🔆 Melting Glaciers May Trigger Volcanic Eruptions: Study
📍 West Antarctica, Iceland & New Zealand at highest risk
✅ Key Findings
• Melting glaciers & ice caps due to global warming reduce pressure on magma chambers.
• This pressure drop allows magma and gases to expand, triggering explosive volcanic eruptions.
• West Antarctica has ~100 buried volcanoes under ice and is most at risk.
✅ Global Evidence & Trends
• Past deglaciation in Iceland saw 30–50× higher eruption rates.
• Volcanoes beneath ice sheets (e.g., Mocho-Choshuenco, Chile) erupted when pressure dropped post-melt.
• Lower pressure = lower melting point of magma → more eruptions.
✅ Role of Precipitation
• Precipitation, altered by climate change, can penetrate underground, reacting with magma and triggering eruptions.
✅ Climate Feedback Effects
• Volcanic eruptions eject ash & sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere:
– Ash causes temporary cooling by blocking sunlight
– Sulfur dioxide forms reflective aerosols, cooling Earth
• But sustained eruptions release CO₂ and methane, contributing to long-term global warming.
✅ Conclusion
• A vicious cycle is emerging:
– Global warming melts glaciers
– Ice loss triggers eruptions
– Eruptions release GHGs → further warming
#GS1 #Geography #GS3 #ClimateChange #Volcanoes #environment
📍 West Antarctica, Iceland & New Zealand at highest risk
✅ Key Findings
• Melting glaciers & ice caps due to global warming reduce pressure on magma chambers.
• This pressure drop allows magma and gases to expand, triggering explosive volcanic eruptions.
• West Antarctica has ~100 buried volcanoes under ice and is most at risk.
✅ Global Evidence & Trends
• Past deglaciation in Iceland saw 30–50× higher eruption rates.
• Volcanoes beneath ice sheets (e.g., Mocho-Choshuenco, Chile) erupted when pressure dropped post-melt.
• Lower pressure = lower melting point of magma → more eruptions.
✅ Role of Precipitation
• Precipitation, altered by climate change, can penetrate underground, reacting with magma and triggering eruptions.
✅ Climate Feedback Effects
• Volcanic eruptions eject ash & sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere:
– Ash causes temporary cooling by blocking sunlight
– Sulfur dioxide forms reflective aerosols, cooling Earth
• But sustained eruptions release CO₂ and methane, contributing to long-term global warming.
✅ Conclusion
• A vicious cycle is emerging:
– Global warming melts glaciers
– Ice loss triggers eruptions
– Eruptions release GHGs → further warming
📝 Prelims MCQ:
Which of the following effects is caused by volcanic eruptions?
A) Only global cooling
B) Only global warming
C) Both cooling and warming depending on duration
D) Neither cooling nor warming
Answer: C
📝 Mains GS1/GS3 Question:
How does climate change affect volcanic activity and how might this contribute to climate feedback loops?
#GS1 #Geography #GS3 #ClimateChange #Volcanoes #environment
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🔆 Mantle Plume – Geography & Disaster Management
📍 A mantle plume is a localized, upwelling column of hot magma rising from deep within the Earth’s mantle, possibly from the core-mantle boundary. These plumes are thought to be stationary and independent of tectonic plate boundaries.
✅ Key Features
🔹 Origin: Deep mantle or core-mantle boundary (~2,900 km depth)
🔹 Nature: Buoyant and hot, it melts the overlying lithosphere, forming volcanic hotspots
🔹 Examples:
➤ Hawaiian Islands – Pacific Plate moving over a plume
➤ Deccan Traps – Result of the Réunion plume
✅ Importance
🔹 Explains intraplate volcanism (volcanoes away from plate boundaries)
🔹 Helps understand continental flood basalts and plate movements
#GS1 #Geography #MantlePlume #GS3 #DisasterManagement
#geographyoptional
#Disaster_management
Join @Upsc_4_environment
@Mapping_prelims_mains
📍 A mantle plume is a localized, upwelling column of hot magma rising from deep within the Earth’s mantle, possibly from the core-mantle boundary. These plumes are thought to be stationary and independent of tectonic plate boundaries.
✅ Key Features
🔹 Origin: Deep mantle or core-mantle boundary (~2,900 km depth)
🔹 Nature: Buoyant and hot, it melts the overlying lithosphere, forming volcanic hotspots
🔹 Examples:
➤ Hawaiian Islands – Pacific Plate moving over a plume
➤ Deccan Traps – Result of the Réunion plume
✅ Importance
🔹 Explains intraplate volcanism (volcanoes away from plate boundaries)
🔹 Helps understand continental flood basalts and plate movements
#GS1 #Geography #MantlePlume #GS3 #DisasterManagement
#geographyoptional
#Disaster_management
Join @Upsc_4_environment
@Mapping_prelims_mains