Correct Answer - C
Ans. C. Acetylcholine
Nerve supply of sweat gland is unique in that it k sympathetic but
cholinergic (most other sympathetic sites are noradrenergic)

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Correct Answer - A
Ans. is 'a' i.e., ADH
(principles of medical physiology p. 573)

Blood pressure is regulated by following mechanisms.

Short term regulation
These mechanisms act immediately and correct the blood pressure
quickly.

These are :-
1. Baroreceptor reflex: Works during Bp range 70-150 mmHg
2. Chemoreceptor reflex - Works when Bp below 80 mmHg.
3. CNS ischemic response : This the only hope of survival when BP is below 40 mmHg.

Hormonal release : These are -
1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) : Increases water reabsorption in
kidney.
2. Angiotensin II: Causes vasoconstriction.

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Correct Answer - B
Ans:B. Aquaporin 2

Principal cells of collecting duct contain a regulated system of water channels antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also called arginine
vasopressin, AVP).

ADH controls permeability of these cells to water by regulating
insertion of pre-formed water channels (aquaporin-2, AQP2) into
apical membrane.

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Correct Answer - B
Ans. B. Muscle tone maintenance
[Ref Understanding of medical physiology p.138]
If a skeletal muscle is stretched, it respond by contracting.
In other words, if a muscle is stretched, it tends to become shorter and more stiff, thereby resisting stretch.

This is because of receptor sensitive to stretch within the muscle.
Stretch receptor within a muscle is called "muscle spindles".
Stretch reflex has two principal functions:

1) To maintain muscle tone
Tone is a tendency of a muscle to resist being stretched.
Muscle tone is not only important for maintaining posture but also
facilitates locomotion and makes all voluntary movement smooth.
2) To make muscles respond to stretch and release.

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Correct Answer - B
Ans. B. Early morning
[Ref Textbook of clinical endocrinology p. 78]

The secretion of ACTH and consequently that of cortisol follows a circadian rhythm due to hypothalamic (Suprachiasmatic nucleus) control.

ACTH secretion is minimum during night and maximum early in the
morning (6-8 am).

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Correct Answer - C
Ans. C. GLUT-4
[Ref Principles of medical physiology p.790]

GLUT-4 is responsible for facilitating the transport of glucose into the cells in response to insulin.

For this reason, mutation in GLUT-4 have been associated with type
2 diabetes.

The GLUT-4 gene is located on short arm of chromosome 17
(17p13).

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Correct Answer - A
Ans. A. Bile salts

Bile (Major constituent bile salts) is absorbed in terminal ileum.

Iron and calcium are absorbed in duodenum.

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Correct Answer - D
Ans. D. Cell membrane damage
[Ref: Clinical physiology 24th/e p.222]

Electromyography is a process of recording electrical activity of
muscles.

It can be done by either of the two methods:
1. By putting a surface electrode and recording activity of underlying
muscle.
2. By inserting a needle electrode into the muscle.

There are there types of signals (by needle electrode) : -
i) Insertional activity:
It is the electrical activity at the time of insertion of electrode due to disruption of cell membrane.
This should be ignored.
ii) Resting activity (spontaneous activity).
iii) Voluntary muscle recruitment.


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Correct Answer - B
Ans. B. Submucosal plexus

Myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) - External plexus.
Meissner's plexus (submucosal plexus) - Inner plexus.

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Correct Answer - D
Ans. D.Prolactin
Galactokinesis
Also called milk ejection or milk letdovn.

It is brought about by oxytocin which stimulates contraction of the myoepithelial cells in the mammary alveoli and ducts

ie.contraction of lactiferous ducts and sinuses.

Oxytocin s released when the nipple is stimulated during suckling.

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