π Distribution of Mineral Oil & Its Global Implications
(UPSC Mains GS1 β 2015 Topic Revisited)
π Uneven Global Distribution
β Major reserves in Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran), North America (USA, Canada), Russia, Venezuela
β Significant offshore deposits in Arctic, North Sea, and West Africa
π Geopolitical Tensions
β Oil-rich nations wield strategic influence
β Oil-importing nations face energy security risks
π Economic Impact
β Drives industrialization and trade
β Prone to market volatility due to demand-supply mismatch
π Environmental Costs
β Extraction leads to pollution, habitat destruction, climate change
β Combustion worsens global warming
π Energy Transition & Future Outlook
β Renewables rising, but oil remains indispensable
β Emphasizes need for sustainable management & equitable resource policies
#GS1 #EnergySecurity
(UPSC Mains GS1 β 2015 Topic Revisited)
π Uneven Global Distribution
β Major reserves in Middle East (Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran), North America (USA, Canada), Russia, Venezuela
β Significant offshore deposits in Arctic, North Sea, and West Africa
π Geopolitical Tensions
β Oil-rich nations wield strategic influence
β Oil-importing nations face energy security risks
π Economic Impact
β Drives industrialization and trade
β Prone to market volatility due to demand-supply mismatch
π Environmental Costs
β Extraction leads to pollution, habitat destruction, climate change
β Combustion worsens global warming
π Energy Transition & Future Outlook
β Renewables rising, but oil remains indispensable
β Emphasizes need for sustainable management & equitable resource policies
#GS1 #EnergySecurity
β€7
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
πIf you really want to succeed in UPSC Prelims 2026, carry Prelims parallel to Mains. Donβt use extreme methods.
πFirst Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
βΆοΈMany failures have cleared Prelims for the first time from our platform. Itβs your turn now.
πSolve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1403
Telegram link: https://www.tg-me.com/goalTide
πFirst Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
βΆοΈMany failures have cleared Prelims for the first time from our platform. Itβs your turn now.
πSolve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1403
Telegram link: https://www.tg-me.com/goalTide
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
π Indiaβs Disaster Risk Profile: Key Facts & Figures
π Latest indicators from official sources
β Indiaβs Disaster Preparedness Score = 19.2
(Source: SDG India Index 2024)
β India would lose 6% of working hours due to heat stress (β 35 million full-time jobs)
(Source: ILO)
β Expected financial losses due to heat stress = $2.4 trillion globally by 2030
(Source: ILO)
β Nearly 90% of India lies in danger zone from heatwave impact
(Source: PLOS)
β Drought impact reduced Indiaβs GDP by up to 5% in the last 20 years
(Source: UNCCD report)
β Drought-prone areas increased by 60% in last 25 years
(Source: NIDM)
β 40% of Indiaβs land and 70% of cropped area is drought-prone, affecting >40% of population
(Source: NIDM)
β In 60 years, floods caused βΉ4.5 trillion loss and >1 lakh deaths
(Source: Down to Earth)
β Over 12% of land prone to floods & river erosion
(Source: NDMA)
β 60% of India vulnerable to earthquakes where >80% of population lives
(Source: NDMA β Earthquake Disaster Risk Index Report)
β 75% of coastline & 1/3rd population vulnerable to cyclone-related disasters
(Source: IMD)
β India is exposed to 10% of worldβs tropical cyclones
(Source: IMD)
#GS3 #DisasterManagement #Data
#Disaster_management
#GS3
Join @CSE_EXAM
@UPSC_FACTS
π Latest indicators from official sources
β Indiaβs Disaster Preparedness Score = 19.2
(Source: SDG India Index 2024)
β India would lose 6% of working hours due to heat stress (β 35 million full-time jobs)
(Source: ILO)
β Expected financial losses due to heat stress = $2.4 trillion globally by 2030
(Source: ILO)
β Nearly 90% of India lies in danger zone from heatwave impact
(Source: PLOS)
β Drought impact reduced Indiaβs GDP by up to 5% in the last 20 years
(Source: UNCCD report)
β Drought-prone areas increased by 60% in last 25 years
(Source: NIDM)
β 40% of Indiaβs land and 70% of cropped area is drought-prone, affecting >40% of population
(Source: NIDM)
β In 60 years, floods caused βΉ4.5 trillion loss and >1 lakh deaths
(Source: Down to Earth)
β Over 12% of land prone to floods & river erosion
(Source: NDMA)
β 60% of India vulnerable to earthquakes where >80% of population lives
(Source: NDMA β Earthquake Disaster Risk Index Report)
β 75% of coastline & 1/3rd population vulnerable to cyclone-related disasters
(Source: IMD)
β India is exposed to 10% of worldβs tropical cyclones
(Source: IMD)
#GS3 #DisasterManagement #Data
#Disaster_management
#GS3
Join @CSE_EXAM
@UPSC_FACTS
β€1
π Case Study: Sinking of Joshimath
π Joshimath, located in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, is facing severe land subsidence driven by both natural vulnerabilities and human-induced stress.
