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Gs-2 : IR- International Law (1933 Montevideo Convention)

🅾️A state must have:


⚜️Permanent population
⚜️Defined territory
⚜️Government
⚜️Capacity to enter relations with others


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Gs-2 : Health

🅾️Vaccination = most cost-effective public health tool.

⚜️India’s Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) = world’s largest.


⚠️Things to note : Tech Integration in vaccine delivery

⚜️eVIN: Vaccine stock intelligence.
⚜️NCCMIS: Cold chain management.
⚜️SAFE-VAC: Vaccine safety module.
⚜️U-WIN platform: End-to-end vaccination tracking (pregnant women + children).
⚜️AB-HIM: Strengthened delivery infra.

🔰Key Lessons
⚜️Integration of campaigns (e.g., Gram Swaraj Abhiyan) → improved reach.
⚜️Tech-driven monitoring (Co-WIN, eVIN) → scalable, transparent, efficient.
⚜️PPP & global cooperation → boosted capacity & diplomacy.
⚜️Community mobilisation → critical for acceptance.
⚜️ONE-HEALTH lens → integrate human, animal, environment surveillance.

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Gs-3 : Climate change- climate policy and climate transition.

🅾️The double-edged question: Can AI optimise and save energy use? Or will AI’s own appetite for energy overwhelm the grid?_ generally know that any new technology increases demand (short run) but also creates pathways for efficiency (long run).

🅾️Data centres = ~1–2% of global electricity. Expected to grow to ~3–4% by 2030.

🅾️Inputs (electricity, minerals) define scalability → AI cannot expand sustainably unless energy source transitions.

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Anti-Immigration surge across the World. Is Social Media fueling the fire?
https://youtu.be/_X-ql4VTAWY
🅾️The debate between the individual and society centers on whether society shapes the individual (collectivism) or if individuals shape society (individualism)

⚜️How this debate can be used for sociology Answer writing? To know this Attend the upcoming Webinar - Register :
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You could write PYQs on your own, but:
• Without structuring templates, you risk repeating bad habits.
• Without self-evaluation metrics, you won’t know why your answer isn’t rank-worthy.
• Without time-bound discipline, you’ll end up reading PYQs, not writing them.

🇮🇳How relevant was VK IAS in prelims 2025? Check the prelims result-
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🇮🇳How relevant was the content of VK IAS in mains from 2020-2025- click here

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The above concept has huge relevance in writing Sociological Answers.

Register for the upcoming webinar on 8th October to understand this method - https://forms.gle/dgKeEEWh1thBetSd6
Happy dasara!
Lekhana-A-solution-to-the-UPSC-Mains.pdf
1.5 MB
Lekhana- 2026 Program details

⚜️All those who expressed their interest-
Please register here :
https://www.vkias.com/course/Lekhana-MainsPYQsAnswerWritingProgramPrelimsmentor-96402
#Art_and_Culture #History #Personalities
🔴GS1- Art and culture
🔴GS1- History

M. Visvesvaraya (1861–1962)
Muthulakshmi Reddy (1886–1968)
P.C. Mahalanobis (1893–1972)

🅾️Q) “Discuss the role of individuals in modernising India during the 20th century.”

🅾️Essay- Also useful in Themes of “Nation-building,” Leadership in transition from colonial to independent India.


⚠️@historyhighlights for high value history snippets from news

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If you ever wrote Mains, this makes more sense to you than a fresher- Lekahana 2.0 can solve your problem, please reach out to @vk_ias

You could write PYQs on your own, but:
• Without structuring templates, you risk repeating bad habits.
• Without self-evaluation metrics, you won’t know why your answer isn’t rank-worthy.
• Without time-bound discipline, you’ll end up reading PYQs, not writing them.

🇮🇳How relevant was VK IAS in prelims 2025? Check the prelims result-
click here

🇮🇳How relevant was the content of VK IAS in mains from 2020-2025- click here

⚜️All those who expressed their interest- Please register here :
Click here
⚠️Important: Earlier UPSC never showed its own answer key before the final result. Candidates could only object by comparing with coaching keys but now UPSC publishes a provisional answer key. Candidates can file objections with proof. Experts then review and finalise the key... so its good as this adds transparency.. but there can be a risk too-If only a few students raise objections, UPSC might assume the “majority” agrees with its version, even if that’s not accurate.
Gs-3 : Pollution- E waste - Importance of E waste management - Click here

🅾️This issue broadly comes under SDG 12 -
Click here

🔰Gist of the E-waste Management in India:
Click here

⚠️Present article : Hazards of E waste- Important for prelims exam also

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There will be a free webinar on Lekhana Mains Answer writing - You can interact regarding your doubts with me

Time : 5.10.2025- Time : 4 PM

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Gs-3 : Science and tech - Defence

🅾️India's Mission Sudarshan chakra

⚠️Related articles :

🅾️1.
Indian Army Radars- tackling drone threats

🅾️2. Drones :
Drone Warfare & India

🅾️3. Technology used in Operation sindoor-
Read this article

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Gs-3 : Unemployment - how to redesign the system to generate quality jobs?

🅾️India is entering its peak demographic dividend phase , with over 113 million people expected to join the working-age group by 2043.Employment must be treated as a national mission, not just an economic by-product. A unified national employment policy is needed that aligns education, skilling, and industrial policy.

🅾️Need- Integrated National Employment Policy (INEPUrban Employment Pilots in select Tier-2/3 cities. Targeted job hubs in 100 underdeveloped districts.

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2025/10/20 07:31:19
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