✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Biotechnology
🅾️Immunology-
🌟Context - India has strong clinical skills, but to become a global leader in medicine, it must also invest in immunology education, research, and innovation.
🔰What are some modern technologies that depend on immunology?
⚜️Vaccines- Click here
⚜️Cancer immunotherapy (like CAR-T)- Click here
⚜️Organ transplants- Click here
⚜️Autoimmune disease treatments
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Immunology-
🌟Context - India has strong clinical skills, but to become a global leader in medicine, it must also invest in immunology education, research, and innovation.
🔰What are some modern technologies that depend on immunology?
⚜️Vaccines- Click here
⚜️Cancer immunotherapy (like CAR-T)- Click here
⚜️Organ transplants- Click here
⚜️Autoimmune disease treatments
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
What if Ethics was EASY?
(Coming Soon!)
Cost -4999/- ( introducing the VK IAS pedagogical method through concept classes. where you learn the art of writing ANY answer through conceptual clarity followed by live answer writing sessions)
https://youtube.com/shorts/D3kbmCSiVI8?feature=share
(Coming Soon!)
Cost -4999/- ( introducing the VK IAS pedagogical method through concept classes. where you learn the art of writing ANY answer through conceptual clarity followed by live answer writing sessions)
https://youtube.com/shorts/D3kbmCSiVI8?feature=share
⚠️Join this Ethics Current affairs repository channel of VK IAS -
https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
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UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
Ethics for UPSC and beyond :)
News analysis of VK IAS - @hinduhighlights
Prelims shortnotes : @upschighlights
For Enquries regarding UPSC CSE mentorship programs by Vikas kanukollu sir and team please contact : @Vk_ias
News analysis of VK IAS - @hinduhighlights
Prelims shortnotes : @upschighlights
For Enquries regarding UPSC CSE mentorship programs by Vikas kanukollu sir and team please contact : @Vk_ias
✅Gs2 - Criminal justice system -Criminal justice system- CBI
🅾️State of West Bengal v. CPDR (2010)- Sc said CBI transfer only if state investigation is demonstrably tainted or ineffective.
🅾️Eknath Shinde vs. Maharashtra (2022)- Judicial intervention must respect separation of powers and federal principle.
⚠️Problem: Judicial overreach — shifting investigation without factual failure of the SIT weakens federal balance.
⚜️Risk: Frequent CBI takeovers based on perception can erode the credibility of state institutions and judicial restraint.
🅾️Q) Can higher courts order a CBI investigation without state consent if there is a violation of fundamental rights or if there is a substantial question of law?- Click here
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🅾️State of West Bengal v. CPDR (2010)- Sc said CBI transfer only if state investigation is demonstrably tainted or ineffective.
🅾️Eknath Shinde vs. Maharashtra (2022)- Judicial intervention must respect separation of powers and federal principle.
⚠️Problem: Judicial overreach — shifting investigation without factual failure of the SIT weakens federal balance.
⚜️Risk: Frequent CBI takeovers based on perception can erode the credibility of state institutions and judicial restraint.
🅾️Q) Can higher courts order a CBI investigation without state consent if there is a violation of fundamental rights or if there is a substantial question of law?- Click here
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
#Polity
✅Gs 2- RPA- Aadhar card- voter link- Click here
🅾️ Indian constitutional issues-Fundamental rights- Aadhar- Click here
🅾️RPA- linking AAdhar with EPIC/ voter ID card-Advantages for migrants?- Click here
🅾️Indian constitutional issues- Aadhar vs right to privacy- Click here
📍Also read relevance of Aadhar in delivering public services and containing leakages- Click here
🔰The EC possesses massive digital infrastructure (Aadhaar, ECI-Net), but lacks:
⚜️1. Analytical audits
⚜️2. System-level anomaly detection
⚜️3. Transparency in algorithmic verification
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs 2- RPA- Aadhar card- voter link- Click here
🅾️ Indian constitutional issues-Fundamental rights- Aadhar- Click here
🅾️RPA- linking AAdhar with EPIC/ voter ID card-Advantages for migrants?- Click here
🅾️Indian constitutional issues- Aadhar vs right to privacy- Click here
📍Also read relevance of Aadhar in delivering public services and containing leakages- Click here
🔰The EC possesses massive digital infrastructure (Aadhaar, ECI-Net), but lacks:
⚜️1. Analytical audits
⚜️2. System-level anomaly detection
⚜️3. Transparency in algorithmic verification
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS(UPSC Highlights)- History
#Art_and_Culture #History #Personalities
🔴GS1- Art and culture
🔴GS1- History
✅Gs-1 : Role of women
🔰Q) Trace the continuity of women’s assertion for selfhood from ancient Indian texts to contemporary movements.
⚜️Across two millennia, Indian women’s protest has changed its method from using Pali verses to coming out on streets for justice through slogans . But its essence remains the same: to reclaim the right to think, to choose, and to be heard.
⚜️Therigatha (6th century BCE): 73 verses by early Buddhist nuns — earliest female voices of freedom. Buddha’s call to Tissa: “Train yourself, don’t let what can hold you back overwhelm you.”
🅾️Concept of Swatantra Stree = a woman free to learn, love, travel, and live without fear.
🅾️Maitreyi rejected wealth for spiritual knowledge; Gargi debated metaphysics with Yajnavalkya = women as philosophical equals.
⚠️@historyhighlights for high value history snippets from news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🔴GS1- Art and culture
🔴GS1- History
✅Gs-1 : Role of women
🔰Q) Trace the continuity of women’s assertion for selfhood from ancient Indian texts to contemporary movements.
⚜️Across two millennia, Indian women’s protest has changed its method from using Pali verses to coming out on streets for justice through slogans . But its essence remains the same: to reclaim the right to think, to choose, and to be heard.
⚜️Therigatha (6th century BCE): 73 verses by early Buddhist nuns — earliest female voices of freedom. Buddha’s call to Tissa: “Train yourself, don’t let what can hold you back overwhelm you.”
🅾️Concept of Swatantra Stree = a woman free to learn, love, travel, and live without fear.
🅾️Maitreyi rejected wealth for spiritual knowledge; Gargi debated metaphysics with Yajnavalkya = women as philosophical equals.
⚠️@historyhighlights for high value history snippets from news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
SnT
✅GS3- Science and tech- space- Sun- Aditya L1 mission
🅾️Also read The ARIES facility -understanding solar physics and space weather is not an academic pursuit alone- its self sufficiency- Most space-weather predictions today come from U.S. or European systems.
Aditya-L1 + India’s solar telescope → build indigenous capability for forecasting solar storms. Click here
➡️Take away : Look at the various Telescopes - in different frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum- Why ?- Click here
🅾️This is because light of different wavelengths interacts differently with matter:
⚜️Shorter wavelengths (X-ray, UV)= reveal high-energy, hot plasma phenomena.
⚜️Longer wavelengths (infrared, radio) = reveal cooler, diffuse structures.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅GS3- Science and tech- space- Sun- Aditya L1 mission
🅾️Also read The ARIES facility -understanding solar physics and space weather is not an academic pursuit alone- its self sufficiency- Most space-weather predictions today come from U.S. or European systems.
Aditya-L1 + India’s solar telescope → build indigenous capability for forecasting solar storms. Click here
➡️Take away : Look at the various Telescopes - in different frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum- Why ?- Click here
🅾️This is because light of different wavelengths interacts differently with matter:
⚜️Shorter wavelengths (X-ray, UV)= reveal high-energy, hot plasma phenomena.
⚜️Longer wavelengths (infrared, radio) = reveal cooler, diffuse structures.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
✅Gs-3 : Environment- Climate change
✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Environmental ethics
🅾️What is Geoengineering- kinds and impacts?- Click here
⚜️Cloud seeding and its impact- click here
🅾️Ethical impact- The hidden Result includes the scientific uncertainties: Can these chemicals accumulate in soil and water, harming ecosystems and human health? And who is accountable if this artificial rain causes floods or damages crops? This reveals the ethical and environmental price of a quick fix.
🔰Ethics channel - https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Environmental ethics
🅾️What is Geoengineering- kinds and impacts?- Click here
⚜️Cloud seeding and its impact- click here
🅾️Ethical impact- The hidden Result includes the scientific uncertainties: Can these chemicals accumulate in soil and water, harming ecosystems and human health? And who is accountable if this artificial rain causes floods or damages crops? This reveals the ethical and environmental price of a quick fix.
🔰Ethics channel - https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from VK IAS- UPSC Environment by Vikas kanukollu
#Environment
✅Gs-3 : Pollution- Reasons for winter pollution in NCR region- Role of biomass combustion
📍There are multiple dimensions to the problem of pollution that a UPSC aspirant needs to know- click here
🅾️The government's primary action was to enforce a ban and impose penalties, tracked by technology. It relied on satellite monitoring (MODIS/VIIRS) to count the number of fire incidents. This shows the state's move towards data-driven governance.As the farmer became aware of the satellite's schedule (passing only a few times a day), they adapted. The Action shifted from outright burning to strategic burning—late in the evening, low-intensity, or partial burns—to evade detection.
🅾️Government data proudly announced a sharp decline in fire counts (the metric of visible success). However, the actual total burnt area- truth of the environmental damage remained largely unchanged.
➡️Follow @ecologyhighlights for Environment related news snippets
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Pollution- Reasons for winter pollution in NCR region- Role of biomass combustion
📍There are multiple dimensions to the problem of pollution that a UPSC aspirant needs to know- click here
🅾️The government's primary action was to enforce a ban and impose penalties, tracked by technology. It relied on satellite monitoring (MODIS/VIIRS) to count the number of fire incidents. This shows the state's move towards data-driven governance.As the farmer became aware of the satellite's schedule (passing only a few times a day), they adapted. The Action shifted from outright burning to strategic burning—late in the evening, low-intensity, or partial burns—to evade detection.
🅾️Government data proudly announced a sharp decline in fire counts (the metric of visible success). However, the actual total burnt area- truth of the environmental damage remained largely unchanged.
➡️Follow @ecologyhighlights for Environment related news snippets
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS Geography current Affairs for UPSC
✅Gs 1- Geography-Importance of Dam safety
🅾️Issue of Mullaperiyar dam- dual-impact issue of Mullaperiyar Dam's management on Tamil Nadu's environment, economy, and society, focusing on the heightened risk of inflows from Kerala (where the dam is located) and the resulting challenges, primarily concerning flood risk and water security.When Kerala is forced to release water due to heavy rainfall, Tamil Nadu's river systems (like the Vaigai) are stressed. This creates a "double whammy" of managing high inflows during a flood-prone season (northeast monsoon) while simultaneously facing water scarcity issues due to poor local storage and mismanagement of groundwater.
⚜️Also read rivers of kerala- Click here
🅾️Dams as a source of Inter state conflict- Click here
🔰Environmental Impacts
⚜️1. Flash foods- link to climate change- Click here
⚜️2.Disaster management- Management issues b/w Riparian states- Click here
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Issue of Mullaperiyar dam- dual-impact issue of Mullaperiyar Dam's management on Tamil Nadu's environment, economy, and society, focusing on the heightened risk of inflows from Kerala (where the dam is located) and the resulting challenges, primarily concerning flood risk and water security.When Kerala is forced to release water due to heavy rainfall, Tamil Nadu's river systems (like the Vaigai) are stressed. This creates a "double whammy" of managing high inflows during a flood-prone season (northeast monsoon) while simultaneously facing water scarcity issues due to poor local storage and mismanagement of groundwater.
⚜️Also read rivers of kerala- Click here
🅾️Dams as a source of Inter state conflict- Click here
🔰Environmental Impacts
⚜️1. Flash foods- link to climate change- Click here
⚜️2.Disaster management- Management issues b/w Riparian states- Click here
🔰Join : @Geohighlights- for Geography news
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : Education- Foreign universities in India
🅾️already discussed in detail- click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️already discussed in detail- click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : Constitution- Constitutional Morality
🅾️Not a new topic- already discussed multiple times- click here
🅾️Issue discussed here?- India struggles to maintain the moral purpose of law.So Constitutional morality must be cultivated; it’s not inborn.Courts act as guardians of constitutional ethics, not enforcers of social morality.So Breaching constitutional morality destabilises democracy.
