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Regarding the golden hats. The gold is extremely thin and that they only weighed about 350 grams.

All the cones are heavily reconstructed. When they came out of the ground they were very deformed or even shredded. The black and white photo here shows how thin the gold was.

So they couldn't have been used to hold beer or whatever as some commenters suggested. Also, the shape of the bottom could have been made longer in one direction than the other rather easily and so fit a head better than the circular reconstructions. The brims could have been at different angles, too.

And we do have that artwork from Bohuslän with a pair of chaps with cones on their heads, along with the sun wheel and ritual axe symbol. The same symbols also seen on the Bredarör slabs at Kivik along with the cone symbol.

All the evidence suggests these were actually hats and were actually worn, at least sometimes.
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Irishman leaves a thoughtful kind comment about appreciating Sardinian history.

Someone thinks he's British and leaves an insane angry reply seething at the very idea that a British person exists.
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Sanest Dan Davis History fan
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Am out here committing crimes and getting away with it.
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Golden sun disc found in 1947 in a burial mound at Monkton Farleigh, about 20 miles from Stonehenge.

Dated to the Bell Beaker period, c. 2400 BC - soon after the sarsen stones were erected at Stonehenge - it and the central "solar cross" motif probably represent the sun.

These golden sun crosses were probably sewn onto clothing or burial shrouds somewhere on the upper body or face (you can see the holes where they were sewn on in most of the examples).

Mostly from Western Europe, these Bell Beaker culture artefacts might have been related to concepts related to death and rebirth.

Luckily, someone made a video about this sort of thing.
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Forwarded from TheBeakerLady
Here are some quick facts about the Middle Dnieper Culture (early subgroup of Corded Ware Culture).

1. Economy: Cattle herding along with some agriculture
2. Lived in houses with pillars and hearths.
3. Had kurgans, flat graves, and even cremations
4. Culture included both stone axes and metal axes.
5. Theorized by some archeologists to have a solar and fire cult.

Summarized this info by using google translate to read the Russian language Wikipedia page on this culture. Sadly much of this info is not on the English Wikipedia page. This culture is quite interesting because they are theorized to be ancestors of Fatyanovo.

https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Среднеднепровская_культура
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New study shows hunter-gatherer metal workers in prehistoric Anatolia doing copper working 9,000 years ago.

"Excavations at Gre Filla in Diyarbakir, uncovered architectural structures, copper artifacts, and vitrified materials that point to early pyrometallurgical activities.

Until now, the earliest known evidence of smelting dated to approximately 5,000 B.C. at Yumuktepe in Anatolia [and in the Balkans too actually, maybe even earlier] However, Gre Filla’s findings—dated to around 8,000 B.C.—could shift this paradigm dramatically."

Article here: https://www.turkiyetoday.com/culture/how-anatolias-last-hunter-gatherers-pioneered-copper-metallurgy-9000-years-ago-133075/

Paper (paywalled): https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352409X25000835
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Forwarded from TheBeakerLady
Touching burial of a Yamnaya baby inside of a kurgan. He was laid to rest in a single grave pit and placed on his back with legs flexed in accordance with Yamnaya burial rituals.

His remains were dna tested and he was assigned the R1b1a1b1b (R-M12149) haplogroup.

Source:

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.17.589600v1.supplementary-material
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The Pitted Ware culture (c. 3500 BC - 2300 BC) of Southern Scandinavia relied heavily on seals as a resource.

These animals provided skins, meat, blood, and perhaps most precious of all, blubber.

Their characteristic pottery reveals they consumed this precious fat. Baltic hunter gatherers seem to have stored seal fat, mixed with cranberry or lingonberry which contain chemicals that would have helped stop the meat/fat from spoiling. They also seem to have made a kind of blood porridge or blood cake, with blood mixed with wild grains.

Artwork: "Stone Age Seal Hunters" by Måns Sjöberg
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2025/10/24 07:54:44
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