What Spacecraft are Headed into Interstellar Space?
Five spacecraft have achieved enough velocity to eventually travel beyond the boundaries of our solar system. Two of them reached the unexplored space between the stars after several decades in space.
Voyager 1 went interstellar in 2012 and Voyager 2 joined it in 2018. Both spacecraft are still in communication with Earth. Both spacecraft launched in 1977.
NASA's New Horizons spacecraft—currently exploring the an icy region beyond Neptune called the Kuiper Belt—eventually will leave our solar system.
Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 also will ultimately travel silently among the stars. The spacecraft used up their power supplies decades ago.
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Five spacecraft have achieved enough velocity to eventually travel beyond the boundaries of our solar system. Two of them reached the unexplored space between the stars after several decades in space.
Voyager 1 went interstellar in 2012 and Voyager 2 joined it in 2018. Both spacecraft are still in communication with Earth. Both spacecraft launched in 1977.
NASA's New Horizons spacecraft—currently exploring the an icy region beyond Neptune called the Kuiper Belt—eventually will leave our solar system.
Pioneer 10 and Pioneer 11 also will ultimately travel silently among the stars. The spacecraft used up their power supplies decades ago.
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What is particle physics?
Particle physics (also known as high energy physics) is a branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation. Although the word particle can refer to various types of very small objects (e.g. protons, gas particles, or even household dust), particle physics usually investigates the irreducibly smallest detectable particles and the fundamental interactions necessary to explain their behaviour.
In current understanding, these elementary particles are excitations of the quantum fields that also govern their interactions. The currently dominant theory explaining these fundamental particles and fields, along with their dynamics, is called the Standard Model. Thus, modern particle physics generally investigates the Standard Model and its various possible extensions, e.g. to the newest "known" particle, the Higgs boson, or even to the oldest known force field, gravity.
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Particle physics (also known as high energy physics) is a branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation. Although the word particle can refer to various types of very small objects (e.g. protons, gas particles, or even household dust), particle physics usually investigates the irreducibly smallest detectable particles and the fundamental interactions necessary to explain their behaviour.
In current understanding, these elementary particles are excitations of the quantum fields that also govern their interactions. The currently dominant theory explaining these fundamental particles and fields, along with their dynamics, is called the Standard Model. Thus, modern particle physics generally investigates the Standard Model and its various possible extensions, e.g. to the newest "known" particle, the Higgs boson, or even to the oldest known force field, gravity.
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Hey Guys i want to thank graphic designer @Zboyaman for making this amazing profile pic for this channel
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ታዋቂ ከሆኑት ፕላኔትሪ ኔቡላ ውስጥ አንዷ ሉተኒያ ኮንስታሌሽን (NGC 6720, M 57) ውስጥ ያለችው ቀለበት ኔቡላ ናት። approximately 2300 l. ከምድር ርቆ ይገኛል። ይች ኔቡላ 20 ኪሜ/ሰኮንድ እየተለጠጠች ያለች ቆንጆ ኔቡላ ናት ፣ ይች ኔቡላ ቅራፊ የመሃል ኮከብ ያላት ፣ ቀደም ሲል ቀይ ትልቅ ፣ ከአመታት በፊት የውጪ መስመርዋን የካደች ሲሆን በመጨረሻው ኢቮሉሽን ነጭ ድዋርፍ ሆናለች። የኔቡላዋ መሃል አካባቢ ጥቁር ይመስላል ፣ ምክንያቱም በዋናነት የ UV ጨረርን ይመለከታል። የውስጥ ቀለበት ቦታዎች አረንጓዴ ፣ ከአይን የተረፈ ኦክስጅን ሲሆን ውጪው ፣ ቀይ ፣ ሀይድሮጅን ባለውለታዎች ናቸው። የኔቡላዋ ሙቀት 125K ተቃርቧል።
በ Hubble Space Telescope እና በታላቁ Binocular Telescope (LBT) የተነሳው ፎቶ ይኸው።
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በ Hubble Space Telescope እና በታላቁ Binocular Telescope (LBT) የተነሳው ፎቶ ይኸው።
ይህን ሊንክ 👉 @ethio_physics በመጫን ኢትዮ ፊዚክስን ይቀላቀሉ።
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የ Centaur ኮንስቴለሽን እንግዳ NGC 4622 spiral galaxy. ከመሬት 111 mln l. ርቀት ደርሷል። ሎል እናም ሁለቱ የውጪ እጆቿ (በሰማያዊ ከዋክብት የተነሱ) የጋላክሲውን ማእከል በሰዓት እንቅስቃሴ እየዞሩ ስለሆነ ግራ የሚያጋባ ነው ፣ የውስጥ ክንዱ (ብርቱካናማ) በተቃራኒው ጋላክሲው ሲዞር ። ይህ ቢዛሪ የሮታሪ ስፓይራል ትከሻ ከታወቁ ግዙፍ ጋላክሲዎች መካከል ልዩ ነው። አብዛኛዎቹ በሮቴሽን ወቅት ከጀርባቸው የሚንቀሳቀሱ የጋዝ ክንዶችና ኮከቦች አሉዋቸው። ይህ ጋላክሲ ግን ሁለት አለው። የውጪን እቅዶች መምራት ፣ በሰዓትም አቅጣጫ የሚመራ ፣ ውስጣዊ ′′ ዝናብ′′ ያለውም ጭምር ነው ። አስትሮኖመሮች ይህንን እንቆቅልሽ ያብራሩታል ከዚህ ቀደም ከሌላ አነስተኛ ጋላክሲ ጋር ያለው መስተጋብር ውጤት ነው ። በመጨረሻም ፣ የጋላክሲ እና የእጅ አዙር ዲስኦርደር ኤንጂሲ 4622. ተከስቷል ።
ፎቶ: Hubble Space Telescope.