⚠️But ultimately, Only internalised morality can sustain constitutional democracy, not judicial enforcement alone.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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🅾️Not a new topic- already discussed multiple times- click here
🅾️Issue discussed here?- India struggles to maintain the moral purpose of law.So Constitutional morality must be cultivated; it’s not inborn.Courts act as guardians of constitutional ethics, not enforcers of social morality.So Breaching constitutional morality destabilises democracy.
⚠️But ultimately, Only internalised morality can sustain constitutional democracy, not judicial enforcement alone.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Agriculture
🅾️What is Regenerative agriculture?- Click here
🅾️What is the point of this article?- climate smart agriculture = self-sufficiency in pulses and oilseeds
🅾️Why so?- 52% of India’s land is agricultural, but its soil is severely degraded. Average Soil Organic Carbon is just 0.3%, far below the safe threshold of 1%.India’s food self-sufficiency has come at the cost of ecological unsustainability.Just as the Green Revolution relied on science + state support, the “Regeneration Revolution” will rely on innovation + collaboration.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️What is Regenerative agriculture?- Click here
🅾️What is the point of this article?- climate smart agriculture = self-sufficiency in pulses and oilseeds
🅾️Why so?- 52% of India’s land is agricultural, but its soil is severely degraded. Average Soil Organic Carbon is just 0.3%, far below the safe threshold of 1%.India’s food self-sufficiency has come at the cost of ecological unsustainability.Just as the Green Revolution relied on science + state support, the “Regeneration Revolution” will rely on innovation + collaboration.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
How NOT to read Newspapers for UPSC- A caution for 2026 UPSC Aspirants!
https://youtu.be/tXzcSam2pvI
https://youtu.be/tXzcSam2pvI
YouTube
How NOT to read Newspapers for UPSC- A caution for 2026 UPSC Aspirants!
Telegram : T.me/hinduhighlights
Most aspirants read the paper like citizens, not like future administrators.
Mistake 1: Reading every article without filtering relevance. UPSC doesn't ask you to know everything, only what matters for governance, policy…
Most aspirants read the paper like citizens, not like future administrators.
Mistake 1: Reading every article without filtering relevance. UPSC doesn't ask you to know everything, only what matters for governance, policy…
✅Gs-2 : Health governance
🅾️Why Big tech companies should be held accountable?- misleading ads- This is seen even in the case of Free trade agreement designs- Click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Why Big tech companies should be held accountable?- misleading ads- This is seen even in the case of Free trade agreement designs- Click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs- 2 : IR- China vs US
🅾️Context : Science as an instrument of diplomacy - intensifying scientific and technological competition between the US and China
🅾️What is the takeaway here?- The centre of scientific gravity is shifting from West to East. The U.S. is undermining its own innovation edge through political short-sightedness, while China is consolidating global leadership through sustained, mission-driven investment.The world is moving toward a bipolar system of scientific innovation, challenging the post-WWII US-led model of open science and technological dominance.
⚠️If trends continue: Within 2–3 decades, China could surpass the U.S. as the world’s leading science and technology power.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Context : Science as an instrument of diplomacy - intensifying scientific and technological competition between the US and China
🅾️What is the takeaway here?- The centre of scientific gravity is shifting from West to East. The U.S. is undermining its own innovation edge through political short-sightedness, while China is consolidating global leadership through sustained, mission-driven investment.The world is moving toward a bipolar system of scientific innovation, challenging the post-WWII US-led model of open science and technological dominance.
⚠️If trends continue: Within 2–3 decades, China could surpass the U.S. as the world’s leading science and technology power.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs3- Climate change- Carbon markets
🅾️Background : Click here
🅾️What are carbon markets and mechanisms under Kyoto protocol?- Read them from environment basic textbooks - also read this - Click here
☝️This topic comes under the broader umbrella term of Climate finance- Click here
🅾️How can India overcome CBAM?- This was covered in this previous article- the present point is a policy measure by India- with its own set of shortcomings as presented in the article- read to understand.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Background : Click here
🅾️What are carbon markets and mechanisms under Kyoto protocol?- Read them from environment basic textbooks - also read this - Click here
☝️This topic comes under the broader umbrella term of Climate finance- Click here
🅾️How can India overcome CBAM?- This was covered in this previous article- the present point is a policy measure by India- with its own set of shortcomings as presented in the article- read to understand.
🔰Join - VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel