ About Trade Policy
βœ… Defines the nation’s framework of laws, regulations, agreements, and practices governing international trade.
βœ… Aims to strengthen the domestic economy through structured trade practices.
βœ… Growth Target: Exports to rise from $775 billion (2023-24) to $2 trillion by 2030.
βœ… This growth is three times faster than the global export pace.

πŸ“ Challenges to India’s Trade Policy
βœ… Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs): Domestic legal barriers hinder trade agreements.
βœ… Low Regional Integration: Trade with SAARC & BIMSTEC nations remains under 6%.
βœ… Weak Global Supply Chain Integration: Limits India’s role in global trade dominance.
βœ… Service Export Constraints: Restrictions under GATS limit flexibility.
βœ… EU’s CBAM Impact: Could hurt steel and cement exports.

πŸ“ Vision: Viksit Bharat 2047 aims to achieve economic growth, sustainability, social progress, and good governance.

#governance
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Ashokan Inscriptions


βœ…Major Rock Edicts
βœ…Minor Rock Edicts
βœ…Major Pillar Edicts
βœ…Minor Pillar Edicts
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The Extent of Human Land Use
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The Neelakurinji was listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2024
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G7: Evolution, Mechanism and Importance for India
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The Species Only Found in India
πŸ”† Mitochondrial Donation Treatment (MDT)
An advanced reproductive technique using healthy mitochondrial DNA from a donor to prevent transmission of mitochondrial diseases.

πŸ“Key Benefits
βœ… Prevents inherited diseases – avoids passing mitochondrial disorders.
βœ… Genetic continuity – retains parents’ nuclear DNA.
βœ… Supports same-sex couples – enables both partners to contribute genetically.
βœ… Reduces long-term healthcare costs.
βœ… Drives medical innovation – encourages research and new tech.
βœ… India status – currently not permitted.

πŸ“Key Concerns
βœ… Health risks to donors – egg retrieval is invasive.
βœ… Ethical dilemmas – child’s identity, psychological impacts.
βœ… Access inequality – risk of exploitation and elite monopoly.
βœ… Data gap – limited evidence on safety.
βœ… High cost – unaffordable for many.

πŸ“Way Forward
βœ… Need for regulatory body, ethical safeguards, and clinical trials before adoption.
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πŸ”† Implications of Ageing

πŸ“ Key Challenges
βœ… Shrinking workforce, slowing growth, and rising pension burden
βœ… Increased geriatric care demand and healthcare system stress
βœ… Breakdown of joint families, elder loneliness, and social insecurity
βœ… Need for reform in retirement age, pension systems, and re-skilling

πŸ“ Government Initiatives
βœ… National Policy for Older Persons (1999): Ensures rights-based welfare
βœ… MWPSC Act (2007): Mandates family support for elders
βœ… IPOP: Supports NGO-led elderly services
βœ… Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana: Assistive devices for BPL seniors
βœ… IGNOAPS: Monthly pensions for 60+ BPL citizens
βœ… Senior Citizens’ Welfare Fund: Uses unclaimed deposits for elder care

#social_issue #GS1 #GS2 #GS3

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πŸ”¬ Applications of Nanotechnology in Health & Medicine

πŸ“ Key Uses

βœ… Diagnostics
β€’ Early detection using nanocrystals (e.g., gold nanoparticles in COVID test kits).

βœ… Drug Delivery Systems
β€’ Nanoparticles target cancer cells (e.g., Abraxane).
β€’ Smart pills monitor and release drugs.
β€’ Nanorobots assist in surgery and precision delivery.

βœ… Regenerative Medicine
β€’ Tissue repair using nanoscaffolds.

βœ… Pharmaceuticals
β€’ Enhanced drug stability, bioavailability (e.g., nanocurcumin).

βœ… Nanofibres
β€’ Used in wound dressings (e.g., silver bandages for ulcers).
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πŸ”† Issues in Handling Left Wing Extremism/Naxalism

πŸ“ Operational & Strategic Challenges
βœ… Negligence of established Standard Operating Procedures (SOP): Leads to security personnel deaths.
➀ Example: In Jan 2025, Naxalites killed 8 DRG personnel + 1 driver in Bijapur, Chhattisgarh.
➀ Insufficient intelligence backup

βœ… Structural deficits and deficiencies: IPS officers posted to senior CRPF roles without field experience.

βœ… Laundering of funds: Naxal leaders (esp. Bihar, Jharkhand) invest extorted money in movable & immovable properties.

βœ… Inefficient technology: Current tech can’t detect deep-planted minesβ€”leads to casualties.

βœ… Complex locations: Dense forests & hilly terrain make operations harder.

βœ… Delay in acquisition of technology: Out of 157 sanctioned MPVs, only 13 delivered to CAPFs by Ordnance Factory Board.

βœ… Unfamiliar area: Central Forces lack local language & terrain knowledgeβ€”limits effectiveness.

#security

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❀6
πŸ”† India’s Demographic Dividend

πŸ“ Key Facts
βœ… The term β€œDemographic Dividend” describes economic expansion due to a distribution shift of the population’s age.

βœ… India currently has 62.5% of its population between the ages of 15 and 59. This percentage is steadily rising and will reach its peak around 2036 (65%).

βœ… Demographic dividend availability began in 2005–2006 and will continue until 2055–2056.

βœ… The Economic Survey 2018–19 predicts that India’s Demographic Dividend will reach its peak around 2041 when 59% of the population will be of working age, or 20–59 years old.

βœ… India has one of the youngest populations with a median age of just 28 years, compared to China (37 years), Western Europe (45 years), and Japan (49 years).

βœ… Bulge in working-age population: India’s working-age population (15–64 years) has grown larger than the dependent population (below 14 and above 65 years) since 2018. This bulge is expected to last till 2055. (UNFPA Report)

#society
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2025/07/10 13:50:44
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