GS-3 Mains 2025.pdf
3.1 MB
✅UPSC CSM 2025 General Studies -3
🔰Gs-3 : Analysis - Annual ritual since 2020- click here
10-mark Questions (150 words)
🅾️Q1. Distinguish between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with special reference to India. Why is the IHDI considered a better indicator of inclusive growth?- Static Question - click here
🅾️Q2. What are the challenges before the Indian economy when the world is moving away from free trade and multilateralism to protectionism and bilateralism? How can these challenges be met?- Click here and here
🅾️Q3. Explain the factors influencing the decision of the farmers on the selection of high value crops in India- Click here.
🅾️Q4. Elaborate the scope and significance of supply chain management of agricultural commodities in India- Static topic- click here and here
🅾️Q5. The fusion energy programme in India has steadily evolved over the past few decades. Mention India’s contributions to the international fusion energy project (ITER). What will be the implications of the success of this project for the future of global energy?- Click here
🅾️Q6. How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology play a crucial role in this endeavour?- Click here for first part and second part - Click here
🅾️Q7. What is Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)? What is the potential role of CCUS in tackling climate change?- Click here
🅾️Q8. Seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers is a major concern in India. What are the causes of seawater intrusion and the remedial measures to combat this hazard?- Click here ( brief mention only- cant answer through this issue)
🅾️Q9. Terrorism is a global scourge. How has it manifested in India? Elaborate with contemporary examples. What are the countermeasures adopted by the State? Explain- https://youtu.be/pMefr_Xq4nQ and this
🅾️Q10. The Government of India recently stated that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) will be eliminated by 2026. What do you understand by LWE and how are the people affected by it? What measures have been taken by the government to eliminate LWE?- COvered only in mentorship program=> will make another detailed post on this later.
10-mark Questions (150 words)
🅾️Q1. Distinguish between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with special reference to India. Why is the IHDI considered a better indicator of inclusive growth?- Static Question - click here
🅾️Q2. What are the challenges before the Indian economy when the world is moving away from free trade and multilateralism to protectionism and bilateralism? How can these challenges be met?- Click here and here
🅾️Q3. Explain the factors influencing the decision of the farmers on the selection of high value crops in India- Click here.
🅾️Q4. Elaborate the scope and significance of supply chain management of agricultural commodities in India- Static topic- click here and here
🅾️Q5. The fusion energy programme in India has steadily evolved over the past few decades. Mention India’s contributions to the international fusion energy project (ITER). What will be the implications of the success of this project for the future of global energy?- Click here
🅾️Q6. How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology play a crucial role in this endeavour?- Click here for first part and second part - Click here
🅾️Q7. What is Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)? What is the potential role of CCUS in tackling climate change?- Click here
🅾️Q8. Seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers is a major concern in India. What are the causes of seawater intrusion and the remedial measures to combat this hazard?- Click here ( brief mention only- cant answer through this issue)
🅾️Q9. Terrorism is a global scourge. How has it manifested in India? Elaborate with contemporary examples. What are the countermeasures adopted by the State? Explain- https://youtu.be/pMefr_Xq4nQ and this
🅾️Q10. The Government of India recently stated that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) will be eliminated by 2026. What do you understand by LWE and how are the people affected by it? What measures have been taken by the government to eliminate LWE?- COvered only in mentorship program=> will make another detailed post on this later.
🔰Gs-3 : Analysis - Part 2 Annual ritual since 2020- click here- For part 1 of Gs-3 analysis - Click here
15-mark Questions (250 words)
🅾️Q11. Explain how the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) can be used as a tool for assessing the fiscal performance of states in India. In what way would it encourage the states to adopt prudent and sustainable fiscal policies?- Click here- Direct question
🅾️Q12. Discuss the rationale of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. What are its achievements? In what way can the functioning and outcomes of the scheme be improved?- Click here
🅾️Q13. Examine the factors responsible for depleting groundwater in India. What are the steps taken by the government to mitigate such depletion of groundwater?- Click here and here
🅾️Q14. Examine the scope of the food processing industries in India. Elaborate the measures taken by the government in the food processing industries for generating employment opportunities- Click here
🅾️Q15. How does nanotechnology offer significant advancements in the field of agriculture? How can this technology help to uplift the socio-economic status of farmers?- Click here
🅾️Q16.India aims to become a semiconductor manufacturing hub. What are the challenges faced by the semiconductor industry in India? Mention the salient features of the India Semiconductor Mission. - Click here and here and here