β Key Geophysical Factors
β’ Located in a high-risk seismic zone (Zone V).
β’ Lies over active fault lines β Vaikrita Thrust and Main Central Thrust.
β’ Built on geologically unstable terrain of old landslide debris.
β Human-Induced Stress
β’ Unregulated construction and large-scale hydroelectric projects have disturbed the fragile ecosystem.
β’ Increased rainfall and blocked drainage systems further exacerbate ground instability.
π Way Forward
β Urgent steps needed include:
β’ Regulated development
β’ Scientific and geological reassessment
β’ Seismic risk mitigation planning
Protecting Joshimath demands a balance between ecology and development.
#GS1 #Geography #DisasterManagement #Joshimath
π Joshimath, located in Chamoli district of Uttarakhand, is facing severe land subsidence driven by both natural vulnerabilities and human-induced stress.
β Key Geophysical Factors
β’ Located in a high-risk seismic zone (Zone V).
β’ Lies over active fault lines β Vaikrita Thrust and Main Central Thrust.
β’ Built on geologically unstable terrain of old landslide debris.
β Human-Induced Stress
β’ Unregulated construction and large-scale hydroelectric projects have disturbed the fragile ecosystem.
β’ Increased rainfall and blocked drainage systems further exacerbate ground instability.
π Way Forward
β Urgent steps needed include:
β’ Regulated development
β’ Scientific and geological reassessment
β’ Seismic risk mitigation planning
Protecting Joshimath demands a balance between ecology and development.
π Mains GS1 Q
Q. The crisis in Joshimath highlights the tension between environmental fragility and developmental pressures in Himalayan towns. Analyse the causes of the crisis and suggest sustainable solutions.
#GS1 #Geography #DisasterManagement #Joshimath
β€1
Forwarded from UPSC PIB NEWS
Join Now :- https://www.evaluateias.com/plans-pricing
For Sample Copies:- https://www.tg-me.com/AnswerwritingupscMain
For Doubts:-https://www.tg-me.com/Evaluate_Ias
Only 5 Seats Join soonπ
For Sample Copies:- https://www.tg-me.com/AnswerwritingupscMain
For Doubts:-https://www.tg-me.com/Evaluate_Ias
Only 5 Seats Join soonπ
π Coastal Landforms β UPSC Notes
π Classification & Significance | Erosion, Deposition, and Government Response
β Erosional Landforms
β€ Headlands and Bays: Waves erode softer rock (bays); harder rock forms headlands.
β€ Cliffs and Wave-Cut Platforms: Cliffs formed by relentless wave pounding; erosion creates flat platforms at the base.
β€ Caves, Arches, Stacks, Stumps: Waves carve caves in headlands β grow into arches β collapse into stacks β eroded into stumps.
β Depositional Landforms
β€ Beaches: Formed by accumulation of eroded rock fragments by wave action.
β€ Spits, Bars and Lagoons: Spits = sand extensions into sea; when connected across a bay = bars, forming lagoons behind.
β Significance of Coastal Landforms
β€ Tourism Hubs: Especially beaches (major attractions).
β€ Mineral Resources: Beaches may contain gold (Subarnarekha River) & thorium (Kerala).
β Threats of Coastal Erosion
β€ Vulnerable Coastlines: 33.6% of Indiaβs coastline under threat; Odisha most affected (28%).
β€ Community Impact: Loss of boats, nets, fishing spaces; habitat destruction and displacement.
β Government Measures to Prevent Erosion
β€ Mangrove planting & shelterbelts
β€ Installing Geo-tubes
β€ Rs. 2500 crore under 15th Finance Commission for resettlement of displaced families and mitigation efforts.
#GS1 #Geography #CoastalErosion #DisasterMitigation
π Classification & Significance | Erosion, Deposition, and Government Response
β Erosional Landforms
β€ Headlands and Bays: Waves erode softer rock (bays); harder rock forms headlands.
β€ Cliffs and Wave-Cut Platforms: Cliffs formed by relentless wave pounding; erosion creates flat platforms at the base.
β€ Caves, Arches, Stacks, Stumps: Waves carve caves in headlands β grow into arches β collapse into stacks β eroded into stumps.
β Depositional Landforms
β€ Beaches: Formed by accumulation of eroded rock fragments by wave action.
β€ Spits, Bars and Lagoons: Spits = sand extensions into sea; when connected across a bay = bars, forming lagoons behind.
β Significance of Coastal Landforms
β€ Tourism Hubs: Especially beaches (major attractions).
β€ Mineral Resources: Beaches may contain gold (Subarnarekha River) & thorium (Kerala).
β Threats of Coastal Erosion
β€ Vulnerable Coastlines: 33.6% of Indiaβs coastline under threat; Odisha most affected (28%).
β€ Community Impact: Loss of boats, nets, fishing spaces; habitat destruction and displacement.
β Government Measures to Prevent Erosion
β€ Mangrove planting & shelterbelts
β€ Installing Geo-tubes
β€ Rs. 2500 crore under 15th Finance Commission for resettlement of displaced families and mitigation efforts.
π Prelims MCQ
Which of the following is a depositional coastal feature?
(a) Stack
(b) Cliff
(c) Lagoon
(d) Cave
β Ans: (c) Lagoon
π Mains Q (GS1 β Geography)
Discuss the formation and significance of coastal landforms. How is coastal erosion impacting Indiaβs coastal communities and what measures are being taken to mitigate it?
#GS1 #Geography #CoastalErosion #DisasterMitigation
β€4
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
π After Revolutionizing Mains Preparation!
π€ This Year ConvertIAS is taking CHARGE of your Prelims Prep!
π₯ Introducing -Prelims COMPLETE - 2026
ππ» Best in the Market
Notes | Lectures | Tests | Mentorship
π₯ FOR THE FIRST TIME: Most Affordable + Comprehensive Prelims Preparation in One Plan | You Don't Need to Refer ANYTHING ELSE!
ππ»To Know More:
ConvertIAS.com/subscription-details/prelims_complete
π€ This Year ConvertIAS is taking CHARGE of your Prelims Prep!
π₯ Introducing -
ππ» Best in the Market
Notes | Lectures | Tests | Mentorship
π₯ FOR THE FIRST TIME: Most Affordable + Comprehensive Prelims Preparation in One Plan | You Don't Need to Refer ANYTHING ELSE!
ππ»To Know More:
ConvertIAS.com/subscription-details/prelims_complete
β
Students who want the best examples for ethics and essays from newspapers on a daily basis can join this channel which has these collections.
Everyday spend 5 minutes on these quotes and examples case study, for better retention.
CLICK HERE TO JOIN
Everyday spend 5 minutes on these quotes and examples case study, for better retention.
CLICK HERE TO JOIN
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
Hello everyone!
Iβm Pramod Kumar Singh β Iβve reached the UPSC CSE interview three times, most recently in 2024. Iβve also served as a mentor on Unacademy and other leading coaching platforms.
I've distilled every insight, strategy and lesson from my journey into Ease My Prep -> 1995β2025 PYQs by topic, π Trend analysis, Elimination-matrix tests to build guessing skills, Constitution , daily editorials & more....
πAndroid: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.unique.easemyprep.ease_my_prep
πiOS: https://apps.apple.com/in/app/ease-my-prep/id6747049482
πTelegram Channel for notes/content : www.tg-me.com/UPSCEaseMyPrep
ππ₯ Free 3-Month PYQ Program , Duration: July 7 β September 30
Daily Prelims & Mains questions will appear on app
Complete coverage of all Mains tags (Paper β Topic β Subtopic β Tag)
Tag-wise notes & trend analysis will be provide in the telegram channel
π Join the discussion on Telegram:
www.tg-me.com/UPSCEaseMyPrep
Letβs conquer UPSC together!
Iβm Pramod Kumar Singh β Iβve reached the UPSC CSE interview three times, most recently in 2024. Iβve also served as a mentor on Unacademy and other leading coaching platforms.
I've distilled every insight, strategy and lesson from my journey into Ease My Prep -> 1995β2025 PYQs by topic, π Trend analysis, Elimination-matrix tests to build guessing skills, Constitution , daily editorials & more....
πAndroid: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=in.unique.easemyprep.ease_my_prep
πiOS: https://apps.apple.com/in/app/ease-my-prep/id6747049482
πTelegram Channel for notes/content : www.tg-me.com/UPSCEaseMyPrep
ππ₯ Free 3-Month PYQ Program , Duration: July 7 β September 30
Daily Prelims & Mains questions will appear on app
Complete coverage of all Mains tags (Paper β Topic β Subtopic β Tag)
Tag-wise notes & trend analysis will be provide in the telegram channel
π Join the discussion on Telegram:
www.tg-me.com/UPSCEaseMyPrep
Letβs conquer UPSC together!
β€2
π Kashmirβs Scorching Summer: Heat Records and Urban Impact
π Seven-decade high in Srinagar amid erratic climate shifts
β Record-Breaking Heat in Kashmir:
β¦ Srinagar recorded a seven-decade high temperature on July 5, 2025, reaching 37.4Β°C β third-highest for July on record.
β¦ Pahalgam hit 31.6Β°C, its highest ever; June 2025 was the hottest in Kashmir in nearly 50 years.
β Climatic Characteristics of Kashmir:
β¦ The valley has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons.
β¦ Summer (JuneβAugust) is the warmest, with urban highs touching 36Β°C.
β Recent Climatic Changes:
β¦ Long dry spells, erratic weather, and consistent warming have become frequent.
β¦ In June, temperatures were ~3Β°C above normal, with declining rainfall.
β Urban Heat Islands (UHIs):
β¦ Urbanisation, concretisation, loss of vegetation, and vanishing water bodies trap heat in cities like Srinagar.
β¦ Urban areas are now warmer than rural surroundings β classic UHI pattern.
β Reasons Behind the Warming:
β¦ Climate change + local factors like melting snow by March, less snowfall, vehicle emissions, and construction.
β¦ Green cover decline reduces natural cooling.
β Worrying Trends:
β¦ Max temperatures in June now stay between 32Β°C to 33Β°C, far above historical averages.
β¦ Not isolated β min & max temperatures remain consistently elevated.
β¦ Kashmir now shows signs of heatwave-like conditions, rare in past decades.
β Environmental/Ecological Impacts:
β¦ Drying rivers (e.g. Jhelum) and increased water stress seen.
β¦ Air conditioner demand surges β power and energy systems under pressure.
β¦ Long-term threats to agriculture, water security, and ecology.
π Source: The Indian Express | July 2025
#GS1 #ClimateChange #GS3 #Kashmir #environment #geography
π Seven-decade high in Srinagar amid erratic climate shifts
β Record-Breaking Heat in Kashmir:
β¦ Srinagar recorded a seven-decade high temperature on July 5, 2025, reaching 37.4Β°C β third-highest for July on record.
β¦ Pahalgam hit 31.6Β°C, its highest ever; June 2025 was the hottest in Kashmir in nearly 50 years.
β Climatic Characteristics of Kashmir:
β¦ The valley has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons.
β¦ Summer (JuneβAugust) is the warmest, with urban highs touching 36Β°C.
β Recent Climatic Changes:
β¦ Long dry spells, erratic weather, and consistent warming have become frequent.
β¦ In June, temperatures were ~3Β°C above normal, with declining rainfall.
β Urban Heat Islands (UHIs):
β¦ Urbanisation, concretisation, loss of vegetation, and vanishing water bodies trap heat in cities like Srinagar.
β¦ Urban areas are now warmer than rural surroundings β classic UHI pattern.
β Reasons Behind the Warming:
β¦ Climate change + local factors like melting snow by March, less snowfall, vehicle emissions, and construction.
β¦ Green cover decline reduces natural cooling.
β Worrying Trends:
β¦ Max temperatures in June now stay between 32Β°C to 33Β°C, far above historical averages.
β¦ Not isolated β min & max temperatures remain consistently elevated.
β¦ Kashmir now shows signs of heatwave-like conditions, rare in past decades.
β Environmental/Ecological Impacts:
β¦ Drying rivers (e.g. Jhelum) and increased water stress seen.
β¦ Air conditioner demand surges β power and energy systems under pressure.
β¦ Long-term threats to agriculture, water security, and ecology.
π Source: The Indian Express | July 2025
π Mains Q (GS1 + GS3 β Geography + Environment)
βRising temperatures in ecologically sensitive regions like Kashmir reflect both global and local anthropogenic pressures.β Discuss the causes, impacts, and mitigation strategies with reference to recent heatwave-like conditions in the Valley.
#GS1 #ClimateChange #GS3 #Kashmir #environment #geography
β€7
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
π Hello UPSC 2026 Aspirants!
Weβre PadhAI - a free UPSC prep app built by IITians, AI PhDs & top UPSC experts.
π₯ Download now: https://padhai.page.link/UPSC_Prelims_2025
Why choose PadhAIββ your all-in-one free UPSC prep companion?
π Daily top news (TH & IE) + related PYQs + daily news MCQs
π Topic-wise search of 30+ yrs PYQs
π 24Γ7 AI Chat for doubt resolution & concept clarity
π Practice 30k+ MCQs & full GS + CSAT mocks
π Play Duel UPSC quizzes with fellow aspirants
β¬οΈGet the app on Playstore
Weβre PadhAI - a free UPSC prep app built by IITians, AI PhDs & top UPSC experts.
π₯ Download now: https://padhai.page.link/UPSC_Prelims_2025
Why choose PadhAIββ your all-in-one free UPSC prep companion?
π Daily top news (TH & IE) + related PYQs + daily news MCQs
π Topic-wise search of 30+ yrs PYQs
π 24Γ7 AI Chat for doubt resolution & concept clarity
π Practice 30k+ MCQs & full GS + CSAT mocks
π Play Duel UPSC quizzes with fellow aspirants
β¬οΈGet the app on Playstore
β€1
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
πIf you really want to succeed in UPSC Prelims 2026, carry Prelims parallel to Mains. Donβt use extreme methods.
πFirst Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
βΆοΈMany failures have cleared Prelims for the first time from our platform. Itβs your turn now.
πSolve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1408
Telegram link: https://www.tg-me.com/goalTide
πFirst Academy in India which deals only with UPSC Prelims exam. This is very different.
Practice from Day 1.
βΆοΈMany failures have cleared Prelims for the first time from our platform. Itβs your turn now.
πSolve the above question: https://www.goaltideias.com/startdailyquizs-detail/1408
Telegram link: https://www.tg-me.com/goalTide