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ፎቶ: Hubble Space Telescope.
ይህን ሊንክ 👉 @ethio_physics በመጫን ኢትዮ ፊዚክስን ይቀላቀሉ።
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ሦስቱ የጠፈር መንኮራኩር ዋና ሞተሮች ወደ 37 ሚሊዮን ገደማ ከፍተኛ የፈረስ ኃይል ያመነጫሉ፡፡ የነዳጅ ፓምፕ ብቻውን እስከ 71,000 የፈረስ ኃይልን ያቀርባል ፣ የኦክስጂን ፓምፕ ወደ 23,000 ያህል ይሰጣል፡፡ ልክ እንደ ንፅፅር ፣ የነዳጅ ፓምፕ ብቻ የ 28 ሎኮሞቲቮች(ጎታቾች) ጋር ተመጣጣኝ ፈረስ ኃይል ነው፡፡ እናም በኦክስጂን ፓምፕ ፈረስ ኃይል ፣ ያ ምናልባት ከ 11 ተጨማሪ የሎኮሞቲቮች(ጎታቾች) ጋር እኩል ይሆናል፡፡
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What is Quantum Tunneling?
Quantum tunnelling or tunneling is the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a wavefunction can propagate through a potential barrier.
The transmission through the barrier can be finite and depends exponentially on the barrier height and barrier width. The wavefunction may disappear on one side and reappear on the other side. The wavefunction and its first derivative are continuous. In steady-state, the probability flux in the forward direction is spatially uniform. No particle or wave is lost. Tunneling occurs with barriers of thickness around 1–3 nm and smaller.
Some authors also identify the mere penetration of the wavefunction into the barrier, without transmission on the other side as a tunneling effect. Quantum tunneling is not predicted by the laws of classical mechanics where surmounting a potential barrier requires potential energy.
Quantum tunneling plays an essential role in physical phenomena, such as nuclear fusion.It has applications in the tunnel diode, quantum computing, and in the scanning tunneling microscope.
The effect was predicted in the early 20th century. Its acceptance as a general physical phenomenon came mid-century.
Quantum tunneling is projected to create physical limits to the size of the transistors used in microelectronics, due to electrons being able to tunnel past transistors that are too small.
Tunneling may be explained in terms of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in that a quantum object can be known as a wave or as a particle in general. In other words, the uncertainty in the exact location of light particles allows these particles to break rules of classical mechanics and move in space without passing over the potential energy barrier.
Quantum tunnelling may be one of the mechanisms of proton decay.
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Quantum tunnelling or tunneling is the quantum mechanical phenomenon where a wavefunction can propagate through a potential barrier.
The transmission through the barrier can be finite and depends exponentially on the barrier height and barrier width. The wavefunction may disappear on one side and reappear on the other side. The wavefunction and its first derivative are continuous. In steady-state, the probability flux in the forward direction is spatially uniform. No particle or wave is lost. Tunneling occurs with barriers of thickness around 1–3 nm and smaller.
Some authors also identify the mere penetration of the wavefunction into the barrier, without transmission on the other side as a tunneling effect. Quantum tunneling is not predicted by the laws of classical mechanics where surmounting a potential barrier requires potential energy.
Quantum tunneling plays an essential role in physical phenomena, such as nuclear fusion.It has applications in the tunnel diode, quantum computing, and in the scanning tunneling microscope.
The effect was predicted in the early 20th century. Its acceptance as a general physical phenomenon came mid-century.
Quantum tunneling is projected to create physical limits to the size of the transistors used in microelectronics, due to electrons being able to tunnel past transistors that are too small.
Tunneling may be explained in terms of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in that a quantum object can be known as a wave or as a particle in general. In other words, the uncertainty in the exact location of light particles allows these particles to break rules of classical mechanics and move in space without passing over the potential energy barrier.
Quantum tunnelling may be one of the mechanisms of proton decay.
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❤1
ፍኖተ ሀሊብ(Milkyway)
#ክፍል_አንድ
ፍኖተ ሀሊብ(Milkyway) በዩኒቨርስ ውስጥ ከሚገኙ በትሪሊዮን ከሚቆጠሩ ጋላክሲዎች ውስጥ አንዱ ሲሆን ስርአተ-ፀሀያችን የሚገኘውም በዚህ ውስጥ ሰፍሮ ነው። ጋላክሲ የከዋክብት፣ የፕላኔቶች፣ የኮሜቶች፣ አስትሮይዶች እና ሌሎች ሰፍር ቁጥር የሌላቸው የህዋ አካላት ክምችት ማለት ነው። ፍኖተ ሀሊብ ከ 100 እስከ 400 ቢልዮን የሚደርስ ከዋክብት እንደያዘ የሚታመን ሲሆን በትንሹ 100 ቢልዮን ፕላኔቶችም አቅፎ እንደያዘ ይገመታል። ከጥግ እስከ ጥግ ከ 100,000 እስከ 180,000 የብርሀን አመት እንደሚለጠጥ የሚታመነው ይህ ጋላክሲ በህዋ ውስጥ ከሴኮንድ 600 ኪ.ሜ በሆነ ፍጥነት ይጉዋዛል።
ፍኖተ ሀሊብ ከመሀከለኛ ስፍራው እየተጠማዘዙ የሚወጡ ዋና ዋና አራት ክንዶች ሲኖሩት ቅጥያ የሆኑ ሁለት ተጨማሪ ክንዶችንም ይዟል። አራቱ ዋና ዋናዎቹ ሲግነስ ክንድ፣ ፐርሲየስ ክንድ፣ ኦርዮን ክንድ እና ስኩተም ሴንታውረስ ክንድ ሲባሉ ቅጥያዎቹ ደግሞ ሳጁታርየስ ክንድ እና ኖርማ ክንድ በመባል ይታወቃሉ። [ለመረዳት ግልፅ በሆነ መልኩ በምስሉ ላይ አስቀምጬዋለሁኝ] የኛ ስርአተ ፀሀይ የሚገኘው ኦርዮን የተሰኘው ክንድ ላይ ነው። በክንዶቹ መሀከል ያለውን ስፍራ ዲስክ ብለን እንጠራዋለን።
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#ይቀጥላል
#ክፍል_አንድ
ፍኖተ ሀሊብ(Milkyway) በዩኒቨርስ ውስጥ ከሚገኙ በትሪሊዮን ከሚቆጠሩ ጋላክሲዎች ውስጥ አንዱ ሲሆን ስርአተ-ፀሀያችን የሚገኘውም በዚህ ውስጥ ሰፍሮ ነው። ጋላክሲ የከዋክብት፣ የፕላኔቶች፣ የኮሜቶች፣ አስትሮይዶች እና ሌሎች ሰፍር ቁጥር የሌላቸው የህዋ አካላት ክምችት ማለት ነው። ፍኖተ ሀሊብ ከ 100 እስከ 400 ቢልዮን የሚደርስ ከዋክብት እንደያዘ የሚታመን ሲሆን በትንሹ 100 ቢልዮን ፕላኔቶችም አቅፎ እንደያዘ ይገመታል። ከጥግ እስከ ጥግ ከ 100,000 እስከ 180,000 የብርሀን አመት እንደሚለጠጥ የሚታመነው ይህ ጋላክሲ በህዋ ውስጥ ከሴኮንድ 600 ኪ.ሜ በሆነ ፍጥነት ይጉዋዛል።
ፍኖተ ሀሊብ ከመሀከለኛ ስፍራው እየተጠማዘዙ የሚወጡ ዋና ዋና አራት ክንዶች ሲኖሩት ቅጥያ የሆኑ ሁለት ተጨማሪ ክንዶችንም ይዟል። አራቱ ዋና ዋናዎቹ ሲግነስ ክንድ፣ ፐርሲየስ ክንድ፣ ኦርዮን ክንድ እና ስኩተም ሴንታውረስ ክንድ ሲባሉ ቅጥያዎቹ ደግሞ ሳጁታርየስ ክንድ እና ኖርማ ክንድ በመባል ይታወቃሉ። [ለመረዳት ግልፅ በሆነ መልኩ በምስሉ ላይ አስቀምጬዋለሁኝ] የኛ ስርአተ ፀሀይ የሚገኘው ኦርዮን የተሰኘው ክንድ ላይ ነው። በክንዶቹ መሀከል ያለውን ስፍራ ዲስክ ብለን እንጠራዋለን።
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#ይቀጥላል
#ክፍል_2
ይህ ምስል የፍኖተሀሊብ እውነተኛ ፎቶ አይደለም። ህዋ ላይ በሚገኙ እንደ እነ ስፒትዘር አይነት ተንሳፋፊ ቴሌስኮፖች እና ምድር ላይ በሚገኙ ቴሌስኮፖች በመጠቀም ከኮምፒውተር እርዳታ ጋር ያለንበት ጋላክሲ ይህንን ሊመስል እንደሚችል ተገምቷል።
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ይህ ምስል የፍኖተሀሊብ እውነተኛ ፎቶ አይደለም። ህዋ ላይ በሚገኙ እንደ እነ ስፒትዘር አይነት ተንሳፋፊ ቴሌስኮፖች እና ምድር ላይ በሚገኙ ቴሌስኮፖች በመጠቀም ከኮምፒውተር እርዳታ ጋር ያለንበት ጋላክሲ ይህንን ሊመስል እንደሚችል ተገምቷል።
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#ክፍል_3
የፍኖተ ሀሊብ መሀከለኛ ክፍል በተለየ መልኩ የከዋክብት ክምችት ይታይበታል፤ ይህ ስፍራ በሳይንሱ አጠራር 'ጋላክቲክ በልጅ' ይሰኛል። እዚህ ክምችት ውስጥ ከፍተኛ የስበት ሀይል ያለው ሱፐርማሲፍ ፀሊም ጉድጉዋድ(Supermassive blackhole) እንዳለ የሚታመን ሲሆን እኤአ April 10 2019 ለመጀመሪያ ግዜ የዚህ ፀሊም ጉድጉዋድን ቅርፅ የሚያሳይ ፎቶ ተመራማሪዎች ለቀዋል! #እንዴት_አነሱት? #ምን_ተጠቀሙ? በሌላ ፅሁፍ ማቀርበው ይሆናል! ይህ ፀሊም ጉድጉዋድ የመላው ጋላክሲውን እንቅስቃሴ የሚቆጣጠር እጅግ ከፍተኛ የስበት ሀይል ያለው አካል ነው። የፍኖተ ሀሊብ ጥምዝ ክንዶች ይህን ፀሊም ጉድጉዋድ በሴኮንድ 220 ኪ.ሜ በሆነ ፍጥነት ይዞሩታል።
ምስሉን ማየቱን አይዘንጉ
#ይቀጥላል
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የፍኖተ ሀሊብ መሀከለኛ ክፍል በተለየ መልኩ የከዋክብት ክምችት ይታይበታል፤ ይህ ስፍራ በሳይንሱ አጠራር 'ጋላክቲክ በልጅ' ይሰኛል። እዚህ ክምችት ውስጥ ከፍተኛ የስበት ሀይል ያለው ሱፐርማሲፍ ፀሊም ጉድጉዋድ(Supermassive blackhole) እንዳለ የሚታመን ሲሆን እኤአ April 10 2019 ለመጀመሪያ ግዜ የዚህ ፀሊም ጉድጉዋድን ቅርፅ የሚያሳይ ፎቶ ተመራማሪዎች ለቀዋል! #እንዴት_አነሱት? #ምን_ተጠቀሙ? በሌላ ፅሁፍ ማቀርበው ይሆናል! ይህ ፀሊም ጉድጉዋድ የመላው ጋላክሲውን እንቅስቃሴ የሚቆጣጠር እጅግ ከፍተኛ የስበት ሀይል ያለው አካል ነው። የፍኖተ ሀሊብ ጥምዝ ክንዶች ይህን ፀሊም ጉድጉዋድ በሴኮንድ 220 ኪ.ሜ በሆነ ፍጥነት ይዞሩታል።
ምስሉን ማየቱን አይዘንጉ
#ይቀጥላል
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