Forwarded from UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
A letter from a student… Made me put this out..
I didn’t always know how to say this.
But somewhere between chasing ranks and routines, I realised—what’s really holding most students back isn’t lack of discipline or notes…It’s the quiet stories they keep telling themselves.
“I’m behind.”
“Others are built for this, not me.”
“If I don’t succeed fast enough, I’ll be left behind.”
At VK IAS, mentorship for me is not about fixing your productivity.
It’s about sitting with those stories. Looking them in the eye.
Because true learning begins not with a timetable,
but with the courage to ask:
“Whose expectations am I carrying?”
You don’t need to fight the syllabus - first you need to stop fighting yourself.
This is where the whole idea of mentorship gets its meaning from-for me it is a return. A remembering.
Success? It’s not the prize.
It’s the quiet side-effect of someone who has finally come home to their own clarity.
Thank you for giving me a purpose for existence 🙂
-vk
I didn’t always know how to say this.
But somewhere between chasing ranks and routines, I realised—what’s really holding most students back isn’t lack of discipline or notes…It’s the quiet stories they keep telling themselves.
“I’m behind.”
“Others are built for this, not me.”
“If I don’t succeed fast enough, I’ll be left behind.”
At VK IAS, mentorship for me is not about fixing your productivity.
It’s about sitting with those stories. Looking them in the eye.
Because true learning begins not with a timetable,
but with the courage to ask:
“Whose expectations am I carrying?”
You don’t need to fight the syllabus - first you need to stop fighting yourself.
This is where the whole idea of mentorship gets its meaning from-for me it is a return. A remembering.
Success? It’s not the prize.
It’s the quiet side-effect of someone who has finally come home to their own clarity.
Thank you for giving me a purpose for existence 🙂
-vk
How to generate content for Mains in Ethics: AI & Copyright law
https://youtu.be/nI6zz2t34Jw
https://youtu.be/nI6zz2t34Jw
YouTube
How to generate content for Mains in Ethics: AI & Copyright law
Telegram : https://www.tg-me.com/hinduhighlights
Ethical Issues to Discuss
• Moral agency: Can AI be a “creator” in the ethical sense?
• Plagiarism vs inspiration: AI models are trained on human data—where is the line?
• Consent and data rights: Was copyrighted…
Ethical Issues to Discuss
• Moral agency: Can AI be a “creator” in the ethical sense?
• Plagiarism vs inspiration: AI models are trained on human data—where is the line?
• Consent and data rights: Was copyrighted…
✅Gs-3 : Disaster Management - Telangana Industrial blast
🅾️This Industrial disaster can be called a systems failure= a direct breach of the NDMP's preventive, preparedness, and response architecture
🅾️What are the safeguards against chemical disasters in India?- National chemical policy - need to manage chemical usage to avoid disasters- Click here
🅾️Principle of absolute liability- What is it? - How is it relevant in this case?- Click here
🅾️Does India have capacities to deal with Industrial disasters like these?- Click here
🔰Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
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🅾️This Industrial disaster can be called a systems failure= a direct breach of the NDMP's preventive, preparedness, and response architecture
🅾️What are the safeguards against chemical disasters in India?- National chemical policy - need to manage chemical usage to avoid disasters- Click here
🅾️Principle of absolute liability- What is it? - How is it relevant in this case?- Click here
🅾️Does India have capacities to deal with Industrial disasters like these?- Click here
🔰Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollua
✅GS3- Internal security- Strategic importance of Andaman and Nicobar islands- NITI Aayog Vision for Great nicobar
🅾️Strategic importance of Andaman and Nicobar islands-Click here
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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🅾️Strategic importance of Andaman and Nicobar islands-Click here
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-1 : Indian society- Climate Change and Social Vulnerability
✅Gs-3 : Environment- ENvironmental Refugees
⚜️Concept of Intersectionality- Click here and read
✅Gs-2 : Vulnerable sections- Environmental Refugees/ Internally displaced persons (IDPs).
⚠️Focus: Coastal communities in Kerala, Odisha, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, WB facing relocation due to sea level rise, erosion, and saline intrusion. This creates Internally displaced persons (IDPs).
🅾️Problem: No rights-based legal framework to rehabilitate internally displaced persons (IDPs). No national IDP policy (Just like refugees), despite India’s commitment to democratic values.
🅾️Impact- Displaced communities often face-Marginalisation and Social Stigma- They are typically disenfranchised: Means no voting rights( because they lose permanent address which is needed for ID proof)
🎖Cases regarding the principle of Non refoulment- Click here
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Environment- ENvironmental Refugees
⚜️Concept of Intersectionality- Click here and read
✅Gs-2 : Vulnerable sections- Environmental Refugees/ Internally displaced persons (IDPs).
⚠️Focus: Coastal communities in Kerala, Odisha, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, WB facing relocation due to sea level rise, erosion, and saline intrusion. This creates Internally displaced persons (IDPs).
🅾️Problem: No rights-based legal framework to rehabilitate internally displaced persons (IDPs). No national IDP policy (Just like refugees), despite India’s commitment to democratic values.
🅾️Impact- Displaced communities often face-Marginalisation and Social Stigma- They are typically disenfranchised: Means no voting rights( because they lose permanent address which is needed for ID proof)
🎖Cases regarding the principle of Non refoulment- Click here
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : RPA- Powers of Election Commission
🅾️How is electoral roll revision supposed to happen?-Four permissible triggers (Rule 5, Registration of Electors Rules, 1960):
⚜️1. Before General Elections.
⚜️2. Before a bye-election.
⚜️3. Directed by ECI in any year.
⚜️4. With reference to a qualifying date- The qualifying date must be explicitly declared.
⚠️WHAT IS GOING WRONG? — How SIR in Bihar diverges from the norm-Migrants, urban poor, and minorities lack documentation- ECI is treating voter verification like citizenship trials (a function of the judiciary), bypassing natural justice- No proper notification of qualifying date or declaration under RPA= No respect for rule of law.
🌟My opinion = “Presumption of Innocence” applies not just in criminal law but must extend to electoral inclusion
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️How is electoral roll revision supposed to happen?-Four permissible triggers (Rule 5, Registration of Electors Rules, 1960):
⚜️1. Before General Elections.
⚜️2. Before a bye-election.
⚜️3. Directed by ECI in any year.
⚜️4. With reference to a qualifying date- The qualifying date must be explicitly declared.
⚠️WHAT IS GOING WRONG? — How SIR in Bihar diverges from the norm-Migrants, urban poor, and minorities lack documentation- ECI is treating voter verification like citizenship trials (a function of the judiciary), bypassing natural justice- No proper notification of qualifying date or declaration under RPA= No respect for rule of law.
🌟My opinion = “Presumption of Innocence” applies not just in criminal law but must extend to electoral inclusion
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Biotechnology
🅾️Applications of Gene Editing- Background- click here
⚜️Phosphorus is a critical nutrient for plant growth, yet: Plants absorb only ~15-20% of applied phosphate fertilizers. The rest is lost via leaching or runoff, increasing input costs and polluting water bodies.
⚜️Low phosphorus uptake = Low crop yield, especially in resource-poor soils.
⚠️Also read - Role of RNA in Nitrate absorption in plants- Micro RNA switch- Click here
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Applications of Gene Editing- Background- click here
⚜️Phosphorus is a critical nutrient for plant growth, yet: Plants absorb only ~15-20% of applied phosphate fertilizers. The rest is lost via leaching or runoff, increasing input costs and polluting water bodies.
⚜️Low phosphorus uptake = Low crop yield, especially in resource-poor soils.
⚠️Also read - Role of RNA in Nitrate absorption in plants- Micro RNA switch- Click here
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
🔰Mains 2024 Revision plan - Important articles - Part 1
🅾️Gs-2 :Indian Constitution-historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions & basic structure
⚜️1. Transformative constitutionalism - Click here
⚜️2. Constitutional morality vs majoritarian morality debate- Click here
⚜️3. Fundamental Rights based material :
✴️3.1 - Hate speech
✴️3.2 - Fundamental rights-Affirmative action
✴️3.3- Aadhaar-based age tokens to address privacy concerns
⚜️4. Indian constitution- Basic structure doctrine
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Gs-2 :Indian Constitution-historical underpinnings, evolution, features, amendments, significant provisions & basic structure
⚜️1. Transformative constitutionalism - Click here
⚜️2. Constitutional morality vs majoritarian morality debate- Click here
⚜️3. Fundamental Rights based material :
✴️3.1 - Hate speech
✴️3.2 - Fundamental rights-Affirmative action
✴️3.3- Aadhaar-based age tokens to address privacy concerns
⚜️4. Indian constitution- Basic structure doctrine
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Whenever I read this, I think about the word: collective consciousness
What is the impact of this collective consciousness? - it is the guru that teaches us lessons- it is the collective experience of the mistakes each one of us makes... And if we are open to learn from them, a new door always opens and let's the light in... no matter how dark it seems ...
We are what we learn from others and I thank every guru in my life on this day- Happy Guru purnima to all- let this day be a reminder to listen to what others have to teach🙏🙂
What is the impact of this collective consciousness? - it is the guru that teaches us lessons- it is the collective experience of the mistakes each one of us makes... And if we are open to learn from them, a new door always opens and let's the light in... no matter how dark it seems ...
We are what we learn from others and I thank every guru in my life on this day- Happy Guru purnima to all- let this day be a reminder to listen to what others have to teach🙏🙂
✅Gs-2 : IR - India- US relations
🅾️Context : Questions on multipolarity, decay of global institutions, and India’s positioning in shifting world order- Click here to read
🔰Overall funda : When global powers self-sabotage, emerging democracies must absorb the disruption as pain and convert it into preparation.
🔰Opportunities for India :
⚜️1. Supply Chain Relocation- US-China rivalry and internal US decay open a window for India in manufacturing, semiconductors, pharma
⚜️2. India’s STEM talent, diaspora, and private education now serve global demands more than US-centered hubs
⚜️3. build a domestic innovation engine, similar to NIH in US (which lost momentum)
⚜️4. US universities and institutions are collapsing under identity politics, while India can rise by strengthening merit-based institutions- intellectual tribalism is damaging to global leadership
⚠️Gs2-IR/PSIR channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PSIR_IR
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Context : Questions on multipolarity, decay of global institutions, and India’s positioning in shifting world order- Click here to read
🔰Overall funda : When global powers self-sabotage, emerging democracies must absorb the disruption as pain and convert it into preparation.
🔰Opportunities for India :
⚜️1. Supply Chain Relocation- US-China rivalry and internal US decay open a window for India in manufacturing, semiconductors, pharma
⚜️2. India’s STEM talent, diaspora, and private education now serve global demands more than US-centered hubs
⚜️3. build a domestic innovation engine, similar to NIH in US (which lost momentum)
⚜️4. US universities and institutions are collapsing under identity politics, while India can rise by strengthening merit-based institutions- intellectual tribalism is damaging to global leadership
⚠️Gs2-IR/PSIR channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PSIR_IR
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Internal Security - Maharashtra Special Public Security (MSPS) Bill, 2025
✅Gs-2 : Fundamental Rights and Federalism -i.e. centre state relations
🅾️Q. Do special security laws compromise democratic freedoms?” Discuss with reference to recent state-level legislations.How can the State combat evolving internal security threats without undermining the constitutional guarantees it exists to protect?- you can read a similar article - click here
⚜️Ans : Overall broad approach- Urban Maoism cannot be countered by rural-style repression In responding to diffuse internal threats like urban Maoism, the state must craft laws that are surgically precise, institutionally accountable, and constitutionally upright
⚠️Use this case as a model to argue how ambiguous definitions in security laws risk misuse- Can be used in law-making and constitutional morality questions.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : Fundamental Rights and Federalism -i.e. centre state relations
🅾️Q. Do special security laws compromise democratic freedoms?” Discuss with reference to recent state-level legislations.How can the State combat evolving internal security threats without undermining the constitutional guarantees it exists to protect?- you can read a similar article - click here
⚜️Ans : Overall broad approach- Urban Maoism cannot be countered by rural-style repression In responding to diffuse internal threats like urban Maoism, the state must craft laws that are surgically precise, institutionally accountable, and constitutionally upright
⚠️Use this case as a model to argue how ambiguous definitions in security laws risk misuse- Can be used in law-making and constitutional morality questions.
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
✅Gs-4 - Ethics and essay
✳️Frugality - example of a value and why it is important.
https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
✳️Frugality - example of a value and why it is important.
https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
#Environment
✅Gs3- Conservation - Problem with the classification of India's ecosystem as wastelands-
🔴A highly informative article for both prelims and mains- Click here
Q) What do you mean by a wasteland- what are the problems associated with the definition of a wasteland? Critically analyze- click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs3- Conservation - Problem with the classification of India's ecosystem as wastelands-
🔴A highly informative article for both prelims and mains- Click here
Q) What do you mean by a wasteland- what are the problems associated with the definition of a wasteland? Critically analyze- click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : Role of civil services in democracy
✅GS-2 : Education/ Govt policies and their implementation- Need for National Education Service- just like IAS
🅾️Need for continuous adaptation in education to meet the evolving economic and technological demands- Click here
🅾️Structural Issues Leading to Overestimation of Job Creation- Click here
🅾️single most important article if you were to understand the demand of UPSC- Click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅GS-2 : Education/ Govt policies and their implementation- Need for National Education Service- just like IAS
🅾️Need for continuous adaptation in education to meet the evolving economic and technological demands- Click here
🅾️Structural Issues Leading to Overestimation of Job Creation- Click here
🅾️single most important article if you were to understand the demand of UPSC- Click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- Industries- Ship building industry
📍Context : India's Maritime India Vision 2030 focuses on logistics, infrastructure, and environmental concerns but lacks in areas like ship manufacturing and addressing the need for shipyards to handle larger vessel- Click here
🅾️But even this industry is undergoing a transition towards decarbonization-Environment- India- LT-LEDS
🅾️What other news can be looked at from the lens of the issue of circular economy?- Also read Ship breaking industry- Click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
📍Context : India's Maritime India Vision 2030 focuses on logistics, infrastructure, and environmental concerns but lacks in areas like ship manufacturing and addressing the need for shipyards to handle larger vessel- Click here
🅾️But even this industry is undergoing a transition towards decarbonization-Environment- India- LT-LEDS
🅾️What other news can be looked at from the lens of the issue of circular economy?- Also read Ship breaking industry- Click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from UPSC Economy by VK IAS (Vikas Kanukollu)
✅Gs-3 : Inclusive Growth- Inequality- A very important article
🅾️Crucial Clarification on Income Inequality: Income inequality ≠ Consumption inequality. he World Bank's “Inequality and Equity Brief” (April 2024) reported that India ranks among the bottom four globally in income inequality. This sparked debate because the data from India’s Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2022-23 shows a decline in inequality, not a rise.
⚜️High-income individuals save/invest more, poor households consume most of what they earn → makes consumption more equal even when incomes differ.
⚜️Media often uses pre-tax data to say top 1% earn massively.
⚜️But post-tax + subsidy data shows the bottom 50% gets more net benefit.
⚜️Top 1% pay 42% of all direct taxes, but post-subsidy, inequality is softened.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Crucial Clarification on Income Inequality: Income inequality ≠ Consumption inequality. he World Bank's “Inequality and Equity Brief” (April 2024) reported that India ranks among the bottom four globally in income inequality. This sparked debate because the data from India’s Household Consumption Expenditure Survey (HCES) 2022-23 shows a decline in inequality, not a rise.
⚜️High-income individuals save/invest more, poor households consume most of what they earn → makes consumption more equal even when incomes differ.
⚜️Media often uses pre-tax data to say top 1% earn massively.
⚜️But post-tax + subsidy data shows the bottom 50% gets more net benefit.
⚜️Top 1% pay 42% of all direct taxes, but post-subsidy, inequality is softened.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel