Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains)
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🔆Buddhist Terminology
✅Pratyeka Buddhas: Beings who have attained enlightenment without guidance but have not taught it to the world.
✅Arhat: Who have achieved Nirvana.
✅Bodhisattva: Abeing about to become Buddha shows charity and helper of man.
✅Sramanas/Bhikshu: Buddhist monks.
✅Upasakas: Lay followers.
✅Mahaparinirvana: Final blowing out, death.
✅Arya-Atthangikamagga: Noble eight-fold path.
✅Ashtamahasthanas: Eight holy places.
✅Tathagata: One of the titles of Buddha.
✅Prajna Parimita : Female deity of perfection and insight associated with Mahayana.
✅Anatta: Soullessness.
✅Samnera: Buddhist monks before being introduced into sangha as full-fledged member.
✅Paramita: 10 percepts (vows) observed by monks.
✅Pratimoksa: Rules of 150 articles (a part of Vinay Pitaka).
✅Skandhakas: Monastic rules.
✅Poshadha: Fortnightly meeting in Sanghas.
✅Siddha: Perfected being in Vajrayana.
✅Sakra: Gold identical with Indra used by the monks.
✅Sangha: Buddhist order.
✅Vassa: Retreat during rainy season by the monks.
✅Sangharam: Resting place for monks.
✅Vihara: Buddhist monastery.
✅Pravajya: Initial ordination for old and experienced monks.
✅Sramanas: Buddhist monks, in general.
✅Upajjhaya: Spiritual leader.
✅Sanketas: Four noble truths.
✅Upasotha/Roya: Days of fast on full moon, new moon and two quarter moon days in a month.
✅Chaitya: Temples of Buddhists.
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✅Pratyeka Buddhas: Beings who have attained enlightenment without guidance but have not taught it to the world.
✅Arhat: Who have achieved Nirvana.
✅Bodhisattva: Abeing about to become Buddha shows charity and helper of man.
✅Sramanas/Bhikshu: Buddhist monks.
✅Upasakas: Lay followers.
✅Mahaparinirvana: Final blowing out, death.
✅Arya-Atthangikamagga: Noble eight-fold path.
✅Ashtamahasthanas: Eight holy places.
✅Tathagata: One of the titles of Buddha.
✅Prajna Parimita : Female deity of perfection and insight associated with Mahayana.
✅Anatta: Soullessness.
✅Samnera: Buddhist monks before being introduced into sangha as full-fledged member.
✅Paramita: 10 percepts (vows) observed by monks.
✅Pratimoksa: Rules of 150 articles (a part of Vinay Pitaka).
✅Skandhakas: Monastic rules.
✅Poshadha: Fortnightly meeting in Sanghas.
✅Siddha: Perfected being in Vajrayana.
✅Sakra: Gold identical with Indra used by the monks.
✅Sangha: Buddhist order.
✅Vassa: Retreat during rainy season by the monks.
✅Sangharam: Resting place for monks.
✅Vihara: Buddhist monastery.
✅Pravajya: Initial ordination for old and experienced monks.
✅Sramanas: Buddhist monks, in general.
✅Upajjhaya: Spiritual leader.
✅Sanketas: Four noble truths.
✅Upasotha/Roya: Days of fast on full moon, new moon and two quarter moon days in a month.
✅Chaitya: Temples of Buddhists.
#pre_revision
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Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains)
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🔆Nilgiri tahr:-
✅The Nilgiri tahr is the only mountain ungulate in southern India amongst the 12 species present in India.
✅It is also the state animal of Tamil Nadu.
✅Habitat: open montane grassland habitat of the South Western Ghats montane rain forests eco-region.
✅Distribution: It is endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
✅Eravikulam National Park is home to the largest population of this Tahr.
✅It has become locally extinct in around 14% of its traditional shola forest-grassland habitat.
✅Unique feature: The Adult males of Nilgiri Tahr species develop a light grey area or “saddle” on their backs and are hence called “Saddlebacks”
Cultural significance:-
✅The species is locally known as Varaiaadu.
✅There are multiple references to the Nilgiri Tahr in Tamil Sangam literature dating back to 2,000 years.
✅The late Mesolithic (10,000-4,000 BC) paintings highlight the significance of the Tahr in folklore, culture, and life.
Population decrease:
✅The Nilgiri tahr, which used to be found along the entire stretch of the Western Ghats.
✅It is presently found only in small fragmented pockets.
✅A large part of its population has been wiped out from its historical range.
Threats:
✅Habitat loss
✅Hunting
✅Poaching
✅Climate Change
✅Invasive plants such as wattles, pines, and eucalyptus.
Conservation Status:-
✅IUCN: Endangered
✅Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972: Schedule I
✅The Nilgiri tahr is the only mountain ungulate in southern India amongst the 12 species present in India.
✅It is also the state animal of Tamil Nadu.
✅Habitat: open montane grassland habitat of the South Western Ghats montane rain forests eco-region.
✅Distribution: It is endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.
✅Eravikulam National Park is home to the largest population of this Tahr.
✅It has become locally extinct in around 14% of its traditional shola forest-grassland habitat.
✅Unique feature: The Adult males of Nilgiri Tahr species develop a light grey area or “saddle” on their backs and are hence called “Saddlebacks”
Cultural significance:-
✅The species is locally known as Varaiaadu.
✅There are multiple references to the Nilgiri Tahr in Tamil Sangam literature dating back to 2,000 years.
✅The late Mesolithic (10,000-4,000 BC) paintings highlight the significance of the Tahr in folklore, culture, and life.
Population decrease:
✅The Nilgiri tahr, which used to be found along the entire stretch of the Western Ghats.
✅It is presently found only in small fragmented pockets.
✅A large part of its population has been wiped out from its historical range.
Threats:
✅Habitat loss
✅Hunting
✅Poaching
✅Climate Change
✅Invasive plants such as wattles, pines, and eucalyptus.
Conservation Status:-
✅IUCN: Endangered
✅Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972: Schedule I
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains)
AnsKey-CSP-2023-Paper-I-090524.pdf
14.4 MB
Official answer keys (CSE-2023)
https://upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnsKey-CSP-2023-Paper-I-090524.pdf
https://upsc.gov.in/sites/default/files/AnsKey-CSP-2023-Paper-I-090524.pdf
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🔆ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement
✅The 4th Joint Committee meeting for the review of AITIGA (ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement) was held in Putrajaya, Malaysia from 7-9 May 2024.
📍ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement:
✅It is a trade deal between the ten member states of ASEAN and India. It was signed at the 7th ASEAN Economic Ministers-India Consultations in Bangkok, Thailand in 2009.
✅The agreement, which came into effect in 2010, is sometimes referred to as the ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement.
✅It covers trade in physical goods and products; it does not apply to trade in services. ASEAN and India signed a separate ASEAN-India Trade in Services Agreement in 2014.
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✅The 4th Joint Committee meeting for the review of AITIGA (ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement) was held in Putrajaya, Malaysia from 7-9 May 2024.
📍ASEAN-India Trade in Goods Agreement:
✅It is a trade deal between the ten member states of ASEAN and India. It was signed at the 7th ASEAN Economic Ministers-India Consultations in Bangkok, Thailand in 2009.
✅The agreement, which came into effect in 2010, is sometimes referred to as the ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement.
✅It covers trade in physical goods and products; it does not apply to trade in services. ASEAN and India signed a separate ASEAN-India Trade in Services Agreement in 2014.
#gs2
#ir
#Pib
Join @PIB_UPSC
@upsc_4_ir
Q.: Nuclear Energy Summit 2024 is planned to happen at?
Anonymous Quiz
29%
Brussels
31%
Monaco
32%
Frankfurt
7%
Berlin
Who has become the first Indian male wrestler to secure a quota for Paris Olympics 2024?
Anonymous Quiz
8%
विवेक चोपड़ा/Vivek Chopra
32%
दीपक दहिया/Deepak Dahiya
42%
अमन सहरावत/Aman Sehrawat
18%
बजरंग पुनिया/Bajrang Punia
India and Iran have signed a long-term contract for the operation of which port?
Anonymous Quiz
64%
चाबहार बंदरगाह/Chabahar Port
17%
तूतीकोरिन बंदरगाह/Tuticorin Port
16%
कांडला बंदरगाह/Kandla Port
2%
पारादीप बंदरगाह/Paradip Port
Who has been approved by IRDAI as the Chairman of HDFC Life in May 2024?
Anonymous Quiz
28%
Deepak Parekh / दीपक पारेख
42%
Keki Mistry / केकी मिस्त्री
25%
Aditya Puri / आदित्य पुरी
5%
Uday Kotak / उदय कोटक
‘विश्व हाइड्रोजन शिखर सम्मेलन और प्रदर्शनी 2024’ का आयोजन रॉटरडैम, नीदरलैंड में किया गया.
‘World Hydrogen Summit and Expo 2024’ was organized in Rotterdam, Netherlands...
‘World Hydrogen Summit and Expo 2024’ was organized in Rotterdam, Netherlands...
Forwarded from UPSC Editorial analysis
🔆India is hosting the 46th meeting of ATCM: What is ATCM?
The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, through the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (📌click here), will host the 46th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM 46) and the 26th Meeting of the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP 26) from May 20 to 30, 2024, in Kochi, Kerala
The ATCM and meetings of the CEP are pivotal in the international community's ongoing efforts to safeguard Antarctica's fragile ecosystem and promote scientific research in the region
The Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959 and entered into force in 1961, established Antarctica as a region dedicated to peaceful purposes, scientific cooperation, and environmental protection. India is also a signatory since 1983. (📌click here)
India’s first Antarctic research station, Dakshin Gangotri, was established in 1983. At present, India operates two year-round research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012).
#GS1
#GS3
Join @upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India, through the National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research (📌click here), will host the 46th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting (ATCM 46) and the 26th Meeting of the Committee for Environmental Protection (CEP 26) from May 20 to 30, 2024, in Kochi, Kerala
The ATCM and meetings of the CEP are pivotal in the international community's ongoing efforts to safeguard Antarctica's fragile ecosystem and promote scientific research in the region
The Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1959 and entered into force in 1961, established Antarctica as a region dedicated to peaceful purposes, scientific cooperation, and environmental protection. India is also a signatory since 1983. (📌click here)
India’s first Antarctic research station, Dakshin Gangotri, was established in 1983. At present, India operates two year-round research stations: Maitri (1989) and Bharati (2012).
#GS1
#GS3
Join @upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial