📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam

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1/7. Historical & Political

🔷 Formation of State: 1 November 2000 (26th State of India, carved out of Madhya Pradesh).

🔷 First Governor: D. N. Sahay.

🔷 First Chief Minister: Ajit Jogi.

🔷 Present High Court: Chhattisgarh High Court at Bilaspur (established in 2000 is the 19th High Court of India).

🔷 First Chief Justice: Justice W. A. Shishak.

📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam

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2/7. Geography

🔷• Capital: Raipur (Proposed New Capital – Naya Raipur/Atal Nagar).

🔷• Largest District (area): Korba.

🔷• Smallest District (area): Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi.

🔷• Major Rivers: Mahanadi, Indravati, Hasdeo, Shivnath, Arpa.

🔷• Important Plateau: Chhota Nagpur Plateau (extends into the state).

🔷• Highest Point: Nandiraj, a peak in the Bailadila Hills.

📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam

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3/7. Economy & Resources

🔷• Known As: “Rice Bowl of India” (produces >20% of India’s rice).

🔷• Major Minerals: Iron ore, coal, bauxite, limestone, dolomite.

🔷• Largest Steel Plant: Bhilai Steel Plant (established 1955, with USSR collaboration).

🔷• NTPC Projects: Korba, Sipat, Lara.

📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam

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4/7. Culture & Festivals

🔷• State Dance: Panthi, Raut Nacha, Karma.

🔷• State Animal: Wild Buffalo (Bubalus arnee).

🔷• State Bird: Hill Myna.

🔷• State Tree: Sal.

🔷• Tribal Population: ~32% (Gonds, Baiga, Abhuj Maria, Muria).

🔷• Important Fairs/Festivals: Rajim Kumbh Mela, Bastar Dussehra (longest festival, ~75 days).

📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam

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5/7. Judiciary & Law-related GK

🔷• Chhattisgarh High Court: Bilaspur.

🔷• First Lokayukta of Chhattisgarh: Justice Dilip Raosaheb Deshmukh.

🔷• Judicial Academy: Chhattisgarh State Judicial Academy, Bilaspur.

🔷• Important Legal Development: Special provisions for Scheduled Tribes under Fifth Schedule of Indian Constitution apply in tribal regions.

📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam

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6/7. Education & Institutions

🔷• Oldest University: Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur.

🔷• National Law University: Hidayatullah National Law University (HNLU), Raipur.

🔷• Medical Institution: AIIMS Raipur.

🔷• Other Important University: Guru Ghasidas University (Bilaspur).

📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam

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7/7. Current Affairs (Recent)

🔷• New Districts (2020–2022): Mohla-Manpur-Ambagarh Chowki, Sarangarh-Bilaigarh, Sakti, Manendragarh-Chirmiri-Bharatpur, Khairagarh-Chhuikhadan-Gandai, Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi.

🔷• Current Chief Minister (2025): Vishnu Deo Sai (BJP).

🔷• Current Governor (2025): Ramen Deka.

🔰 Constitution of Parliament 🔰

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🌱 Constitutional Basis

Articles 79 to 122 of the Constitution deal with the Union Parliament.

Parliament is the supreme legislative body of India at the Union level.

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🌱 Composition (Art. 79)

The Parliament consists of:

President of India

Two Houses:

Lok Sabha (House of the People) – Lower House

Rajya Sabha (Council of States) – Upper House

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🪶 Lok Sabha (House of the People)

🔹 Maximum Strength: 552 members (Art. 81)

530 from States

20 from Union Territories

2 nominated by President (Anglo-Indian community) – provision abolished by the 104th Amendment, 2019.

🔹 Current Strength (2025): 543 elected members.

🔹 Election: Members directly elected by the people on the basis of universal adult suffrage (Art. 326).

🔹 Term: 5 years (can be dissolved earlier).

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🪶 Rajya Sabha (Council of States)

🔸 Maximum Strength: 250 members (Art. 80)

238 representatives of States & Union Territories

12 nominated by the President (eminent persons in literature, science, art, social service).

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🔸 Current Strength: 245 members.

🔸 Nature: Permanent body – not subject to dissolution; one-third of its members retire every 2 years.

🔸 Term: 6 years for each member.

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🌱 President of India & Parliament

President is an integral part of Parliament.

Summons, prorogues sessions, dissolves Lok Sabha, addresses Parliament, gives assent to Bills.

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🌱 Powers of Parliament

🟣 Legislative Powers: Makes laws on Union List and Concurrent List.

🟣 Financial Powers: Passes budget, controls taxation, expenditure.

🟣 Constitutional Powers: Can amend the Constitution (Art. 368).

🟣 Judicial Powers: Can impeach President, remove judges, punish for breach of privilege.

🟣 Electoral Functions: Participates in election/removal of President, Vice-President.

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🌱 Important Case Law

Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973): Parliament’s power to amend the Constitution is wide but limited by the Basic Structure Doctrine.

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🌱 Conclusion

The Parliament of India is a bicameral legislature consisting of the President, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. It embodies popular sovereignty (Lok Sabha) and federal representation (Rajya Sabha), making it the supreme law-making authority at the Union level.

📌 Exam Tip: Always mention Articles 79–122, Lok Sabha = 5 years, Rajya Sabha = 6 years, 104th Amendment (Anglo-Indian nomination abolished), and Kesavananda Bharati case.

🔰 Composition of the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) 🔰

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🍯 Constitutional Provision

Article 80 of the Constitution deals with the composition of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

🍯 Maximum Strength

250 Members

238 Representatives of States and Union Territories

12 Nominated Members by the President (eminent persons in literature, science, art, social service).

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🍯 Current Strength (2025)

245 Members

233 elected representatives of States & Union Territories.

12 nominated by the President.

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🍯 Representation of States & UTs

⭕️ States: Members are elected by the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies through proportional representation by single transferable vote.

⭕️ Union Territories: Members are elected in the same manner by the electoral college for that UT (e.g., Delhi, Puducherry).

⭕️ Nominated Members

The President nominates 12 members having special knowledge or practical experience in:

🟤 Literature

🟤 Science

🟤 Art

🟤 Social service

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🍯 Term

Rajya Sabha is a permanent body, not subject to dissolution.

One-third of its members retire every 2 years.

Term of office: 6 years for each member.

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🍯 Key Points

Provides representation to the States of India in the federal structure.

Ensures experienced persons (through nominations) contribute to parliamentary debates.

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🍯 Conclusion

The Rajya Sabha, as the Upper House of Parliament, represents the interests of States and UTs, while also including nominated members to bring expertise into law-making. Its composition balances federalism with national interest.

📌 Exam Tip: Always remember – Article 80, Max strength 250 (238+12), Current strength 245, PR-STV system, 6 years term, 1/3rd retire every 2 years.