🅾️Q17. Mineral resources are fundamental to the country’s economy and these are exploited by mining. Why is mining considered an environmental hazard? Explain the remedial measures required to reduce the environmental hazard due to mining- Static topic+ CA background
🅾️Q18. Write a review on India’s climate commitments under the Paris Agreement (2015) and mention how these have been further strengthened in COP26 (2021). In this direction, how has the first Nationally Determined Contribution intended by India been updated in 2022?- Click here
🅾️Q19. What are the major challenges to internal security and the peace process in the North-Eastern States? Map the various peace accords and agreements initiated by the government in the past decade.- Click here and here and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcg9YL7A_9Q
🅾️Q20. Why is maritime security vital to protect India’s sea trade? Discuss maritime and coastal security challenges and the way forward- Click here
Join @hinduhighlights for others papers' analysis- Also wait for a detailed post on way ahead- from 2020- 2025- all these years of experience has shown that newspapers cant be substituted! Rest is for you to decide :)
15-mark Questions (250 words)
🅾️Q11. Explain how the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) can be used as a tool for assessing the fiscal performance of states in India. In what way would it encourage the states to adopt prudent and sustainable fiscal policies?- Click here- Direct question
🅾️Q12. Discuss the rationale of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. What are its achievements? In what way can the functioning and outcomes of the scheme be improved?- Click here
🅾️Q13. Examine the factors responsible for depleting groundwater in India. What are the steps taken by the government to mitigate such depletion of groundwater?- Click here and here
🅾️Q14. Examine the scope of the food processing industries in India. Elaborate the measures taken by the government in the food processing industries for generating employment opportunities- Click here
🅾️Q15. How does nanotechnology offer significant advancements in the field of agriculture? How can this technology help to uplift the socio-economic status of farmers?- Click here
🅾️Q16.India aims to become a semiconductor manufacturing hub. What are the challenges faced by the semiconductor industry in India? Mention the salient features of the India Semiconductor Mission. - Click here and here and here
🅾️Q17. Mineral resources are fundamental to the country’s economy and these are exploited by mining. Why is mining considered an environmental hazard? Explain the remedial measures required to reduce the environmental hazard due to mining- Static topic+ CA background
🅾️Q18. Write a review on India’s climate commitments under the Paris Agreement (2015) and mention how these have been further strengthened in COP26 (2021). In this direction, how has the first Nationally Determined Contribution intended by India been updated in 2022?- Click here
🅾️Q19. What are the major challenges to internal security and the peace process in the North-Eastern States? Map the various peace accords and agreements initiated by the government in the past decade.- Click here and here and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcg9YL7A_9Q
🅾️Q20. Why is maritime security vital to protect India’s sea trade? Discuss maritime and coastal security challenges and the way forward- Click here
Join @hinduhighlights for others papers' analysis- Also wait for a detailed post on way ahead- from 2020- 2025- all these years of experience has shown that newspapers cant be substituted! Rest is for you to decide :)
✅Gs-3 : Mobilization of resources- GST rationalization
🅾️Govt proposes reducing slabs from 7 (0.25%, 3%, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28% + cess) → to four slabs (5%, 18%, 40%, <1%). Items in 12% slab → 5%, 90% of 28% slab → 18%, only sin goods (tobacco, gambling, etc.) → 40%.
🅾️Revenue worry: Govt may lose ₹1–1.8 lakh crore; RBI dividend transfer will help Centre, but States are more worried.
🅾️Should States be compensated for revenue loss?- Since GST launch (2017), States had 5-yr compensation guarantee (till June 2022). That ended, making States anxious.
⚜️Divergence issue: Larger manufacturing States (e.g. Maharashtra, Karnataka) benefit from wider base, while smaller States (NE, hill States) feel pressure since base is narrower.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Govt proposes reducing slabs from 7 (0.25%, 3%, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28% + cess) → to four slabs (5%, 18%, 40%, <1%). Items in 12% slab → 5%, 90% of 28% slab → 18%, only sin goods (tobacco, gambling, etc.) → 40%.
🅾️Revenue worry: Govt may lose ₹1–1.8 lakh crore; RBI dividend transfer will help Centre, but States are more worried.
🅾️Should States be compensated for revenue loss?- Since GST launch (2017), States had 5-yr compensation guarantee (till June 2022). That ended, making States anxious.
⚜️Divergence issue: Larger manufacturing States (e.g. Maharashtra, Karnataka) benefit from wider base, while smaller States (NE, hill States) feel pressure since base is narrower.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-1 : Indian Society-Salient features of Indian society-> patriarchy
✅Gs-2 : Vulnerable sections- Old age- Women
🅾️Concept : Feminisation of ageing in India- India Ageing Report 2023: Elderly population projected to be 20% of India’s population by 2050. Women live longer (avg. life expectancy higher than men) → but more likely to spend extra years in poor health.
⚠️Problem: Gendered Health Disadvantage- Society views elderly women as passive dependents, not individuals with distinct needs
🔰Ethical Angle :
⚜️1. Justice: Intergenerational equity, fair distribution of healthcare resources.
⚜️2. Dignity: Elderly women deserve respect but not apathy.
