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🔰Gs-3 : Analysis - Annual ritual since 2020- click here

10-mark Questions (150 words)
🅾️Q1. Distinguish between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) with special reference to India. Why is the IHDI considered a better indicator of inclusive growth?- Static Question -
click here

🅾️Q2. What are the challenges before the Indian economy when the world is moving away from free trade and multilateralism to protectionism and bilateralism? How can these challenges be met?-
Click here and here

🅾️Q3. Explain the factors influencing the decision of the farmers on the selection of high value crops in India-
Click here.

🅾️Q4. Elaborate the scope and significance of supply chain management of agricultural commodities in India- Static topic-
click here and here

🅾️Q5. The fusion energy programme in India has steadily evolved over the past few decades. Mention India’s contributions to the international fusion energy project (ITER). What will be the implications of the success of this project for the future of global energy?-
Click here

🅾️Q6. How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology play a crucial role in this endeavour?-
Click here for first part and second part - Click here

🅾️Q7. What is Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS)? What is the potential role of CCUS in tackling climate change?-
Click here

🅾️Q8. Seawater intrusion in the coastal aquifers is a major concern in India. What are the causes of seawater intrusion and the remedial measures to combat this hazard?-
Click here ( brief mention only- cant answer through this issue)

🅾️Q9. Terrorism is a global scourge. How has it manifested in India? Elaborate with contemporary examples. What are the countermeasures adopted by the State? Explain-
https://youtu.be/pMefr_Xq4nQ and this

🅾️Q10. The Government of India recently stated that Left Wing Extremism (LWE) will be eliminated by 2026. What do you understand by LWE and how are the people affected by it? What measures have been taken by the government to eliminate LWE?- COvered only in mentorship program=> will make another detailed post on this later.
🔰Gs-3 : Analysis - Part 2 Annual ritual since 2020- click here- For part 1 of Gs-3 analysis - Click here

15-mark Questions (250 words)

🅾️Q11. Explain how the Fiscal Health Index (FHI) can be used as a tool for assessing the fiscal performance of states in India. In what way would it encourage the states to adopt prudent and sustainable fiscal policies?-
Click here- Direct question

🅾️Q12. Discuss the rationale of the Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme. What are its achievements? In what way can the functioning and outcomes of the scheme be improved?-
Click here

🅾️Q13. Examine the factors responsible for depleting groundwater in India. What are the steps taken by the government to mitigate such depletion of groundwater?-
Click here and here

🅾️Q14. Examine the scope of the food processing industries in India. Elaborate the measures taken by the government in the food processing industries for generating employment opportunities-
Click here

🅾️Q15. How does nanotechnology offer significant advancements in the field of agriculture? How can this technology help to uplift the socio-economic status of farmers?-
Click here

🅾️Q16.India aims to become a semiconductor manufacturing hub. What are the challenges faced by the semiconductor industry in India?
Mention the salient features of the India Semiconductor Mission. - Click here and here and here

🅾️Q17. Mineral resources are fundamental to the country’s economy and these are exploited by mining. Why is mining considered an environmental hazard? Explain the remedial measures required to reduce the environmental hazard due to mining- Static topic+
CA background

🅾️Q18. Write a review on India’s climate commitments under the Paris Agreement (2015) and mention how these have been further strengthened in COP26 (2021). In this direction, how has the first Nationally Determined Contribution intended by India been updated in 2022?-
Click here

🅾️Q19. What are the major challenges to internal security and the peace process in the North-Eastern States? Map the various peace accords and agreements initiated by the government in the past decade.-
Click here and here and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tcg9YL7A_9Q

🅾️Q20. Why is maritime security vital to protect India’s sea trade? Discuss maritime and coastal security challenges and the way forward-
Click here

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@hinduhighlights for others papers' analysis- Also wait for a detailed post on way ahead- from 2020- 2025- all these years of experience has shown that newspapers cant be substituted! Rest is for you to decide :)
UPSC GS-4.pdf
9.7 MB
Gs-4 - Ethics
Gs-3 : Mobilization of resources- GST rationalization

🅾️Govt proposes reducing slabs from 7 (0.25%, 3%, 5%, 12%, 18%, 28% + cess) to four slabs (5%, 18%, 40%, <1%). Items in 12% slab → 5%, 90% of 28% slab → 18%, only sin goods (tobacco, gambling, etc.) → 40%.

🅾️Revenue worry: Govt may lose ₹1–1.8 lakh crore; RBI dividend transfer will help Centre, but States are more worried.

🅾️Should States be compensated for revenue loss?- Since GST launch (2017), States had 5-yr compensation guarantee (till June 2022). That ended, making States anxious.

⚜️Divergence issue: Larger manufacturing States (e.g. Maharashtra, Karnataka) benefit from wider base, while smaller States (NE, hill States) feel pressure since base is narrower.


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Gs-1 : Indian Society-Salient features of Indian society-> patriarchy

Gs-2 : Vulnerable sections- Old age- Women

🅾️Concept : Feminisation of ageing in India- India Ageing Report 2023: Elderly population projected to be 20% of India’s population by 2050. Women live longer (avg. life expectancy higher than men) → but more likely to spend extra years in poor health.

⚠️Problem: Gendered Health Disadvantage- Society views elderly women as passive dependents, not individuals with distinct needs

🔰Ethical Angle :

⚜️1. Justice: Intergenerational equity, fair distribution of healthcare resources.
⚜️2. Dignity: Elderly women deserve respect but not apathy.
⚜️3. Compassion: Recognising their lifelong unpaid labour and sacrifices.

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Sunday Advice :

🅾️You all saw the 2025 UPSC mains analysis- Almost all questions were covered-
Click here

⚠️Use this sunday to give some time and learn how to pick those Current affairs- explained in detail through this video-
https://youtu.be/urLWhpHjco8
Gs-3 : Mobilization of resources- Theory of comparative advantage in Trade deficits

🅾️Trade deficit = imports > exports. Politicians often see this as “loss” to the importing country. But economics says: trade deficit can also reflect comparative advantage and capital inflows. Example: US runs trade deficits but attracts global capital because of trust in its economy

🅾️Imposing higher import tariffs is bad economics. Imports can be good if they allow focus on sectors where a country has efficiency advantage. Trade based on comparative advantage raises overall welfare. Protectionism hurts long-term growth and consumer welfare.

⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels -
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Gs-2 : Health- Issues with health insurance in India

🅾️Universal Health Coverage (UHC) = quality health care for all without financial hardship.

🅾️India’s record: low public spending (~1.3% of GDP vs world avg 6%), reliance on out-of-pocket expenditure.

⚠️Question: Can expanding health insurance bridge this gap?- Insurance focuses on hospitalisation, not primary care-reventive & outpatient care ignored → increased hospital admissions + fiscal burden.

⚜️Surveys: 35% of insured households never used cover. Also ₹28,000 crore is small now, but rising fast. Tertiary care + ageing population could crowd out spending for primary/basic care-
Click here and read about Geriatric care.

⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels -
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Gs-3 : Pollution- Noise pollution

🅾️Sound limits: 50 dB(A) in day, 40 dB(A) at night in silent zones (WHO), but Delhi/Bengaluru often cross 65–7s:0 dB(A).

🔰Ecological and social Costs of Noise pollution :

⚜️Birds & Biodiversity: Disrupted social signalling, reduced mating/feeding efficiency, breakdown of communication systems.

⚜️Vulnerable Groups: Children, elderly, hospital patients disproportionately affected.

⚜️Economic Costs: EU estimated €100 billion annual burden → India hasn’t even measured.


🌟Fundamental Rights: SC has held that unchecked noise disrupts Article 21 – right to life and dignity- In this context, read a technical solution to uphold this as per Church of God (Full Gospel) in India v. K.K.R. Majestic Colony Welfare Association (2000)- Click here

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Gs1- Role of women in Indian society-

Gs-2- Judiciary- Proposal: Elevate Justice Vipul Pancholi (Gujarat HC) to SC.

🅾️Objection: Justice Nagarathna dissented, citing concerns

🎖PYQ- Gs-2 paper had a question on Women in Judiciary-
Click here- This is one dimension of woman empowerment

🅾️Judicial appointments are at the heart of separation of powers and rule of law. Dissent by a judge within Collegium = institutional safeguard, ensuring debate and preventing rubber-stamping.


⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels -
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Gs-2 : 2025- My assessment- everyone might feel difficult because of the need to connect static to the contemporary themes ( Themes and events that happened over last 5 years)- Requires high level of conceptual clarity, writing skill under pressure of time and quick recall. Would have been a nightmare for a lot of people- not because of difficult but because of the pressure.

⚠️10 Markers (150 words each)

🅾️1. Discuss the ‘corrupt practices’ for the purpose of the Representation of the People Act, 1951. Analyze whether the increase in the assets of the legislators and/or their associates, disproportionate to their known sources of income, would constitute ‘undue influence’ and consequently a corrupt practice-
Click here and Click here.

🅾️2. Comment on the need of administrative tribunals as compared to the court system. Assess the impact of the recent tribunal reforms through rationalization of tribunals made in 2021-
Click here

🅾️3. Compare and contrast the President’s power to pardon in India and in the USA. Are there any limits to it in both the countries? What are ‘preemptive pardons’?-
Click here and here

🅾️4. Discuss the nature of Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly after the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019.-
Click here and here Briefly describe the powers and functions of the Assembly of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir.

🅾️5. “The Attorney General of India plays a crucial role in guiding the legal framework of the Union Government and ensuring sound governance through legal counsel.” Discuss his responsibilities, rights and limitations in this regard-
Click here and here

🅾️6. Women’s social capital complements in advancing empowerment and gender equality. Explain- Needs lot of clarity on what social capital here means-
this is the context- click here

🅾️7. e-governance projects have a built-in bias towards technology and back-end integration than user-centric designs. Examine-
Click here and here

🅾️8. Civil Society Organizations are often perceived as being anti-State actors than non-State actors. Do you agree? Justify-
Click here.

🅾️9. India-Africa digital partnership is achieving mutual respect, co-development and long-term institutional partnerships. Elaborate-
Click here ( posted indirectly as a source of power and leverage when discussing DPI- But there is a direct TH hindu article which i missed- Click here)

🅾️10. “With the waning of globalization, post-Cold War world is becoming a site of s
overeign nationalism.” Elucidate.- Click here, Here and here
Gs-2 : Fundamental Rights- Affirmative action- Affirmative action( Reservation)- Indira sawhney case, jarnail singh case and nagaraj case 2006- click here

🅾️Should reservations exceed the 50% cap?- Reservation beyond 50% cap is both a legal and sociological question.

🅾️Maratha quota case-
Click here

🅾️EWS SC judgement- Notions of Equality-
Click here

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Gs-2 : Judiciary- Judicial appointments- issues

🅾️Almost 6 years ago there was an article- Is Judicary being subverted by the government?-
Click here and read this for the context

🅾️Why is NJAC being revisited now?Recent Cash Seizure at HC Judge’s Residence-Triggered debate on accountability of judiciary-
Click here.

⚠️Issue- Concealing dissent from the public creates mistrust. Without openness, the judiciary risks being seen as arbitrary, eroding its authority.

🔰Argument: revealing dissent could harm reputations of candidates not selected.
⚜️Counterpoint: democracy requires transparency; Britain’s JAC or South Africa’s JSC disclose criteria and reasoning openly. Secrecy undermines legitimacy rather than protecting it.

⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels -
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⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Gs-1- Society- Urbanization


🅾️Watch this video :
https://youtu.be/ZcirvjHozg8?feature=shared

⚜️Smart City Reference Framework should ideally address the following components-
Click here

🔰Brazil – Urban Flood Management:
Brazil, with over 80% of its population living in urban areas, has shifted its approach to flood management.The country has moved beyond only canalisation and structural flood control, adopting a more integrated urban flood management approach that includes nature-based solutions and city-wide flood warning systems.

🔰Chennai – Flood Early Warning System
: Chennai has adopted a city-level flood forecasting and warning system. Chennai is working on improving stormwater management and building preparedness to support vulnerable populations during extreme weather events.

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⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
2025/10/23 13:43:54
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