Forwarded from Ikhtibar - إختبار
Concerning nicotine carcinogenicity, the carcinogenicity of nicotine is due to ?
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣
Anonymous Quiz
8%
a. Nicotine itself
3%
b. Its metabolite nicotine nitrate
74%
c. Its metabolite N-nitroso-nor nicotine
5%
d. Its metabolite nor-nicotine
11%
e. Its metabolite N-methyl nor nicotine
Forwarded from Ikhtibar - إختبار
Properties of alkaloids, Alkaloidal salt which is not affected by hydroxide ion ?
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
Anonymous Quiz
8%
a. secondary alkaloids
8%
b. primary alkaloids
19%
c. tertiary alkaloids
42%
d. quaternary alkaloids
22%
e. All of the above
Forwarded from Ikhtibar - إختبار
True, proto and pseudo alkaloids are types of alkaloids according to Hegnaure classification, The example of each type of these alkaloids in the same order are ?
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
Anonymous Quiz
17%
a. Caffeine, Ephedrine, Atropine.
19%
b. Ephedrine, Atropine, Caffeine.
17%
c. Caffeine, Atropine, Ephedrine.
19%
d. Atropine, Caffeine, Ephedrine.
28%
e.Atropine, Ephedrine, Caffeine.
Forwarded from Ikhtibar - إختبار
One of the following alkaloids is a pyridine-pyrolidine derivative ?
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
Anonymous Quiz
11%
a. arecoline
7%
b. lobeline
13%
c. atropine
18%
d. piperine
51%
e. Nicotine
Forwarded from Ikhtibar - إختبار
Dragendorff's chemical test for alkaloids consists of, which one of the following ?
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
Anonymous Quiz
29%
a. Potassium mercuric iodide solution
34%
b. Potassium bismuth iodide solution
21%
c. lodine in potassium iodide solution
5%
d. Picric acid solution
11%
e. None of the above
Forwarded from Ikhtibar - إختبار
All the following are true alkaloids, EXCEPT ?
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
Anonymous Quiz
26%
a. Nicotine
10%
b. Cocaine
3%
c. Codeine
25%
d. Caffeine
36%
e. Atropine
إذا د. رباب جابت اسئلة مثل الكورس الاول " يعني مو بس MCQ فهذا النمط تقريباً مقارب لنمط فاينل الكورس الأول ، مع وجود ترك سؤال ..
Q1\ Answer the following ( biosynthesis ) ?
Q2\ A \ What is the plant origin, family and uses for the following ?
Q2\ B \ Numerate the following ?
Q3\ A \ MCQ
Q3\ B\ Fill the blank ?
Q4\ A \ Link between A and B ?
Q4\ B \ Correct the following statements ?
Q1\ Answer the following ( biosynthesis ) ?
Q2\ A \ What is the plant origin, family and uses for the following ?
Q2\ B \ Numerate the following ?
Q3\ A \ MCQ
Q3\ B\ Fill the blank ?
Q4\ A \ Link between A and B ?
Q4\ B \ Correct the following statements ?
🌾 Lecture 6 - Pharmacognocy III
ⓂCQ:
- The amino acid tryptophan is the biochemical precursor of indole alkaloids.
Non-isoprenoid indole :
1. Simple indole : tryptamine + 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin).
* glycozoline = simple indole alkaloids do not contain tryptamine.
2. β-carboline : By formation of Schiff base from tryptamine and aldehyde.
* This type includes harmine, harmaline.
3. Pyrolo-indole : By methylation of indole nucleus at position 3 and subsequent nucleophilic Addition at C2 with the closure of ethylamino group in to a ring.
* Example physostigmine
Isoprenoid indole alkaloids :
*e.g. : ergot alkaloids and vinca alkaloids.
🔵 Drugs containing indole alkaloids :
1. Rauwolfia alkaloids ( ajmaline, reserpine and serpentine ) :
🔺Plant origin : Rauwolfia serpentin
🔺Family : Apocynaceae
🔺Uses : Antihypertensive and tranquilizer
2. Catharanthus ( Vincristine & Vinblastine ) :
🔺Plant origin : Catharanthus roseus
🔺Family : F. Apocynaceae
🔺Uses : arrest of cell division at metaphase of cancer cells.
3. Nux-vomica :
🔺Plant origin : Strychnos nux-vomica
🔺Family : Loganiaceae
🔺Uses : Major source of the highly poisonous to kill feral mammals.
4. Physostigma (Calabar bean) :
🔺Plant origin : Physostigma venenosum
🔺Family : Leguminosae
🔺Uses : Inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase ( e.g. to treat glaucoma ).
5. Ergot :
🔺Plant origin : Secale cereale
🔺Family : F. Gramineae
🔺Uses : Uterine contraction Or Vasoconstriction
6. Harmel :
🔺Plant origin : Peganum harmal
🔺 Family : Nitrariaceae
🔺 Uses : Antiinflammatory, Antiviral and antibacterial
ⓂCQ:
- The amino acid tryptophan is the biochemical precursor of indole alkaloids.
Non-isoprenoid indole :
1. Simple indole : tryptamine + 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin).
* glycozoline = simple indole alkaloids do not contain tryptamine.
2. β-carboline : By formation of Schiff base from tryptamine and aldehyde.
* This type includes harmine, harmaline.
3. Pyrolo-indole : By methylation of indole nucleus at position 3 and subsequent nucleophilic Addition at C2 with the closure of ethylamino group in to a ring.
* Example physostigmine
Isoprenoid indole alkaloids :
*e.g. : ergot alkaloids and vinca alkaloids.
🔵 Drugs containing indole alkaloids :
1. Rauwolfia alkaloids ( ajmaline, reserpine and serpentine ) :
🔺Plant origin : Rauwolfia serpentin
🔺Family : Apocynaceae
🔺Uses : Antihypertensive and tranquilizer
2. Catharanthus ( Vincristine & Vinblastine ) :
🔺Plant origin : Catharanthus roseus
🔺Family : F. Apocynaceae
🔺Uses : arrest of cell division at metaphase of cancer cells.
3. Nux-vomica :
🔺Plant origin : Strychnos nux-vomica
🔺Family : Loganiaceae
🔺Uses : Major source of the highly poisonous to kill feral mammals.
4. Physostigma (Calabar bean) :
🔺Plant origin : Physostigma venenosum
🔺Family : Leguminosae
🔺Uses : Inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase ( e.g. to treat glaucoma ).
5. Ergot :
🔺Plant origin : Secale cereale
🔺Family : F. Gramineae
🔺Uses : Uterine contraction Or Vasoconstriction
6. Harmel :
🔺Plant origin : Peganum harmal
🔺 Family : Nitrariaceae
🔺 Uses : Antiinflammatory, Antiviral and antibacterial
🌾 Lecture 5 - Pharmacognocy III :
ⓂCQ :
1. The papavar somniferum ( opium ) has the following of alkaloids :
• morphine 4-21%
• codeine 0.8-2.5%
• noscapine (narcotine) 4-8%
2. Opium gives a red color in solution of ferric chloride.
3. Opium Phenanthrene alkaloids = act primarily on the CNS to produce depressant effect & they stimulate the contraction of the smooth muscles e.g. morphine and codeine.
4.The structure of phanathrene derivatives contains :
• benzene ring
• phenolic OH
• N-CH3 (tertiary amine)
• ether linkage
5. Diacetyl morphine (heroine) :
• It is formed by acetylation of morphine.
• It is very toxic & expensive.
• It is 100 times stronger than morphine.
• It is a drug of addiction.
6. Because of its lower boiling point of heroine , the freebase form of heroin is also smokable.
7. Hydromorphone prepare by reducing morphine in HCL solution.
8. Apomorphine prepared by heating morphine in a sealed tube with HCl.
9. Papaverine It is a derivative of benzylisoquinoline
🔵 Drugs containing isoquinoline alkaloids :
1. Ipecac (emetine, cephailine, &
psychotrine) :
🔺Plant origin : Cephaelis ipecacuanha
🔺Family : Rubiaceae
🔺Uses : Antiprotozoal infection
2. Hydrastis ( hydrastine, berberine, &
canadine ) :
🔺Plant origin : Hydrastis canadensis
🔺Family : Runuculaceae
🔺Uses : astringents in inflammation of the mucous membrane.
3. Curare :
🔺Plant origin : S. crevauxii
🔺Family : Loganiaceae
🔺Uses : Skeletal muscle relaxant
4. Berberis (barberry) :
🔺Plant origin : Berberis vulgaris
🔺Family : Berberidaceae
🔺Uses : Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal.
5. Opium ( Morphine, Codeine and heroine, etc.. ) :
🔺Plant origin : Papaver somniferum
🔺Family : Papaveraceae
🔺Uses : Analgesics
ⓂCQ :
1. The papavar somniferum ( opium ) has the following of alkaloids :
• morphine 4-21%
• codeine 0.8-2.5%
• noscapine (narcotine) 4-8%
2. Opium gives a red color in solution of ferric chloride.
3. Opium Phenanthrene alkaloids = act primarily on the CNS to produce depressant effect & they stimulate the contraction of the smooth muscles e.g. morphine and codeine.
4.The structure of phanathrene derivatives contains :
• benzene ring
• phenolic OH
• N-CH3 (tertiary amine)
• ether linkage
5. Diacetyl morphine (heroine) :
• It is formed by acetylation of morphine.
• It is very toxic & expensive.
• It is 100 times stronger than morphine.
• It is a drug of addiction.
6. Because of its lower boiling point of heroine , the freebase form of heroin is also smokable.
7. Hydromorphone prepare by reducing morphine in HCL solution.
8. Apomorphine prepared by heating morphine in a sealed tube with HCl.
9. Papaverine It is a derivative of benzylisoquinoline
🔵 Drugs containing isoquinoline alkaloids :
1. Ipecac (emetine, cephailine, &
psychotrine) :
🔺Plant origin : Cephaelis ipecacuanha
🔺Family : Rubiaceae
🔺Uses : Antiprotozoal infection
2. Hydrastis ( hydrastine, berberine, &
canadine ) :
🔺Plant origin : Hydrastis canadensis
🔺Family : Runuculaceae
🔺Uses : astringents in inflammation of the mucous membrane.
3. Curare :
🔺Plant origin : S. crevauxii
🔺Family : Loganiaceae
🔺Uses : Skeletal muscle relaxant
4. Berberis (barberry) :
🔺Plant origin : Berberis vulgaris
🔺Family : Berberidaceae
🔺Uses : Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal.
5. Opium ( Morphine, Codeine and heroine, etc.. ) :
🔺Plant origin : Papaver somniferum
🔺Family : Papaveraceae
🔺Uses : Analgesics
حسب الاخبار المتداولة حول نمط الاسئلة مالت العقاقير اكو احتمالية أنه راح تكون mcq واذا كان فعلاً اكو اكثر من نسخة ف الكفّة تميل لنمط الاسئلة الاسهل بالتصحيح لأن الكلية تريد تستعجل بشغلها و شفنا اغلب الاسئلة هذا الكورس چانت ع نفس النمط ، مع ذلك هذا مو مبرر كافي يخليكم تقرون ع نمط واحد لأن المادة مالتنا بكل سهولة تغير نمطهه و تبقى المعلومة محافظة ع دلالتها لذلك اقرو مثل ما هو موجود بالقناة ومو صعب يطبون عليكم المراقبين و بيديهم دفاتر ولات حين مناص فخليكم جاهزين لأي حدث متوقع ، تحياتي و بالتوفيق للجميع 💚
⚪ Lecture 3 - Pharmacognocy III
ⓂCQ :
1.Tropane = is a dicyclic compound found by the condensation of a pyrrolidine precursor (ornithine) with three carbon atoms derived from acetate.
2. The 3-hydroxy derivative of tropane is known as = tropine
3.The - isomer is = hyoscyamine.
4.The + isomer is not found in the plant.
5. the ± isomer is = atropine
6. Hyoscyamine = is more active than atropine.
🔥7. The (±)-isomer of scopolamine is = atrosine.
ⓂCQ :
1.Tropane = is a dicyclic compound found by the condensation of a pyrrolidine precursor (ornithine) with three carbon atoms derived from acetate.
2. The 3-hydroxy derivative of tropane is known as = tropine
3.The - isomer is = hyoscyamine.
4.The + isomer is not found in the plant.
5. the ± isomer is = atropine
6. Hyoscyamine = is more active than atropine.
🔥7. The (±)-isomer of scopolamine is = atrosine.
🔵 Drugs containing tropane alkaloids :
1. Belladonna :
🔺Plant origin : Atropa belladonna
🔺Family : Solanaceae
🔺 Uses : Antispasmodic ( anticholinergic ).
2. Hyoscyamus ( Henbane ) :
🔺Plant origin : Hyoscyamus niger
🔺Family : Solanaceae
🔺Uses : parasympatholytic
3. Stramonium :
🔺Plant origin : Datura stramonium
🔺Family : Solanaceae
🔺Uses : Anticholinergic like belladonna
4. Cocaine :
🔺Plant origin : Erythroxylum coca
🔺Family : Erythroxylaceae
🔺Uses : local anesthetic
1. Belladonna :
🔺Plant origin : Atropa belladonna
🔺Family : Solanaceae
🔺 Uses : Antispasmodic ( anticholinergic ).
2. Hyoscyamus ( Henbane ) :
🔺Plant origin : Hyoscyamus niger
🔺Family : Solanaceae
🔺Uses : parasympatholytic
3. Stramonium :
🔺Plant origin : Datura stramonium
🔺Family : Solanaceae
🔺Uses : Anticholinergic like belladonna
4. Cocaine :
🔺Plant origin : Erythroxylum coca
🔺Family : Erythroxylaceae
🔺Uses : local anesthetic
د. علي ثجيل جاب 60 سؤال mcq باسئلة السموم اليوم و هو معروف عنه يجيبهه منوعة اعتقد هاي سياسة القسم هلفترة بسبب التقويمي فاحتمال العقاقير كذلك.
اسئلة الوزاري
اسئلة الوزاري
Regarding Tropane alkaloids, esterification of tropine with (-)-tropic acid yields ....... ?
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
تقويمي ٢٠٢٣ - عقاقير
Anonymous Quiz
33%
a. Tropane
12%
b. Hyoscine
10%
c. Cocaine
1%
d. Lobeline
43%
e. Hyoscyamine
- زملائي الصيادلة و زميلاتي الصيدلانيات 🍒❤️
- أُهنئكم جميعاً و قبل الجميع على اتعابكم و جهودكم و تكاتفكم ، ادعوا الله تعالى و بقلب ٍ مخلص أن لا يضيع جُهدكم و يجازيكم الله بهِ اضعاف مضاعفة كثيرة ﴿مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفُهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً﴾.
- " وبي أمل ٌ ، يأتي ويذهب، لكن لن أودّعُه ُ " يُقال الحياة تمر جداً سريعة و انا اعارض ذلك بمقولة شكسبير “ الزمن بطيء جداً لمن ينتظر .. " .
- الايام السابقة التي مرت لم تكن اياماً إنما كانت بالساعات و الدقائق و الالام و المعاناة ، قدمنا ما نملك و ما لا نملك و ما قدمناه يوصف بأنه لا يوصف ، و الاصعب من ذلك ما زلنا بانتظار نضج تلك الثمار الى الان ، اخوتي كلية الصيدلة كانت هي الحياة بجميع الوانها ..
- كل عام وانتم اقوى وانقى و اجمل ، كنت ولازلت معكم ، دائماً و ابداً زميلكم احمد كامل ❤️🌾
11:34
- أُهنئكم جميعاً و قبل الجميع على اتعابكم و جهودكم و تكاتفكم ، ادعوا الله تعالى و بقلب ٍ مخلص أن لا يضيع جُهدكم و يجازيكم الله بهِ اضعاف مضاعفة كثيرة ﴿مَنْ ذَا الَّذِي يُقْرِضُ اللَّهَ قَرْضًا حَسَنًا فَيُضَاعِفُهُ لَهُ أَضْعَافًا كَثِيرَةً﴾.
- " وبي أمل ٌ ، يأتي ويذهب، لكن لن أودّعُه ُ " يُقال الحياة تمر جداً سريعة و انا اعارض ذلك بمقولة شكسبير “ الزمن بطيء جداً لمن ينتظر .. " .
- الايام السابقة التي مرت لم تكن اياماً إنما كانت بالساعات و الدقائق و الالام و المعاناة ، قدمنا ما نملك و ما لا نملك و ما قدمناه يوصف بأنه لا يوصف ، و الاصعب من ذلك ما زلنا بانتظار نضج تلك الثمار الى الان ، اخوتي كلية الصيدلة كانت هي الحياة بجميع الوانها ..
- كل عام وانتم اقوى وانقى و اجمل ، كنت ولازلت معكم ، دائماً و ابداً زميلكم احمد كامل ❤️🌾
11:34
مقولة " الاطرش بالزفّة " راح تطبق عليك فعلاً من تقرر ما تتدرب بالصيدلية خلال هاي العطلة ، و راح تظلم علميتك و المريض بسبب هذا القرار ولكم في "بعض" طلبة الرابعة والخامسة عِبرة يا اولي الالباب.