💬 "I saw him check the landing gear."
⠀
Simple? Yes.
Useful? Absolutely.
Such structures are essential for pilots and controllers? 💯

In Aviation English, we often describe what we witnessed and that’s where this structure appears:

✅ I saw him lower the landing gear.
✅ We heard the captain make the  announcement.
✅ They watched the aircraft touch down smoothly.

What structure is it?  
Why don't we use TO between two words?       

This is called the Complex Object with the bare infinitive . It is used after perception verbs (see, hear, watch, notice, feel) and make( in the meaning of "force"), let.


I saw him land the plane.
(Я видел, как он посадил самолёт.)


She heard the engine start.
(Она слышала, как завёлся двигатель).                                         
⠀

We heard the captain call for the fire brigade.
(Мы услышали, как командир вызвал пожарную бригаду.)

They watched the ground crew connect the GPU.
(Они наблюдали, как наземный персонал подключал внешний источник питания.)

I felt the aircraft drop suddenly.
(Я почувствовал, как самолёт резко снизился.)

The instructor made us repeat the evacuation drill.
(Инструктор заставил нас повторить тренировку по эвакуации.)

The controller let us continue the approach.
(Диспетчер разрешил нам продолжить заход на посадку.)

We saw the gear doors close after retraction.
(Мы увидели, как створки шасси закрылись после уборки.)

They heard the engine fail right after takeoff.
(Они услышали, как двигатель отказал сразу после взлёта.)


The captain let the co-pilot taxi to the runway.
(Капитан позволил второму пилоту рулить к ВПП.)

You "ON" the Plane or "IN" the Plane? Let's Clear the Air! ✈️
This is a common tricky point for English learners!

Do you say you're "on the plane" or "in the plane"?

The short answer is: "ON the plane."


We use ON with all the forms of public transport where you can stand up and move around.

"I'm on the bus."
"We were on the train for hours."
"I'm so excited! I'm finally on the plane heading to Paris!"
"Is the flight attendant still on the plane?"
"Please turn off your electronic devices once you are on the plane."
"He had a layover, so he was on two different planes today."

BUT!!!
Sometimes "IN" is possible.  "In the plane" means  you’re physically inside the structure of the plane.
It is used when  we  we talk about the interior of a plane or technical context.

For example,
"The engineers found a loose wire in the plane."
"There was smoke in the plane during taxi."
"The oxygen levels in the plane dropped suddenly."

So,

❌ Avoid: "I am in the plane right now."
✅ Use: "I am on the plane right now."

Word of the Day: SORTIE

🛫 Not just a fancy word – it's real aviation lingo! ( настоящее авиационное выражение)    

A sortie (боевой вылет) is a  flight mission by a military aircraft.( военный вылет)
It can be for combat ( боевой), training( учебный), or reconnaissance( разведывательный).


F16 completed four sorties before sunset.(F16 выполнил четыре вылета до захода солнца).

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Hello.Today, let's talk about a grammatical structure: "might have happened." ( возможно это произошло) It is the 5 (or the 6 level) level structure.

This isn't just a simple past tense. It expresses possibility or speculation about an event that occurred (or may be didn't occur) in the past. And we are not certain about it.

The Structure:
Modal Verb (might) + Have + Past Participle (V3)

What does it mean?
When you use "might have happened," you show:

1) uncertainty: You're not 100% sure.

2) possibility in the Past: It was possible that this event took place.

3) speculation: You are  guessing about a past situation.




Let's look at some examples:

"The engine might have stalled."  ( Возможно, двигатель заглох.)

"The bird strike might have happened right after takeoff." (Столкновение с птицей, возможно, произошло сразу после взлета.)

"The oil leak might have happened from a loose fitting." (Утечка масла, возможно, произошла из-за неплотного соединения

What might have happened to the plane?

Write in the comments below👇👇👇

Hello) Let's consider another English structure: "must have done". (the 5/the 6th level phrase)

It expresses a high degree of certainty or logical deduction regarding an event that occurred in the past.

The structure is

Modal Verb (must) + Have + Past Participle II

When you use "must have done," you mean that you are nearly 100% sure that the event happened taking into account the circumstances.



"The aircraft must have experienced a severe downdraft. There was a sudden altitude loss."
(Самолет, должно быть, испытал сильный нисходящий поток. Была зафиксирована внезапная потеря высоты.)



"The hydraulic leak must have started earlier in the flight because the fuel tanker is almost empty now."
(Утечка гидравлики, должно быть, началась раньше в полете. Бак сейчас почти пуст.)    

P.S. In the previous post we discussed  "might have done". 
Consider the difference:
📕-"might have happened" ( возможно, это произошло). We are not sure that it happened.

📕 "must have happened" (должно быть, это произошло) . We are almost sure that it happened.

What must have happened here? Write down in the comments. Use the phrase "must have done"