π Significance and Applications of the Discovery
π 1. Cellular Development
β miRNAs are key for the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells.
β Crucial for tissue and organ formation during embryonic development.
π 2. Immune System Regulation
β Controls both innate and adaptive immune responses.
β Helps regulate immune-related proteins production.
π 3. Cancer and Oncogenesis
β Abnormal miRNA activity linked to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.
β Involved in mutations causing:
β’ Congenital hearing loss
β’ Skeletal deformities
β’ Eye-related genetic diseases
π 4. Diagnostics and Therapeutics
β miRNAs serve as biomarkers for cancer detection and other diseases.
β Potential targets for drug development and personalized medicine.
#science_and_technology
π 1. Cellular Development
β miRNAs are key for the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells.
β Crucial for tissue and organ formation during embryonic development.
π 2. Immune System Regulation
β Controls both innate and adaptive immune responses.
β Helps regulate immune-related proteins production.
π 3. Cancer and Oncogenesis
β Abnormal miRNA activity linked to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation.
β Involved in mutations causing:
β’ Congenital hearing loss
β’ Skeletal deformities
β’ Eye-related genetic diseases
π 4. Diagnostics and Therapeutics
β miRNAs serve as biomarkers for cancer detection and other diseases.
β Potential targets for drug development and personalized medicine.
#science_and_technology
π Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS)
π What is ADAS?
ADAS are digital systems in vehicles that assist drivers with tasks like navigation and parking.
π How does it work?
β Sensors, cameras, and radar are used to monitor the vehicleβs environment, enabling features like:
β’ Automatic emergency braking
β’ Forward collision warning
β’ Blind spot collision warning
β’ Lane-keeping assist
β’ Adaptive cruise control
π Objective:
β The main goal is to reduce the frequency and impact of unavoidable vehicle accidents, thus preventing fatalities and injuries.
#science_and_technology
π What is ADAS?
ADAS are digital systems in vehicles that assist drivers with tasks like navigation and parking.
π How does it work?
β Sensors, cameras, and radar are used to monitor the vehicleβs environment, enabling features like:
β’ Automatic emergency braking
β’ Forward collision warning
β’ Blind spot collision warning
β’ Lane-keeping assist
β’ Adaptive cruise control
π Objective:
β The main goal is to reduce the frequency and impact of unavoidable vehicle accidents, thus preventing fatalities and injuries.
#science_and_technology
β€2
π Trade Policy For Viksit Bharat
π About Trade Policy
β Defines the nationβs framework of laws, regulations, agreements, and practices governing international trade.
β Aims to strengthen the domestic economy through structured trade practices.
β Growth Target: Exports to rise from $775 billion (2023-24) to $2 trillion by 2030.
β This growth is three times faster than the global export pace.
π Challenges to Indiaβs Trade Policy
β Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs): Domestic legal barriers hinder trade agreements.
β Low Regional Integration: Trade with SAARC & BIMSTEC nations remains under 6%.
β Weak Global Supply Chain Integration: Limits Indiaβs role in global trade dominance.
β Service Export Constraints: Restrictions under GATS limit flexibility.
β EUβs CBAM Impact: Could hurt steel and cement exports.
π Vision: Viksit Bharat 2047 aims to achieve economic growth, sustainability, social progress, and good governance.
#governance
π About Trade Policy
β Defines the nationβs framework of laws, regulations, agreements, and practices governing international trade.
β Aims to strengthen the domestic economy through structured trade practices.
β Growth Target: Exports to rise from $775 billion (2023-24) to $2 trillion by 2030.
β This growth is three times faster than the global export pace.
π Challenges to Indiaβs Trade Policy
β Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs): Domestic legal barriers hinder trade agreements.
β Low Regional Integration: Trade with SAARC & BIMSTEC nations remains under 6%.
β Weak Global Supply Chain Integration: Limits Indiaβs role in global trade dominance.
β Service Export Constraints: Restrictions under GATS limit flexibility.
β EUβs CBAM Impact: Could hurt steel and cement exports.
π Vision: Viksit Bharat 2047 aims to achieve economic growth, sustainability, social progress, and good governance.
