#spanish #grammar
PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS.
✏️A pronoun is a word that is used instead of the name of a person or thing.
Juan - he, him
María - she, her
María and Juan - they, them
etc.
✏️You have already learned one set of pronouns, called the subject pronouns.👇
yo
tú
él, ella, usted
nosotros/as
vosotros/as
ellos, ellas, ustedes
✏️As the name implies, subject pronouns are the pronouns to use for the subject of the sentence.👇
Juan come mucho.
Él come mucho.
Juan y María hablan español.
Ellos hablan español.
✏️When the pronoun acts as the object of a preposition, a different set of pronouns is used.👇
Subject Pronouns Obj. Prep.Pronouns
yo mí
tú ti
él él
ella ella
usted usted
nosotros/as nosotros/as
vosotros/as vosotros/as
ellos/as ellos/as
ustedes ustedes
Note: Only mí and ti are different from the subject pronouns.
Use this second set of pronouns to replace the noun that comes immediately after a preposition.👇
🇪🇸 Juan habla de mí.
🇬🇧 Juan speaks of me.
🇪🇸 Hablo con ellos.
🇬🇧 I speak with them.
🇪🇸 Pablo compró un anillo para ella.
🇬🇧 Pablo bought a ring for her.
✏️Whenever mí follows the preposition con, the two words combine to form conmigo.👇
🇪🇸 ¿Por qué no vienes conmigo?
🇬🇧 Why don't you come with me?
✏️Whenever ti follows the preposition con, the two words combine to form contigo.👇
🇪🇸 No voy contigo, voy con ellos.
🇬🇧 I'm not going with you, I'm going with them.
✏️Whenever you want to say "with him, with her, with you (formal), with them, with you-all (formal)" there are two possibilities. If the pronoun is referring to the subject of the sentence, use consigo. If the pronoun does not refer to the subject of the sentence, use con + the appropriate pronoun.👇
Pronoun does refer to the subject
🇬🇧 He took the pens with him(self).
🇪🇸 Él llevó las plumas consigo.
🇬🇧 Why don't you take a book with you(rself)?
🇪🇸 ¿Por qué no lleva un libro consigo?
Pronoun does not refer to the subject
🇬🇧 They live with him.
🇪🇸 Ellos viven con él.
🇬🇧 I don't want to talk to you.
🇪🇸 No quiero hablar con usted.
✏️There are six special prepositions that are followed by subject pronouns rather than object pronouns.👇
entre between
excepto except
incluso including
menos except
según according to
salvo except
Examples:👇
Entre tú y yo, esta comida es horrible.
Todos beben agua, incluso yo.
Según tú, la chica es bonita.
@espangles
PRONOUNS AS OBJECTS OF PREPOSITIONS.
✏️A pronoun is a word that is used instead of the name of a person or thing.
Juan - he, him
María - she, her
María and Juan - they, them
etc.
✏️You have already learned one set of pronouns, called the subject pronouns.👇
yo
tú
él, ella, usted
nosotros/as
vosotros/as
ellos, ellas, ustedes
✏️As the name implies, subject pronouns are the pronouns to use for the subject of the sentence.👇
Juan come mucho.
Él come mucho.
Juan y María hablan español.
Ellos hablan español.
✏️When the pronoun acts as the object of a preposition, a different set of pronouns is used.👇
Subject Pronouns Obj. Prep.Pronouns
yo mí
tú ti
él él
ella ella
usted usted
nosotros/as nosotros/as
vosotros/as vosotros/as
ellos/as ellos/as
ustedes ustedes
Note: Only mí and ti are different from the subject pronouns.
Use this second set of pronouns to replace the noun that comes immediately after a preposition.👇
🇪🇸 Juan habla de mí.
🇬🇧 Juan speaks of me.
🇪🇸 Hablo con ellos.
🇬🇧 I speak with them.
🇪🇸 Pablo compró un anillo para ella.
🇬🇧 Pablo bought a ring for her.
✏️Whenever mí follows the preposition con, the two words combine to form conmigo.👇
🇪🇸 ¿Por qué no vienes conmigo?
🇬🇧 Why don't you come with me?
✏️Whenever ti follows the preposition con, the two words combine to form contigo.👇
🇪🇸 No voy contigo, voy con ellos.
🇬🇧 I'm not going with you, I'm going with them.
✏️Whenever you want to say "with him, with her, with you (formal), with them, with you-all (formal)" there are two possibilities. If the pronoun is referring to the subject of the sentence, use consigo. If the pronoun does not refer to the subject of the sentence, use con + the appropriate pronoun.👇
Pronoun does refer to the subject
🇬🇧 He took the pens with him(self).
🇪🇸 Él llevó las plumas consigo.
🇬🇧 Why don't you take a book with you(rself)?
🇪🇸 ¿Por qué no lleva un libro consigo?
Pronoun does not refer to the subject
🇬🇧 They live with him.
🇪🇸 Ellos viven con él.
🇬🇧 I don't want to talk to you.
🇪🇸 No quiero hablar con usted.
✏️There are six special prepositions that are followed by subject pronouns rather than object pronouns.👇
entre between
excepto except
incluso including
menos except
según according to
salvo except
Examples:👇
Entre tú y yo, esta comida es horrible.
Todos beben agua, incluso yo.
Según tú, la chica es bonita.
@espangles
@espangles
Learn Spanish Inglés
🇬🇧 To take a taxi. @espangles
🇪🇸 Coger un taxi / tomar un taxi.
🇪🇸 Coger un taxi / tomar un taxi.
@espangles
Learn Spanish Inglés
🇬🇧 I’m in highschool but I want to be a neurologist.
🇪🇸 Estoy en la secundaria pero quiero ser neurólogo. @espangles
🇪🇸 Estoy en la secundaria pero quiero ser neurólogo. @espangles
#spanish #grammar
DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS : Part 1
✏️The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object.👇
Bill hit the ball.
"Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit."
Sherry reads the book.
"Book" receives the action of the verb "reads."
✏️The direct object can also be a person.👇
Sherry hit Bill.
(DO=Bill)
✏️The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing.👇
Bill hit the ball.
Bill hit what?
Bill hit the ball.
Sherry hit Bill.
Sherry hit whom?
Sherry hit Bill.
✏️Often, it is desirable to replace the name of the direct object with a pronoun.👇
Example 1
Paul bought the flowers. He took the flowers home and gave the flowers to his wife.
Example 2
Paul bought the flowers. He took them home and gave them to his wife.
✏️When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns:👇
me (me)
te (you-familiar)
lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)
nos (us)
os (you-all-familiar)
los, las (them, you-all-formal)
✏️In an affirmative statement with one verb, the direct object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb.👇
Tengo = I have
Tengo la pluma. = I have the pen.
La tengo. = I have it.
✏️The pronoun (la) comes immediately before the verb (tengo).👇
Notice that if the subject of the sentence changes, this does not affect the direct object pronoun.
Juan la tiene.
Juan tiene = John has
Juan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.
Juan la tiene. = John has it.
and
María la tiene.
María tiene = Mary has
María tiene la pluma. = Mary has the pen.
María la tiene. = Mary has it.
✏️However, if the direct object of the sentence changes to a masculine noun, the masculine pronoun must be used.👇
Juan lo tiene.
Juan tiene = John has
Juan tiene el libro. = John has the book.
Juan lo tiene. = John has it.
but
Juan la tiene.
Juan tiene = John has
Juan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.
Juan la tiene. = John has it.
✏️Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used.👇
Juan lo tiene.
Juan tiene = John has
Juan tiene el libro. = John has the book.
Juan lo tiene. = John has it.
but
María los tiene.
María tiene = Mary has
María tiene los libros. = Mary has the books.
María los tiene. = Mary has them.
✏️Look at how Spanish and English are different.
"Lo tengo" and "La tengo" BOTH mean "I have it."
Differences:👇
"It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la
"Tengo" one word in Spanish = two words in English (I have)
The word order is different. In Spanish, the pronoun (lo, la) comes before the verb; in English, the pronoun (it) comes after the verb.
✏️When you try to translate literally from English to Spanish, sometimes it works very well:👇
John eats the soup.
John = Juan
John eats = Juan come
John eats the = Juan come la
John eats the soup = Juan come la sopa.
✏️Other times, direct translation doesn't work so well:👇
I eat the soup.
I = Yo
I eat = Yo como
I eat the = Yo como la
I eat the soup = Yo como la sopa.
✏️Because "como" means "I eat," the word "yo" is redundant. A better translation might be:👇
I eat the soup. = Como la sopa.
✏️Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems:👇
I eat it. (the soup - la sopa)
I = Yo
I eat = Yo como
I eat it. = Yo como la.
This is completely incorrect!
The correct translation would be:👇
I eat it. (the soup)
La como.
✏️As you can see, directly translating sentences with direct object pronouns doesn't work, so ... don't do it! There is a better, easier way.
Learn to translate groups of words, rather than individual words. The first step is to learn to view two Spanish words as a single phrase.
Try to think of each line as a single phrase, not two separate words:👇
la como lo como
la leo lo leo
la veo lo veo
la tengo lo tengo
la compro lo compro
siguiente...👇
@espangles
DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS : Part 1
✏️The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object.👇
Bill hit the ball.
"Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit."
Sherry reads the book.
"Book" receives the action of the verb "reads."
✏️The direct object can also be a person.👇
Sherry hit Bill.
(DO=Bill)
✏️The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing.👇
Bill hit the ball.
Bill hit what?
Bill hit the ball.
Sherry hit Bill.
Sherry hit whom?
Sherry hit Bill.
✏️Often, it is desirable to replace the name of the direct object with a pronoun.👇
Example 1
Paul bought the flowers. He took the flowers home and gave the flowers to his wife.
Example 2
Paul bought the flowers. He took them home and gave them to his wife.
✏️When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns:👇
me (me)
te (you-familiar)
lo, la (him, her, it, you-formal)
nos (us)
os (you-all-familiar)
los, las (them, you-all-formal)
✏️In an affirmative statement with one verb, the direct object pronoun comes immediately before the conjugated verb.👇
Tengo = I have
Tengo la pluma. = I have the pen.
La tengo. = I have it.
✏️The pronoun (la) comes immediately before the verb (tengo).👇
Notice that if the subject of the sentence changes, this does not affect the direct object pronoun.
Juan la tiene.
Juan tiene = John has
Juan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.
Juan la tiene. = John has it.
and
María la tiene.
María tiene = Mary has
María tiene la pluma. = Mary has the pen.
María la tiene. = Mary has it.
✏️However, if the direct object of the sentence changes to a masculine noun, the masculine pronoun must be used.👇
Juan lo tiene.
Juan tiene = John has
Juan tiene el libro. = John has the book.
Juan lo tiene. = John has it.
but
Juan la tiene.
Juan tiene = John has
Juan tiene la pluma. = John has the pen.
Juan la tiene. = John has it.
✏️Likewise, if the direct object of the sentence changes from singular to plural, the plural pronoun must be used.👇
Juan lo tiene.
Juan tiene = John has
Juan tiene el libro. = John has the book.
Juan lo tiene. = John has it.
but
María los tiene.
María tiene = Mary has
María tiene los libros. = Mary has the books.
María los tiene. = Mary has them.
✏️Look at how Spanish and English are different.
"Lo tengo" and "La tengo" BOTH mean "I have it."
Differences:👇
"It" has two forms in Spanish: lo, la
"Tengo" one word in Spanish = two words in English (I have)
The word order is different. In Spanish, the pronoun (lo, la) comes before the verb; in English, the pronoun (it) comes after the verb.
✏️When you try to translate literally from English to Spanish, sometimes it works very well:👇
John eats the soup.
John = Juan
John eats = Juan come
John eats the = Juan come la
John eats the soup = Juan come la sopa.
✏️Other times, direct translation doesn't work so well:👇
I eat the soup.
I = Yo
I eat = Yo como
I eat the = Yo como la
I eat the soup = Yo como la sopa.
✏️Because "como" means "I eat," the word "yo" is redundant. A better translation might be:👇
I eat the soup. = Como la sopa.
✏️Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems:👇
I eat it. (the soup - la sopa)
I = Yo
I eat = Yo como
I eat it. = Yo como la.
This is completely incorrect!
The correct translation would be:👇
I eat it. (the soup)
La como.
✏️As you can see, directly translating sentences with direct object pronouns doesn't work, so ... don't do it! There is a better, easier way.
Learn to translate groups of words, rather than individual words. The first step is to learn to view two Spanish words as a single phrase.
Try to think of each line as a single phrase, not two separate words:👇
la como lo como
la leo lo leo
la veo lo veo
la tengo lo tengo
la compro lo compro
siguiente...👇
@espangles
Spanish Inglés Espangles
#spanish #grammar DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS : Part 1 ✏️The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object.👇 Bill hit the ball. "Ball" receives the action of the verb "hit." Sherry reads the book. "Book" receives the action…
#spanish #grammar
siguiente...👆
DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS : Part 1
✏️Read each line again. Before you do, glance at the translation beneath it. Then, read each line thinking of it as a phrase that has the same meaning as the English phrase below it.👇
la como = I eat it
(feminine DO - la sopa, la comida, etc.)
lo como = I eat it
(masculine DO - el pollo, el arroz, etc.)
la leo I read it
lo leo I read it
la veo I see it
lo veo I see it
la tengo I have it
lo tengo I have it
la compro I buy it
lo compro I buy it
✏️In the previous examples, it is clear that the subject of the sentence is "I" because the verbs are all conjugated in the "yo" form. With other verb forms, it is often desirable to add a word to clarify the subject.👇
🇪🇸 Juan la come. (la comida)
🇬🇧 Juan eats it.
🇪🇸 María lo tiene. (el libro)
🇬🇧 María has it.
🇪🇸 El chico la compra. (la pluma)
🇬🇧 The boy buys it.
🇪🇸 La chica lo ve. (el edificio)
🇬🇧 The girl sees it.
🇪🇸 Ustedes lo leen. (el periódico)
🇬🇧 You-all read it.
✏️Now, some examples of plural direct objects.👇
Juan come dos sándwiches.
Los come. or Juan los come.
María tiene tres libros.
Los tiene. or María los tiene.
El chico compra dos revistas.
Las compra. or El chico las compra.
La chica ve dos coches.
Los ve. or La chica los ve.
Ella compra dos televisores.
Los compra. or Ella los compra.
Tenemos dos mesas.
Las tenemos. or Nosotros las tenemos.
✏️Now, some examples where the direct object is a person.👇
I know you. Te conozco.
She loves him. Ella lo ama.
She loves me. Ella me ama.
Juan sees her. Juan la ve.
They call us. Ellos nos llaman.
We call them. Los llamamos.
@espangles
siguiente...👆
DIRECT OBJECT PRONOUNS : Part 1
✏️Read each line again. Before you do, glance at the translation beneath it. Then, read each line thinking of it as a phrase that has the same meaning as the English phrase below it.👇
la como = I eat it
(feminine DO - la sopa, la comida, etc.)
lo como = I eat it
(masculine DO - el pollo, el arroz, etc.)
la leo I read it
lo leo I read it
la veo I see it
lo veo I see it
la tengo I have it
lo tengo I have it
la compro I buy it
lo compro I buy it
✏️In the previous examples, it is clear that the subject of the sentence is "I" because the verbs are all conjugated in the "yo" form. With other verb forms, it is often desirable to add a word to clarify the subject.👇
🇪🇸 Juan la come. (la comida)
🇬🇧 Juan eats it.
🇪🇸 María lo tiene. (el libro)
🇬🇧 María has it.
🇪🇸 El chico la compra. (la pluma)
🇬🇧 The boy buys it.
🇪🇸 La chica lo ve. (el edificio)
🇬🇧 The girl sees it.
🇪🇸 Ustedes lo leen. (el periódico)
🇬🇧 You-all read it.
✏️Now, some examples of plural direct objects.👇
Juan come dos sándwiches.
Los come. or Juan los come.
María tiene tres libros.
Los tiene. or María los tiene.
El chico compra dos revistas.
Las compra. or El chico las compra.
La chica ve dos coches.
Los ve. or La chica los ve.
Ella compra dos televisores.
Los compra. or Ella los compra.
Tenemos dos mesas.
Las tenemos. or Nosotros las tenemos.
✏️Now, some examples where the direct object is a person.👇
I know you. Te conozco.
She loves him. Ella lo ama.
She loves me. Ella me ama.
Juan sees her. Juan la ve.
They call us. Ellos nos llaman.
We call them. Los llamamos.
@espangles
One of the club members raised a question but it was not taken ……. Because☟
everyone agreed that it was totally irrelevant to the subject under discussion.
everyone agreed that it was totally irrelevant to the subject under discussion.
Anonymous Quiz
24%
surely
8%
suitably
50%
seriously
18%
necessarily
Could you play basketball when you were a child?
Anonymous Quiz
25%
Yes i were
33%
yes i was
43%
no i could't
I know ...... English, so I have ...... problems when I go abroad.
Anonymous Quiz
28%
few / many
38%
a litte / many
25%
little / a lot of
9%
little / much