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Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, small ceramic scrotum pot with incised spiral motif with a phallic handle, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine, 4500 - 3000 BC
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Seleucus is one of the most unlikely Diadochi to emerge as a great ruler. He rose to prominence relatively late in Alexander's campaigns. In the immediate succession wars, he was an important leader but of the rank below those that sought to make themselves kings. It was only through about 17 years of political struggles and battles that he would first claim for himself the title of king.

He was clearly a brilliant man but patience and resilience were some of his key virtues.
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What ancient kings felt like after conquering a piece of land and declaring themselves "King of the Universe."

Bust of Seleucus I Nicator (c.358-281 BC), Macedonian Greek general of Alexander the Great and founder of the Seleucid Empire. Seleucus' son and successor, Antiochus I Soter, is the last known ruler to use the ancient Mesopotamian title "King of the Universe."

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The Cucuteni-Trypillia culture is one of the Chalcolithic societies famous for their ceramic human female figurines. But they also made countless thousands of animal figurines.

They really liked birds but they mostly made cattle models.

These models were related to their religious practices – you can imagine leaving a little ceramic bull on the altar, perhaps symbolising an offering and maybe the form of the thing you wanted – fertile cattle, a bountiful harvest, a healthy pregnancy and so on. Using a model of the thing representing the real thing is a ritual practice seen in many societies around the world. It seems to just "make sense" to lots of us.

They were also an artistic and decorative expression for the interior of the houses, probably placed on domestic altars and on shelves and sideboards along with their beautiful pottery. Some of these models also combined animals with bowls or pots.

You can find out more about this society in my video here.
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2025/10/24 07:54:52
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