#governance
β€3
Ashokan Inscriptions
Please open Telegram to view this post
VIEW IN TELEGRAM
β€1
π Mitochondrial Donation Treatment (MDT)
An advanced reproductive technique using healthy mitochondrial DNA from a donor to prevent transmission of mitochondrial diseases.
πKey Benefits
β Prevents inherited diseases β avoids passing mitochondrial disorders.
β Genetic continuity β retains parentsβ nuclear DNA.
β Supports same-sex couples β enables both partners to contribute genetically.
β Reduces long-term healthcare costs.
β Drives medical innovation β encourages research and new tech.
β India status β currently not permitted.
πKey Concerns
β Health risks to donors β egg retrieval is invasive.
β Ethical dilemmas β childβs identity, psychological impacts.
β Access inequality β risk of exploitation and elite monopoly.
β Data gap β limited evidence on safety.
β High cost β unaffordable for many.
πWay Forward
β Need for regulatory body, ethical safeguards, and clinical trials before adoption.
An advanced reproductive technique using healthy mitochondrial DNA from a donor to prevent transmission of mitochondrial diseases.
πKey Benefits
β Prevents inherited diseases β avoids passing mitochondrial disorders.
β Genetic continuity β retains parentsβ nuclear DNA.
β Supports same-sex couples β enables both partners to contribute genetically.
β Reduces long-term healthcare costs.
β Drives medical innovation β encourages research and new tech.
β India status β currently not permitted.
πKey Concerns
β Health risks to donors β egg retrieval is invasive.
β Ethical dilemmas β childβs identity, psychological impacts.
β Access inequality β risk of exploitation and elite monopoly.
β Data gap β limited evidence on safety.
β High cost β unaffordable for many.
πWay Forward
β Need for regulatory body, ethical safeguards, and clinical trials before adoption.
β€7
π Implications of Ageing
π Key Challenges
β Shrinking workforce, slowing growth, and rising pension burden
β Increased geriatric care demand and healthcare system stress
β Breakdown of joint families, elder loneliness, and social insecurity
β Need for reform in retirement age, pension systems, and re-skilling
π Government Initiatives
β National Policy for Older Persons (1999): Ensures rights-based welfare
β MWPSC Act (2007): Mandates family support for elders
β IPOP: Supports NGO-led elderly services
β Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana: Assistive devices for BPL seniors
β IGNOAPS: Monthly pensions for 60+ BPL citizens
β Senior Citizensβ Welfare Fund: Uses unclaimed deposits for elder care
#social_issue #GS1 #GS2 #GS3
https://www.tg-me.com/Mindmaps_4_upsc
π Key Challenges
β Shrinking workforce, slowing growth, and rising pension burden
β Increased geriatric care demand and healthcare system stress
β Breakdown of joint families, elder loneliness, and social insecurity
β Need for reform in retirement age, pension systems, and re-skilling
π Government Initiatives
β National Policy for Older Persons (1999): Ensures rights-based welfare
β MWPSC Act (2007): Mandates family support for elders
β IPOP: Supports NGO-led elderly services
β Rashtriya Vayoshri Yojana: Assistive devices for BPL seniors
β IGNOAPS: Monthly pensions for 60+ BPL citizens
β Senior Citizensβ Welfare Fund: Uses unclaimed deposits for elder care
#social_issue #GS1 #GS2 #GS3
https://www.tg-me.com/Mindmaps_4_upsc
π1
π¬ Applications of Nanotechnology in Health & Medicine
π Key Uses
β Diagnostics
β’ Early detection using nanocrystals (e.g., gold nanoparticles in COVID test kits).
β Drug Delivery Systems
β’ Nanoparticles target cancer cells (e.g., Abraxane).
β’ Smart pills monitor and release drugs.
β’ Nanorobots assist in surgery and precision delivery.
β Regenerative Medicine
β’ Tissue repair using nanoscaffolds.
β Pharmaceuticals
β’ Enhanced drug stability, bioavailability (e.g., nanocurcumin).
β Nanofibres
β’ Used in wound dressings (e.g., silver bandages for ulcers).
π Key Uses
β Diagnostics
β’ Early detection using nanocrystals (e.g., gold nanoparticles in COVID test kits).
β Drug Delivery Systems
β’ Nanoparticles target cancer cells (e.g., Abraxane).
β’ Smart pills monitor and release drugs.
β’ Nanorobots assist in surgery and precision delivery.
β Regenerative Medicine
β’ Tissue repair using nanoscaffolds.
β Pharmaceuticals
β’ Enhanced drug stability, bioavailability (e.g., nanocurcumin).
β Nanofibres
β’ Used in wound dressings (e.g., silver bandages for ulcers).
β€6
π Issues in Handling Left Wing Extremism/Naxalism
π Operational & Strategic Challenges
β Negligence of established Standard Operating Procedures (SOP): Leads to security personnel deaths.
β€ Example: In Jan 2025, Naxalites killed 8 DRG personnel + 1 driver in Bijapur, Chhattisgarh.
β€ Insufficient intelligence backup
β Structural deficits and deficiencies: IPS officers posted to senior CRPF roles without field experience.
β Laundering of funds: Naxal leaders (esp. Bihar, Jharkhand) invest extorted money in movable & immovable properties.
β Inefficient technology: Current tech canβt detect deep-planted minesβleads to casualties.
β Complex locations: Dense forests & hilly terrain make operations harder.
β Delay in acquisition of technology: Out of 157 sanctioned MPVs, only 13 delivered to CAPFs by Ordnance Factory Board.
β Unfamiliar area: Central Forces lack local language & terrain knowledgeβlimits effectiveness.
#security
Join https://www.tg-me.com/Mindmaps_4_upsc
π Operational & Strategic Challenges
β Negligence of established Standard Operating Procedures (SOP): Leads to security personnel deaths.
β€ Example: In Jan 2025, Naxalites killed 8 DRG personnel + 1 driver in Bijapur, Chhattisgarh.
β€ Insufficient intelligence backup
β Structural deficits and deficiencies: IPS officers posted to senior CRPF roles without field experience.
β Laundering of funds: Naxal leaders (esp. Bihar, Jharkhand) invest extorted money in movable & immovable properties.
β Inefficient technology: Current tech canβt detect deep-planted minesβleads to casualties.
β Complex locations: Dense forests & hilly terrain make operations harder.
β Delay in acquisition of technology: Out of 157 sanctioned MPVs, only 13 delivered to CAPFs by Ordnance Factory Board.
β Unfamiliar area: Central Forces lack local language & terrain knowledgeβlimits effectiveness.
#security
Join https://www.tg-me.com/Mindmaps_4_upsc
β€6
π Indiaβs Demographic Dividend
π Key Facts
β The term βDemographic Dividendβ describes economic expansion due to a distribution shift of the populationβs age.
β India currently has 62.5% of its population between the ages of 15 and 59. This percentage is steadily rising and will reach its peak around 2036 (65%).
β Demographic dividend availability began in 2005β2006 and will continue until 2055β2056.
β The Economic Survey 2018β19 predicts that Indiaβs Demographic Dividend will reach its peak around 2041 when 59% of the population will be of working age, or 20β59 years old.
β India has one of the youngest populations with a median age of just 28 years, compared to China (37 years), Western Europe (45 years), and Japan (49 years).
β Bulge in working-age population: Indiaβs working-age population (15β64 years) has grown larger than the dependent population (below 14 and above 65 years) since 2018. This bulge is expected to last till 2055. (UNFPA Report)
#society
π Key Facts
β The term βDemographic Dividendβ describes economic expansion due to a distribution shift of the populationβs age.
β India currently has 62.5% of its population between the ages of 15 and 59. This percentage is steadily rising and will reach its peak around 2036 (65%).
β Demographic dividend availability began in 2005β2006 and will continue until 2055β2056.
β The Economic Survey 2018β19 predicts that Indiaβs Demographic Dividend will reach its peak around 2041 when 59% of the population will be of working age, or 20β59 years old.
β India has one of the youngest populations with a median age of just 28 years, compared to China (37 years), Western Europe (45 years), and Japan (49 years).
β Bulge in working-age population: Indiaβs working-age population (15β64 years) has grown larger than the dependent population (below 14 and above 65 years) since 2018. This bulge is expected to last till 2055. (UNFPA Report)
#society
β€5π€1