Un poco de historia sobre la noche de San Juan.

http://www.spanishcoursessalamanca.com/en/spanish-traditions-en/tradicion-de-la-noche-de-san-juan/

📖 The gender of Spanish nouns
In Spanish, nouns and articles can be masculine or feminine. This is called gender. In most dictionaries, masculine nouns are often marked by the abbreviation m. and feminine nouns by the abbreviation f. However, most of the time you can tell whether a noun is masculine or feminine by its last letters, or by its meaning. Here are a few hints.
🔹Usually, when the last letter of a noun is -o it is masculine, and when the last letter is -a it is feminine:
🇪🇸 el libro 🇬🇧 the book
🇪🇸 el auto 🇬🇧 the car
🇪🇸 el niño 🇬🇧 the boy (child)
🇪🇸 la casa 🇬🇧 the house
🇪🇸 la bicicleta 🇬🇧 the bicycle
🇪🇸 la niña 🇬🇧 the girl (child)
There are some exceptions, though, such as la mano (the hand), el mapa (the map), el día (the day) and el poeta (the poet)
🔹When the last letters of a noun are -ón, -án, -or, -ar, -er, -ema, -al it is usually masculine:
🇪🇸 el avión 🇬🇧 the plane
🇪🇸 el volcán 🇬🇧 the volcano
🇪🇸 el actor 🇬🇧 the actor
🇪🇸 el hogar 🇬🇧 the home
🇪🇸 el escáner 🇬🇧 the scanner
🇪🇸 el tema 🇬🇧 the theme
🇪🇸 el canal 🇬🇧 the channel
Exception: la moral (the moral)
🔹When the last letters of a noun are -ión, -ad, -ud, -eza, -iz it is feminine:
🇪🇸 la canción 🇬🇧 the song
🇪🇸 la ciudad 🇬🇧 the city
🇪🇸 la solicitud 🇬🇧 the request
🇪🇸 la belleza 🇬🇧 the beauty
🇪🇸 la actriz 🇬🇧 the actress

🔹Some nouns are masculine or feminine by their meanings, for example:
🇪🇸 el hombre 🇬🇧 the man
🇪🇸 la mujer 🇬🇧 the woman / the wife
🇪🇸 el marido 🇬🇧 the husband
🇪🇸 el padre 🇬🇧 the father
🇪🇸 la madre 🇬🇧 the mother
🔹Talking about jobs, if the last letters of a noun are -ante, -ista it can be masculine or feminine depending on the person:
🇪🇸 el cantante 🇬🇧 the (male) singer
🇪🇸 la cantante 🇬🇧 the (female) singer
🇪🇸 el periodista 🇬🇧 the (male) journalist
🇪🇸 la periodista 🇬🇧 the (female) journalist
🔹Some feminine nouns require a masculine article in singular, but a feminine article in plural:
🇪🇸 el agua 🇬🇧 the water
🇪🇸 las aguas 🇬🇧 the waters
🇪🇸 el águila 🇬🇧 the eagle
🇪🇸 las águilas 🇬🇧 the eagles
🔹For other nouns, it is necessary to learn their gender by heart:
🇪🇸el coche 🇬🇧 the car
🇪🇸la noche 🇬🇧 the night
🇪🇸el lápiz 🇬🇧 the pencil
🇪🇸el papel 🇬🇧 the paper
🇪🇸la mente 🇬🇧 the mind
🇪🇸el árbol 🇬🇧 the tree

📖 The greetings in Spanish
🇪🇸 ¡Hola! 🇬🇧 Hello! / Hi!
🇪🇸 ¡Buenos días! 🇬🇧 Good morning!
🇪🇸 ¡Buenas tardes 🇬🇧 Good afternoon!
🇪🇸 ¡Buenas noches! 🇬🇧 Good evening/night!
🇪🇸 ¡Adiós! 🇬🇧 Goodbye!
🇪🇸 ¡Chao! 🇦🇷 ¡Chau! 🇬🇧 Bye!
🇪🇸 ¡Nos vemos! 🇬🇧 See you (later)!
🇪🇸 ¡Hasta pronto! 🇬🇧 See you soon!
🇪🇸 ¡Hasta luego! 🇬🇧 So long!
🇪🇸 ¡Hasta mañana! 🇬🇧 See you tomorrow!
🇪🇸 ¡Hasta la próxima! 🇬🇧 Until next time!
🇪🇸 ¡Hasta el lunes! 🇬🇧 Until Monday!
🔹The Spanish word for “welcome” can change according to gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural):
🇪🇸 Bienvenidos, damas y caballeros.
🇬🇧 Welcome, ladies and gentlemen.
🇪🇸 Bienvenido, señor. Bienvenida, señora.
🇬🇧 Welcome, sir. Welcome, madam.
🇪🇸 Bienvenidos, muchachos.
🇬🇧 Welcome, boys.
🇪🇸 Bienvenidas, chicas.
🇬🇧 Welcome, girls.
🔹Ways of saying until next + period of time:
🇪🇸 Hasta la próxima semana
🇪🇸 Hasta la semana que viene
🇬🇧 Until next week
🇪🇸 Hasta el próximo mes
🇪🇸 Hasta el mes que viene
🇬🇧 Until next month
🇪🇸 Hasta el próximo año
🇪🇸 Hasta el año que viene
🇬🇧 Until next year