⚜️3. Compassion: Recognising their lifelong unpaid labour and sacrifices.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : Vulnerable sections- Old age- Women
🅾️Concept : Feminisation of ageing in India- India Ageing Report 2023: Elderly population projected to be 20% of India’s population by 2050. Women live longer (avg. life expectancy higher than men) → but more likely to spend extra years in poor health.
⚠️Problem: Gendered Health Disadvantage- Society views elderly women as passive dependents, not individuals with distinct needs
🔰Ethical Angle :
⚜️1. Justice: Intergenerational equity, fair distribution of healthcare resources.
⚜️2. Dignity: Elderly women deserve respect but not apathy.
⚜️3. Compassion: Recognising their lifelong unpaid labour and sacrifices.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Sunday Advice :
🅾️You all saw the 2025 UPSC mains analysis- Almost all questions were covered- Click here
⚠️Use this sunday to give some time and learn how to pick those Current affairs- explained in detail through this video-
https://youtu.be/urLWhpHjco8
🅾️You all saw the 2025 UPSC mains analysis- Almost all questions were covered- Click here
⚠️Use this sunday to give some time and learn how to pick those Current affairs- explained in detail through this video-
https://youtu.be/urLWhpHjco8
✅Gs-3 : Mobilization of resources- Theory of comparative advantage in Trade deficits
🅾️Trade deficit = imports > exports. Politicians often see this as “loss” to the importing country. But economics says: trade deficit can also reflect comparative advantage and capital inflows. Example: US runs trade deficits but attracts global capital because of trust in its economy
🅾️Imposing higher import tariffs is bad economics. Imports can be good if they allow focus on sectors where a country has efficiency advantage. Trade based on comparative advantage raises overall welfare. Protectionism hurts long-term growth and consumer welfare.
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Trade deficit = imports > exports. Politicians often see this as “loss” to the importing country. But economics says: trade deficit can also reflect comparative advantage and capital inflows. Example: US runs trade deficits but attracts global capital because of trust in its economy
🅾️Imposing higher import tariffs is bad economics. Imports can be good if they allow focus on sectors where a country has efficiency advantage. Trade based on comparative advantage raises overall welfare. Protectionism hurts long-term growth and consumer welfare.
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : Health- Issues with health insurance in India
🅾️Universal Health Coverage (UHC) = quality health care for all without financial hardship.
🅾️India’s record: low public spending (~1.3% of GDP vs world avg 6%), reliance on out-of-pocket expenditure.
⚠️Question: Can expanding health insurance bridge this gap?- Insurance focuses on hospitalisation, not primary care-reventive & outpatient care ignored → increased hospital admissions + fiscal burden.
⚜️Surveys: 35% of insured households never used cover. Also ₹28,000 crore is small now, but rising fast. Tertiary care + ageing population could crowd out spending for primary/basic care- Click here and read about Geriatric care.
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Universal Health Coverage (UHC) = quality health care for all without financial hardship.
🅾️India’s record: low public spending (~1.3% of GDP vs world avg 6%), reliance on out-of-pocket expenditure.
⚠️Question: Can expanding health insurance bridge this gap?- Insurance focuses on hospitalisation, not primary care-reventive & outpatient care ignored → increased hospital admissions + fiscal burden.
⚜️Surveys: 35% of insured households never used cover. Also ₹28,000 crore is small now, but rising fast. Tertiary care + ageing population could crowd out spending for primary/basic care- Click here and read about Geriatric care.
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Pollution- Noise pollution
🅾️Sound limits: 50 dB(A) in day, 40 dB(A) at night in silent zones (WHO), but Delhi/Bengaluru often cross 65–7s:0 dB(A).
🔰Ecological and social Costs of Noise pollution :
⚜️Birds & Biodiversity: Disrupted social signalling, reduced mating/feeding efficiency, breakdown of communication systems.
⚜️Vulnerable Groups: Children, elderly, hospital patients disproportionately affected.
⚜️Economic Costs: EU estimated €100 billion annual burden → India hasn’t even measured.
🌟Fundamental Rights: SC has held that unchecked noise disrupts Article 21 – right to life and dignity- In this context, read a technical solution to uphold this as per Church of God (Full Gospel) in India v. K.K.R. Majestic Colony Welfare Association (2000)- Click here
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Sound limits: 50 dB(A) in day, 40 dB(A) at night in silent zones (WHO), but Delhi/Bengaluru often cross 65–7s:0 dB(A).
🔰Ecological and social Costs of Noise pollution :
⚜️Birds & Biodiversity: Disrupted social signalling, reduced mating/feeding efficiency, breakdown of communication systems.
⚜️Vulnerable Groups: Children, elderly, hospital patients disproportionately affected.
⚜️Economic Costs: EU estimated €100 billion annual burden → India hasn’t even measured.
🌟Fundamental Rights: SC has held that unchecked noise disrupts Article 21 – right to life and dignity- In this context, read a technical solution to uphold this as per Church of God (Full Gospel) in India v. K.K.R. Majestic Colony Welfare Association (2000)- Click here
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu