Registrar General of India

Registrar General of India was founded in 1961 by the Government of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs.

It arranges, conducts and analyses the results of the demographic surveys of India including Census of India and Linguistic Survey of India.

The position of Registrar is usually held by a civil servant holding the rank of Joint Secretary.

Civil Registration System (CRS) in India is the unified process of continuous, permanent, compulsory and universal recording of the vital events (births, deaths, stillbirths) and characteristics thereof. The data generated through a complete and up-to-date CRS is essential for socio-economic planning.

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Medieval India

Amils– Revenue officers

Arz-i-mamalik– Minister in-charge of the army of the whole country.

Ahl-i-qalam– Reporter

Baqqal– Trader, grain-dealer

Batai– Division of crop between the cultivator and landlord or the government, payments may be in

kind or cash

Barid- An intelligence officer appointed by the state to collect information

Chachar– Land out of cultivation for 3-4 years.

Chaauth or Chauthaai– One-fourth of the land revenue, originally a Zamindari charge in Gujrat demanded by Shivaji as a war expense.

Charai– A tax on cattle.

Dagh System– A system of branding of horses and animal.

Dam- A copper coin considered as 1/40* the silver rupee for the official purposes.

Dastur-al-amal- Rule book

Dhimmi-  A non-Muslim client or subject

Darul Mulk- Capital

Gumashta- An agent or representative

Hamam– A room for the bath of hot and cold water

Hundi- A bill of exchange

Jamabandi– Settlement of the amount of revenue assessed upon an estate or district

Jarib– A measurement, land measurement or survey

Jihat– Extra cesses

Jizya– (a) In the literature of Delhi sultanate, any tax which is not kharaj or land tax

(b) In the Shariat, a personal and yearly tax on non-Muslims.

Kankut– Estimation of land revenue

Karori– A revenue officer.

Khiraj– Land revenue

Mahal- A group of land regarded as a unit for land revenue purposes.

Mansab– A military rank conferred by the Mughal emperor.

Mauza- Revenue term for village

Mokasa- Grant of land for military service, rent-free land.

Nabud– Remission of land revenue on account of natural disasters.

Paibaqi- Land reserved for allotment in jagir

Polaj- Land continuously in cultivation

Sarrafs– Money Chargers, bankers

Saurghal-Rent-free land

Taqavi- Advance of money for sowing or extending cultivation

Upari- Temporary occupant; tenant at will.

Usar- Barren land

Zawabit- Secular laws

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#Early_morning_revision

Pre- Revision:

It might look like flood of information. But I will suggest you, please not down these facts, and revice it once before you go to bed.

This will 100% help you to arrive at right option on D- Day.

Only filtered content is provided by Pratap Sir. All the best. Happy learning.

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The #Central_Zoo_Authority (CZA) is a statutory body under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. It was constituted in 1992 under the Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972.

The Authority consists of
Union Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change as
Chairperson, ten members and a Member Secretary.

Functions of CZA: Evaluate and assess the functioning of the zoos with respect to the prescribed standards or norms;
To recognize or derecognize
zoos;
To identify endangered species
of wild animals for purposes of
captive breeding and assigning
responsibility in this regard to a zoo; To coordinate the acquisition, exchange and loaning of animals for breeding purpose;
To provide technical and other assistance to zoos for their proper management and development on scientific lines.

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#Neutrinos

Detected for the first time in 1959, neutrinos are the second most abundant particles in the world, after photons, or the light particle.

Neutrinos are subatomic fundamental particles, with no charge and little or zero mass that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity.

Neutrinos are created by various radioactive decays; during a supernova, by cosmic rays striking atoms etc.

•However recent experiments indicate that these charge-neutral fundamental particles have finite but small mass which is unknown. Also, different species (or flavours ) of neutrinos seem to mix and oscillate into one another as they traverse through the cosmos.

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#Komodo_Dragon

•IUCN Status: Vulnerable
•CITES: Appendix I
•Scientific Name: Varanus komodoensis.

•Komodo dragons are the largest and heaviest lizards on Earth. They have long, flat heads with rounded snouts, scaly skin, bowed legs, and huge, muscular tails.

•Komodo dragons can eat almost anything, including invertebrates, birds, and mammals like deer, pigs, and even large water buffalo.

•They have venom glands loaded with toxins which have been shown to secrete anticoagulants.
√An anticoagulant is a compound which prevents the victim's blood from clotting, causing it to bleed to death.
√The venom lowers blood pressure, causes massive bleeding, and induces shock.

•Habitat:
√Komodo dragons have thrived in the harsh climate of Indonesia's Lesser Sunda Islands for millions of years. They prefer the islands’ tropical forests but can be found across the islands.
√Komodo National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is situated in the Island of Komodo (eastern Indonesia) and is the only habitat for this lizard species.

•Threats:
√Anthropogenic factors.
√Small size of population, less prey and higher inbreeding factors.
√Climate change is likely to cause a sharp decline in the availability of habitat, reducing their populations even further.

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#First Buddhist Council

Venue: In Sattaparnaguha Cave situated outside Rajgriha (the modern city of Rajgir).

Year: 486 BC.

King: Ajatasatru, son of King Bimbisara (Haryanka Dynasty).

Presiding Priest: Venerable Maha Kasyapa with 500 monks.

Took place 3 months after the Buddha’s Passing.

The First Buddhist Council collected together and arranged the Buddhist Scriptures known as the Pali Tipitaka.

Resulted in:

Vinaya Pitaka which mainly contains the rules of the Buddhist order. This was recited by Upali.

Suttapitaka was recited by Ananda. It contains the great collections of Buddha’s sermons on matters of doctrine and ethical beliefs.

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#Second Buddhist Council

Venue: Vaishali.

Year: 386 BC

King: Kalasoka (Shisunaga Dynasty).
Presiding Priest: Sabakami.

Took place 100 years after the Buddha’s passing.

In order to settle a serious dispute on Vinaya.

The dispute arose over the ‘Ten Points.’

This is a reference to claims of some monks breaking ten rules, some of which were considered major.

The specific ten points were:
•Storing salt in a horn.
•Eating after midday.
•Eating once and then going again to a village for alms.
•Holding the Uposatha Ceremony with monks dwelling in the same locality.
•Carrying out official acts when the assembly was incomplete.
•Following a certain practice because it was done by one’s tutor or teacher.
•Eating sour milk after one had his midday meal.
•Consuming a strong drink before it had been fermented.
•Using a rug which was not the proper size.
•Using gold and silver.

The key issue was the use of ‘gold and silver’, which is an Indic idiom that includes any kind of money.

Resulted in:

There split of the Buddhist order into Sthaviravadinis(Theravada) and Mahasanghikas. The split was over small points of monastic discipline.

The Second Buddhist Council made the unanimous decision not to relax any of the rules and censured the behaviour of the monks who were accused of violating the ten points

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Please complete the 4 videos of ESI that we already recorded in Feb. We will be finishing this series for Volume 1 by Tuesday - Starting today..
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLXKNhxEsVhFvhbssOyrTN_E10ZKAJpgyF

#Rice:

Geographical Conditions of Growth:
Rice grows best in areas of warm, humid climate; rice requires temperatures between 20°C and 35°C and a well-distributed rainfall of about 100 cm or irrigation facilities.

Fertile soil. Delta and valley soils are the most suitable. Soils with higher clay content are preferred for its cultivation due to their better moisture retention capacity.

Important Producing Areas:
West Bengal (highest producer), Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Punjab (highest per hectare yield), Bihar, Orissa, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Tamil Nadu, Haryana.

About 25% of the arable land is used for the cultivation of rice.

On the basis of climatic conditions, three varieties of rice are found in India:
•Winter/ Agahani/ Aman – Planted in July-August and harvested in October-December. 86% of the total rice cultivation comes under this variety.
•Autumnal/ Kuari/Aus – Sown in May-June and harvested in September – October.
•Summer/Boro – It is sown in November – December and harvested in March-April. It is grown on 1% of the total rice area.

All the above mentioned 3 varieties (aman, aus, boro) are grown in West Bengal and Assam.

Important varieties: IR-8, Jaya, Padma, Hamsa, Krishna, Sabarmati, and IET 1039.
India is the 2nd largest producer in the world after China.

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#Wheat

Geographical Conditions of Growth:
It is a crop of temperate climate. The ideal temperature for its cultivation is about 15°-20°C and requires a moderate amount of rainfall of 25-75 cms. It can be grown in the drier areas with the help of irrigation.
Well drained loamy and clayey soils are ideal.

Important Producing Areas:
Wheat is cultivated on about 14% of the total arable area of the country.
There are two important wheat producing zones in the country – the Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-west and the black soil region in the Deccan.
In north India, wheat is sown in October – November and harvested in March – April. In south India, it is sown in September-October and harvested in December – January. Wheat takes lesser time in ripening in south India than that in the north because of hotter climatic conditions in the south.

Uttar Pradesh (highest producer), Punjab (highest yield per hectare), Madhya Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Uttarakhand.

Important varieties: Sonalika, Kalyan, Sona, Sabarmati, Lerma, Roso, Heera, Shera, Sonara-64.

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Sociology optional UPSC Group (Nishat Sir)
Manifesto :

🏵️Discuss current affairs relevant to Sociology from sources like TheHindu, Indian Express, LiveMint and EPW
🏵️Socio-Shots (concept booster) will be shared every Sunday.

Kindly don't spam.

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