✅Gs-3 : Environment- Air Pollution
🅾️Background of the issue- Click here
🅾️Problem= Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM)-It has failed to act independently due to political pressures and lack of enforcement-CAQM banned sale of old diesel/petrol vehicles in NCR starting July 1, but after political protests, implementation was postponed to November.
🅾️The harvest-to-sowing window between paddy harvest and wheat sowing is only 15–20 days in Punjab and Haryana. Pusa decomposer needs 20–25 days under ideal conditions to fully break down stubble.
🅾️The decomposer works best in warm, moist conditions. October–November brings cooler, drier weather, slowing down microbial activity.Farmers already under debt pressure prefer the zero-cost burning method unless subsidies are guaranteed and timely.
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🅾️Background of the issue- Click here
🅾️Problem= Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM)-It has failed to act independently due to political pressures and lack of enforcement-CAQM banned sale of old diesel/petrol vehicles in NCR starting July 1, but after political protests, implementation was postponed to November.
🅾️The harvest-to-sowing window between paddy harvest and wheat sowing is only 15–20 days in Punjab and Haryana. Pusa decomposer needs 20–25 days under ideal conditions to fully break down stubble.
🅾️The decomposer works best in warm, moist conditions. October–November brings cooler, drier weather, slowing down microbial activity.Farmers already under debt pressure prefer the zero-cost burning method unless subsidies are guaranteed and timely.
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✅Gs-2 : Health- Status of SDG3
⚠️India's progress on SDG 3 is uneven and fragile.
⚜️For sustainable gains:
⚜️Embed health education in schools.
⚜️Universalize primary health coverage.
⚜️Build resilience against pandemics and systemic shocks.
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⚠️India's progress on SDG 3 is uneven and fragile.
⚜️For sustainable gains:
⚜️Embed health education in schools.
⚜️Universalize primary health coverage.
⚜️Build resilience against pandemics and systemic shocks.
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✅Gs-3: Science and tech- Accessibility to scientific literature
🅾️India has the fourth-highest number of PhD graduates globally. Yet most Indian students face severe resource constraints: stipends are low, journal subscriptions are costly. Recent Delhi High Court order (blocking Sci-Hub, Libgen) reignited debate on the academic paywall problem.
⚠️Need- Strengthen open access policies: E.g., DST’s mandate that publicly funded research must be freely accessible.
🅾️Also read- - National science , Technology and Innovation policy-STIP
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🅾️India has the fourth-highest number of PhD graduates globally. Yet most Indian students face severe resource constraints: stipends are low, journal subscriptions are costly. Recent Delhi High Court order (blocking Sci-Hub, Libgen) reignited debate on the academic paywall problem.
⚠️Need- Strengthen open access policies: E.g., DST’s mandate that publicly funded research must be freely accessible.
🅾️Also read- - National science , Technology and Innovation policy-STIP
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✅Gs-3 : Science and technology
🅾️Normal PC = single CPU + maybe GPU.
⚜️Supercomputer = thousands of processors (CPUs & GPUs) working in parallel computing mode.ndia’s PARAM supercomputers reflect not just technological advancement but also strategic autonomy born out of sanctions-era adversity
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🅾️Normal PC = single CPU + maybe GPU.
⚜️Supercomputer = thousands of processors (CPUs & GPUs) working in parallel computing mode.ndia’s PARAM supercomputers reflect not just technological advancement but also strategic autonomy born out of sanctions-era adversity
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Forwarded from UPSC - International relations by Vikas Kanukollu
✅Gs-2 : IR- AtmaNirbharta
🅾️Read here -> Philosophy of atma nirbhar bharat
🅾️Nature of India’s Dependence
⚜️On China- Heavy reliance on Chinese imports:Click here
⚜️On Russia: Click here
⚜️On US-Click here
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🅾️Read here -> Philosophy of atma nirbhar bharat
🅾️Nature of India’s Dependence
⚜️On China- Heavy reliance on Chinese imports:Click here
⚜️On Russia: Click here
⚜️On US-Click here
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✅Gs-1 : Salient Features of Indian society- Models of secularism-( Uniform civil code- read this for a legal perspective)
✅Gs2- Vulnerable sections- Women- Legal age of Marriage
🔰The theme we are discussing is about Marriage and the legal issues associated with it- For a background- Click here
🎖Goa is often taken as the role model for Uniform civil code- Read it in detail- Especially if you are appearing for interview- Click here
🅾️The Sikh marriage registration issue reveals the fault lines of India’s plural legal system — fragmentary, identity-sensitive, but uneven in protecting rights. It shows why the UCC debate must move beyond uniformity to the deeper question of ensuring equality and dignity without erasing diversity.
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✅Gs2- Vulnerable sections- Women- Legal age of Marriage
🔰The theme we are discussing is about Marriage and the legal issues associated with it- For a background- Click here
🎖Goa is often taken as the role model for Uniform civil code- Read it in detail- Especially if you are appearing for interview- Click here
🅾️The Sikh marriage registration issue reveals
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✅Please fill this form if you have sociology optional : Click here
✅Gs-2 : Health : Why are PHC (Primary Health Centre) doctors important?
🅾️In rural and tribal areas, PHC doctors are often the only accessible face of healthcare.
🅾️Population served: Each PHC caters to ~30,000 people in rural areas, ~70,000 in urban/semi-urban areas.
⚠️Issues :
⚜️1. High case load-A single PHC doctor may see over 100 patients daily.
⚜️2. Administrative Overload-Huge burden of registers,
⚜️3. Burnout and Neglect-WHO recognises burnout as an occupational health condition.
⚜️4. Mismatch of expectations vs support: State demands universal healthcare delivery. But doctors lack staff, infrastructure, or time.
🅾️Unless India invests in systems that support them, universal healthcare will remain a distant dream.
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🅾️In rural and tribal areas, PHC doctors are often the only accessible face of healthcare.
🅾️Population served: Each PHC caters to ~30,000 people in rural areas, ~70,000 in urban/semi-urban areas.
⚠️Issues :
⚜️1. High case load-A single PHC doctor may see over 100 patients daily.
⚜️2. Administrative Overload-Huge burden of registers,
⚜️3. Burnout and Neglect-WHO recognises burnout as an occupational health condition.
⚜️4. Mismatch of expectations vs support: State demands universal healthcare delivery. But doctors lack staff, infrastructure, or time.
🅾️Unless India invests in systems that support them, universal healthcare will remain a distant dream.
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Forwarded from UPSC - International relations by Vikas Kanukollu
✅Gs-2 (Polity/IR): Democracy vs authoritarianism; role of state in development.
🅾️Washington Consensus: Fiscal discipline, privatisation, free trade.
🅾️Beijing Consensus: State-led capitalism, authoritarian governance, poverty reduction focus.
⚜️China model = NOT socialism” → It is state capitalism, not socialism.
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🅾️Washington Consensus: Fiscal discipline, privatisation, free trade.
🅾️Beijing Consensus: State-led capitalism, authoritarian governance, poverty reduction focus.
⚜️China model = NOT socialism” → It is state capitalism, not socialism.
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Forwarded from UPSC - International relations by Vikas Kanukollu
✅Gs-2 : IR- International Law (1933 Montevideo Convention)
🅾️A state must have:
⚜️Permanent population
⚜️Defined territory
⚜️Government
⚜️Capacity to enter relations with others
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🅾️A state must have:
⚜️Permanent population
⚜️Defined territory
⚜️Government
⚜️Capacity to enter relations with others
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✅Please fill this form if you have sociology optional : Click here
✅Gs-2 : Health
🅾️Vaccination = most cost-effective public health tool.
⚜️India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) = world’s largest.
⚠️Things to note : Tech Integration in vaccine delivery
⚜️eVIN: Vaccine stock intelligence.
⚜️NCCMIS: Cold chain management.
⚜️SAFE-VAC: Vaccine safety module.
⚜️U-WIN platform: End-to-end vaccination tracking (pregnant women + children).
⚜️AB-HIM: Strengthened delivery infra.
🔰Key Lessons
⚜️Integration of campaigns (e.g., Gram Swaraj Abhiyan) → improved reach.
⚜️Tech-driven monitoring (Co-WIN, eVIN) → scalable, transparent, efficient.
⚜️PPP & global cooperation → boosted capacity & diplomacy.
⚜️Community mobilisation → critical for acceptance.
⚜️ONE-HEALTH lens → integrate human, animal, environment surveillance.
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🅾️Vaccination = most cost-effective public health tool.
⚜️India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) = world’s largest.
⚠️Things to note : Tech Integration in vaccine delivery
⚜️eVIN: Vaccine stock intelligence.
⚜️NCCMIS: Cold chain management.
⚜️SAFE-VAC: Vaccine safety module.
⚜️U-WIN platform: End-to-end vaccination tracking (pregnant women + children).
⚜️AB-HIM: Strengthened delivery infra.
🔰Key Lessons
⚜️Integration of campaigns (e.g., Gram Swaraj Abhiyan) → improved reach.
⚜️Tech-driven monitoring (Co-WIN, eVIN) → scalable, transparent, efficient.
⚜️PPP & global cooperation → boosted capacity & diplomacy.
⚜️Community mobilisation → critical for acceptance.
⚜️ONE-HEALTH lens → integrate human, animal, environment surveillance.
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✅Gs-3 : Climate change- climate policy and climate transition.
🅾️The double-edged question: Can AI optimise and save energy use? Or will AI’s own appetite for energy overwhelm the grid?_ generally know that any new technology increases demand (short run) but also creates pathways for efficiency (long run).
🅾️Data centres = ~1–2% of global electricity. Expected to grow to ~3–4% by 2030.
🅾️Inputs (electricity, minerals) define scalability → AI cannot expand sustainably unless energy source transitions.
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🅾️The double-edged question: Can AI optimise and save energy use? Or will AI’s own appetite for energy overwhelm the grid?_ generally know that any new technology increases demand (short run) but also creates pathways for efficiency (long run).
🅾️Data centres = ~1–2% of global electricity. Expected to grow to ~3–4% by 2030.
🅾️Inputs (electricity, minerals) define scalability → AI cannot expand sustainably unless energy source transitions.
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Anti-Immigration surge across the World. Is Social Media fueling the fire?
https://youtu.be/_X-ql4VTAWY
https://youtu.be/_X-ql4VTAWY
🅾️The debate between the individual and society centers on whether society shapes the individual (collectivism) or if individuals shape society (individualism)
⚜️How this debate can be used for sociology Answer writing? To know this Attend the upcoming Webinar - Register : Click here
⚜️How this debate can be used for sociology Answer writing? To know this Attend the upcoming Webinar - Register : Click here
You could write PYQs on your own, but:
• Without structuring templates, you risk repeating bad habits.
• Without self-evaluation metrics, you won’t know why your answer isn’t rank-worthy.
• Without time-bound discipline, you’ll end up reading PYQs, not writing them.
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🇮🇳How relevant was the content of VK IAS in mains from 2020-2025- click here
Fill this form. https://forms.gle/qXRbjGCAQhzQcQkN6
• Without structuring templates, you risk repeating bad habits.
• Without self-evaluation metrics, you won’t know why your answer isn’t rank-worthy.
• Without time-bound discipline, you’ll end up reading PYQs, not writing them.
🇮🇳How relevant was VK IAS in prelims 2025? Check the prelims result- click here
🇮🇳How relevant was the content of VK IAS in mains from 2020-2025- click here
Fill this form. https://forms.gle/qXRbjGCAQhzQcQkN6