Reported Speech

💡 برای نقل قول یک جمله، سؤال و یا گفته‌ها از نقل قول غیر مستقیم reported speech استفاده می‌شود، که با نقل قول مستقیم (همراه با علامت کوتیشن) تفاوت دارد.

👨‍🏫 وقتی بخواهیم از نقل قول غیر مستقیم برای اتفاقی در گذشته استفاده کنیم، وقتی و زمان فعل اصلی حال کامل (present perfect) باشد، فعل اصلی به گذشته‌ی کامل (past perfect) تبديل می‌شود.
مثال:
'I have met him before'
برای نقل قول این جمله، فقط حالت اول صحیح است:
✅ I was sure that I had met him before.
❌ I was sure that I met him before.

'The village has not changed much.'
برای نقل قول این جمله، فقط حالت اول صحیح است:
✅ I found that the village had not changed much.
❌ I found that the village did not change much.

👨‍🏫 اما وقتی زمان فعل اصلی گذشته‌‌ی ساده باشد (simple past)، در حالت نقل قول می‌تواند به همان شکل باقی بماند و یا به گذشته‌ی کامل (past perfect) تبدیل شود.
مثال:
'200 people drowned in the recent floods.'
برای نقل قول این جمله، هر دو حالت زیر صحیح است:
✅ Police said that 200 people had drowned in the recent floods.
✅ Police said that 200 people drowned in the recent floods.

'I stole the watch.'
برای نقل قول این جمله، هر دو حالت زیر صحیح است:
✅ She admitted that she had stolen the watch.
✅ She admitted that she stole the watch.

#common_mistake #grammar


࿐ᭂ⸙ @English_ltt ⸙ᭂ࿐

💢Error warning: Spend

👉Notice how spend is used when talking about time and money. Use them correctly.

✔️ We spend three days in the mountains.
❌We passed three days in the mountains.

✔️ If you buy a big car you'll have to spend more money on petrol.
❌If you buy a big car you'll have to use more money on petrol.

✔️ Last night I spent two hours watching TV.
❌ Last night I stayed two hours watching TV.


࿐ᭂ⸙ @English_ltt ⸙ᭂ࿐

╭┈────────「🦋♥️🦋  
        @Phd_kavosh
╰──────➤ ⃟༺•❥࿐❥᭄͚ٖٜ
⍣╭────➺🦋
                گروه پژوهشی کاوش خزر
                          انتشارات مهرنگ
  ╰──────────────  

⚡️سال نو بر شما همراهان گرامی مبارک باد🌹

صبح با شعر آغاز شد...
و زندگی همچنان موزون ست
بگذار مَطلع غزل امروز
لبخند گرم تو باشد..

صبحتون بخیر🌼

⁣╭━═━⊰✹⭕️✹⊱━═━╮
    ✨ @English_ltt 
╰━═━⊰❀⭕️❀⊱━═━╯

My heart is open to all the sweet days that have not yet come.
To erase the old sorrows...

من دلم روشن است به تمامِ روزهایِ شيرينِ نيامده
به محو شدن غم هایِ ديرينه...


⁣╭━═━⊰✹⭕️✹⊱━═━╮
    ✨ @English_ltt 
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💢Sentences

👈استفاده از ساختار I don't even

👨🧑
I don't even know your name.
من حتی اسمت رو هم نمیدونم.
👨🧑
I don't even like it.
من حتی دوستش هم ندارم
👨👨‍🦰
I don't even own a television.
من حتی تلویزیون هم ندارم.
👨🧑
I don't even care about you.
من حتی یه ذره هم به تو اهمیت نمیدم
👨🧑
I don't even be in the game, so I don't know.
من حتی تو بازی هم نبودم, پس نمیدونم.
👨🧑
I don't even want to know you.
من حتی نمیخوام که تو رو بشناسم.
👨🧑
I don't even need this damn 45 $.
من حتی به این ۴۵ دلار لعنتی نیاز ندارم‌.
👨🧑
I don't even know myself, let alone you.
من حتی خودم رو نمیشناسم, چه برسه به تو.
👨🧑
I don't even read your post, let alone practice them.
من حتی پستهای تو رو نمیخونم چه برسه به تمرین کردنشون.
👨🧑
I don't even like this city, let alone people's behavior.
من حتی این شهر رو دوست ندارم، چه برسه به رفتار مردم.

⁣╭━═━⊰✹⭕️✹⊱━═━╮
    ✨ @English_ltt 
╰━═━⊰❀⭕️❀⊱━═━╯

‍‍ ♻️نکات ساده اما مهم

❇️کاربرد افعال مترادف

✅repair something

✅fix something

✅mend something

✳️هر سه این افعال به معنی تعمیر کردن هستند.

مثال

1️⃣Can you repair the fridge?
1️⃣Can you fix the fridge?
✅می تونی یخچال تعمیر کنی؟

2️⃣It took ages to repair the roof.
2️⃣It took ages to mend the roof.
✅تعمیر سقف خیلی زمان میبره.

❇️دقت کنید:
برای لباس از فعل fix استفاده نکنیم .

3️⃣I mended the hole in my pocket.
سوراخ جیبم را دوختم

4️⃣I must get my shoes repaired.
کفشهایم را باید بدم تعمیر کنند .


⁣╭━═━⊰✹⭕️✹⊱━═━╮
    ✨ @English_ltt 
╰━═━⊰❀⭕️❀⊱━═━╯

‍‍ ♻️اصطلاح امروز

❇️Get a move on
✅ بجنب - تکون بخور

✳️رایج ترین عبارت در زبان انگلیسی درباره عجله کردن

✅مثال

1️⃣We can't wait all day for you. Get a move on!
✅نمی تونيم کل روز را منتظر باشیم.تکون بخور.

⁣╭━═━⊰✹⭕️✹⊱━═━╮
    ✨ @English_ltt 
╰━═━⊰❀⭕️❀⊱━═━╯

دليل اينكه روابط طولانى مدت دوام ميارن اين نيست كه قسمت اينطور بوده،

بلكه به خاطر اين هست كه دو تا آدم
شجاع تصميم گرفتن به بجنگيدن براش ادامه بدن.

⁣╭━═━⊰✹⭕️✹⊱━═━╮
    ✨ @English_ltt 
╰━═━⊰❀⭕️❀⊱━═━╯

💢 Collocations with "exchange"

🔶There followed a brief exchange between Chandler and Joey in the room.

📒a brief exchange
📒Meaning : a short conversation

🔶His angry exchange with the referee earned him a yellow card.

📒an angry exchange
📒Meaning : you show that you are annoyed in this conversation

🔶I overheard a heated exchange between John and his wife.

📒a heated exchange
📒 Meaning : a very angry conversation

🔶We used to have a verbal exchange before the Telegram was created.

📒a verbal exchange
📒Meaning : spoken conversation rather than written


⁣╭━═━⊰✹⭕️✹⊱━═━╮
    ✨ @English_ltt 
╰━═━⊰❀⭕️❀⊱━═━╯

💢10 Ways to Say Someone’s Talented

🔸1. She was born to… [dance].
🔸2. He’s a natural.
🔸3. She could do it in her sleep.
🔸4. He knows it inside out.
🔸5. She knows [New York] like the back of her hand.
🔸6. She’s a walking encyclopedia of… [philosophy]
🔸7. He’s in a class of his own.
🔸8. He’s the best in the business.
🔸9. She’s very gifted.
🔸10. He’s a [chemistry] whiz


⁣╭━═━⊰✹⭕️✹⊱━═━╮
    ✨ @English_ltt 
╰━═━⊰❀⭕️❀⊱━═━╯

‍‍ ♻️نکات ساده اما مهم
❇️عبارت کاربردی در مکالمه

1️⃣Generally
✅به طور کلی

2️⃣As a matter of fact
✅در حقیقت

3️⃣To be honest
✅حقیقتش،راستشو بخواهی

4️⃣On one hand
✅از یک طرف،

5️⃣On the other hand
✅از طرف دیگر

6️⃣Moreover
✅علاوه بر این

7️⃣Not also
✅نه تنها

8️⃣Basically
✅اساسا

9️⃣According to
✅بر طبق

🔟Regarding
✅از لحاظ...


⁣╭━═━⊰✹⭕️✹⊱━═━╮
    ✨ @English_ltt 
╰━═━⊰❀⭕️❀⊱━═━╯

🔺میخوای بگی نمیشه جلوی یه چیزی رو بگیری....

⭕️ I can't help doing sth.

✅ I can't help crying.

🔸نمی تونم جلوی گریه ام رو بگیرم.


✅I can't help eating.

🔸نمی تونم جلوی خوردنم رو بگیرم.

⁣╭━═━⊰✹⭕️✹⊱━═━╮
✨ @English_ltt
╰━═━⊰❀⭕️❀⊱━═━╯

گاهی نمی‌فهمیم حکمتت را،
گله می‌کنیم، ناراحت می‌شویم…
اما بعد که نقشه‌ات را می‌بینیم،
لبخند می‌زنیم و می‌گوییم:
خدایا شکرت، که بهترش را برایم خواستی…

روزتون بخیر و نیکی❤️


࿐ᭂ⸙ @English_ltt ⸙ᭂ࿐

‍‍ ♻️لغات مشابه

❇️در كابرد اين لغات دقت كنيد

✳️lunch ناهار
✳️launch پرتاب کردن

✅peak قله
✅pick چیدن
✅peek نگاه دزدکی

✳️trust اعتماد کردن
✳️thrust چپاندن،فروکردن

✅infect آلوده کردن
✅in fact در حقیقت

✳️object مخالفت کردن
✳️abject پست،ذلیل

✅middle وسط
✅meddle فضولی کردن

✳️dam سد
✳️damn لعنت کردن

✅expiration انقضا
✅expression اصطلاح

✳️dim مبهم ، کم نور
✳️deem لازم دانستن

✅ fit مناسب
✅ feat شاهکار
✅feet پاها

✳️conform تناسب داشتن
✳️confirm تصویب کردن

✅battle نبرد
✅bottle بطری


࿐ᭂ⸙ @English_ltt ⸙ᭂ࿐

💢Us slang
⭕️Coon's age
مدت زمان طولانی

👉Def: a long time
👉Examples:

🔷1. Jonny, I haven't see you in a coon's age, How the hell are you?
🔷2. I've had that dog for a coons age, I wouldn't give it up.
🔷3. He is taking a coons age to get ready. "or" Its going to be a coons age until that nigga is ready.
🔷4. I haven't seen you in a coon's age!
🔷5. Jarn hasn't seen Schnie in a coon's age.
🔷6. We've been waiting a coon's age for our damn food.
🔷7. It will take a coon's age to get all this work finished!
🔷8. I haven't been on a vacation in a coon's age.
🔷9. It's been a coon's age since I last went to the theater.

࿐ᭂ⸙ @English_ltt ⸙ᭂ࿐

📚have a soft spot for


✍🏾Meaning
If you have a soft spot for someone or something, you feel a warm affection for them.

❗️For example

🔸I don't know why, but I've always had a soft spot for Uncle George.

🔸Margaret can't see a stray cat without taking it home. She has a real soft spot for them.

#Idiom_of_the_Day
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࿐ᭂ⸙ @English_ltt ⸙ᭂ࿐

💢Grammar
⭕️Common mistakes

👉go on + ing             ادامه یافتن

❌The music went on to play all day.
✔️ The music went on playing all day.

👉Practise + -ing         تمرین کردن

❌ You must practise to speak English.
✔️You must practise speaking English.

‼️ Misuse of the infinitive: Use the gerund "not the infinitive" after certain verbs.

👉 Remember + -ing   به یاد آوردن

❌ I don't remember to have seen him.
✔️I don't remember seeing him.

👉Risk + -ingریسک کردن، خطر کردن

❌ We couldn't risk to leave him alone.
✔️ We couldn't risk leaving him alone.

👉 Stop + -ing    متوقف کردن/شدن، نگه داشتن

❌ The wind has almost stopped to blow.
✔️ The wind has almost stopped blowing.


࿐ᭂ⸙ @English_ltt ⸙ᭂ࿐

🔘 Buzzkill


What is a buzzkill?


◻️Something that spoils a good mood

Buzzkill is when something abruptly ruins the good mood or vibe others are experiencing. For example, if a group of friends is having fun hanging out, and one of the friends reminds everyone that every heartbeat brings them closer to death, the friends might say, "Thanks for the buzzkill, Todd."

The term is well known, with people using it in just about every context, including in person, in messages, and online. Even if accidental, buzzkills are always a bummer and may come in various shapes and sizes. For example, an insult, a revealed secret, the arrival of a guest, or lousy weather all qualify as buzzkills.

Origin of buzzkill

It is unclear who first coined the slang term "buzzkill." But the word dates back to the early 1990s (at least) and comes from the purposeful or accidental killing of a high (often referred to as a "buzz").

❓Example
Who invited Jeff to the party?
IDK, but he's the biggest buzzkill.
Last time I got stuck listening to his earwax story for 20 minutes.
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࿐ᭂ⸙ @English_ltt ⸙ᭂ࿐

‍‍ ♻️نکات ساده اما مهم

✳️در کاربرد این دو فعل دقت کنید

❇️ lie down : استراحت کوتاه
❇️ lay out : قرار دادن چیزی


▪️Lie:

❌Don't say: I'm going to lay down for an hour.

✔️Say: I'm going to lie down for an hour.

▪️Lay:

❌Don't say: Please lie the exam papers on the desk.

✔️Say: Please lay out the exam papers on the desk.


࿐ᭂ⸙ @English_ltt ⸙ᭂ࿐