🔆 Important Gulfs/Bays
📍 Bay of Biscay
✅ Surrounding Countries: France, Spain
✅ Adjacent Water Body: Atlantic Ocean
📍 Gulf of Bothnia
✅ Surrounding Countries: Sweden, Finland
✅ Adjacent Water Body: Baltic Sea
📍 Gulf of Finland
✅ Surrounding Countries: Finland, Estonia, Russia
✅ Adjacent Water Body: Baltic Sea
📍 Gulf of Lion
✅ Surrounding Country: France
✅ Adjacent Water Body: Mediterranean Sea
📍 Bay of Biscay
✅ Surrounding Countries: France, Spain
✅ Adjacent Water Body: Atlantic Ocean
📍 Gulf of Bothnia
✅ Surrounding Countries: Sweden, Finland
✅ Adjacent Water Body: Baltic Sea
📍 Gulf of Finland
✅ Surrounding Countries: Finland, Estonia, Russia
✅ Adjacent Water Body: Baltic Sea
📍 Gulf of Lion
✅ Surrounding Country: France
✅ Adjacent Water Body: Mediterranean Sea
Read the following and identify the incorrect statement, with respect to Ramsar sites and wetlands:
Anonymous Quiz
20%
The country with the most Ramsar Sites is the United Kingdom.
19%
Brazil has the largest area under wetland protection.
33%
India has a total of 49 designated sites spread over 18 states and two Union Territories.
28%
Among the Kerala has highest amount of Ramsar sites in India.
Rainfall generally increases as we proceed from:
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Lower to higher altitude
26%
Coastal areas to interior areas
30%
Poles to equator
28%
All of the above
The Mahapuranas have five subjects. Which of the following is NOT included?
Anonymous Quiz
14%
Sarga, the original creation of the universe
25%
Nadabindu, cosmic dance with Anahata Naad (sound)
45%
Surya Vamsha and Chandra Vamsa, the histories of the solar and lunar dynasties of Gods and sages
16%
Vamshanucharita, the genealogies of kings
🔆 Ninetyeast Ridge
✅ A linear submarine volcanic ridge running north to south near 90° East longitude.
✅ Formed by hotspot volcanic activity beneath the Indian Ocean.
✅ Linked to the Kerguelen hotspot, which is a moving hotspot, influencing the ridge’s formation and path.
✅ Reference: Nature Article on Kerguelen Hotspot Movement
✅ A linear submarine volcanic ridge running north to south near 90° East longitude.
✅ Formed by hotspot volcanic activity beneath the Indian Ocean.
✅ Linked to the Kerguelen hotspot, which is a moving hotspot, influencing the ridge’s formation and path.
✅ Reference: Nature Article on Kerguelen Hotspot Movement
🔆 Georges and Grand Banks
✅ Georges Bank: Located off the coast of New England, USA.
✅ Grand Banks: Situated off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.
✅ Among the world’s richest fishing grounds due to the mixing of warm Gulf Stream and cold Labrador Current waters.
✅ Experienced collapse of fisheries in the 1990s, especially cod, due to overfishing.
#geography #fisheries
✅ Georges Bank: Located off the coast of New England, USA.
✅ Grand Banks: Situated off the coast of Newfoundland, Canada.
✅ Among the world’s richest fishing grounds due to the mixing of warm Gulf Stream and cold Labrador Current waters.
✅ Experienced collapse of fisheries in the 1990s, especially cod, due to overfishing.
#geography #fisheries
In snow free areas, the ground reflects 2.2% more sunlight, causing colling effect.
🔆 Key Takeaways: Subtle Vegetation Shifts Made Earth Brighter and Cooler
✅ Satellite data (2001-20) shows snow-free areas reflect 2.2% more sunlight, causing a cooling effect.
✅ Increased brightness mainly due to drying grasses and shrubs replacing darker plants.
✅ These subtle shifts caused 3.9-8.1 times more cooling than land-use changes.
✅ Shrublands and short natural vegetation are the biggest contributors.
✅ Shrinking snow cover accounts for only 14% of the cooling effect.
#ClimateScience #EarthObservation #VegetationChanges
#geography
🔆 Key Takeaways: Subtle Vegetation Shifts Made Earth Brighter and Cooler
✅ Satellite data (2001-20) shows snow-free areas reflect 2.2% more sunlight, causing a cooling effect.
✅ Increased brightness mainly due to drying grasses and shrubs replacing darker plants.
✅ These subtle shifts caused 3.9-8.1 times more cooling than land-use changes.
✅ Shrublands and short natural vegetation are the biggest contributors.
✅ Shrinking snow cover accounts for only 14% of the cooling effect.
#ClimateScience #EarthObservation #VegetationChanges
#geography
🔆 Important Volcanoes
📍 Mount Yasur
✅ Location: Tanna Island, Vanuatu
✅ Details: One of the world’s most accessible active volcanoes; continuous activity.
📍 Mount Ruapehu
✅ Location: North Island, New Zealand
✅ Details: Active stratovolcano; highest point in the North Island.
📍 Mount Tavurvur
✅ Location: East New Britain, Papua New Guinea
✅ Details: Active volcano; part of the Rabaul caldera.
📍 Mount Yasur
✅ Location: Tanna Island, Vanuatu
✅ Details: One of the world’s most accessible active volcanoes; continuous activity.
📍 Mount Ruapehu
✅ Location: North Island, New Zealand
✅ Details: Active stratovolcano; highest point in the North Island.
📍 Mount Tavurvur
✅ Location: East New Britain, Papua New Guinea
✅ Details: Active volcano; part of the Rabaul caldera.
🔆 Ellsworth Mountains in Antarctica
✅ Location:
• The Ellsworth Mountains are situated in West Antarctica.
✅ Key Feature:
• These mountains include Mount Vinson, the highest peak in Antarctica, standing at 4,892 meters.
#EllsworthMountains #MountVinson #Antarctica #Geography
✅ Location:
• The Ellsworth Mountains are situated in West Antarctica.
✅ Key Feature:
• These mountains include Mount Vinson, the highest peak in Antarctica, standing at 4,892 meters.
#EllsworthMountains #MountVinson #Antarctica #Geography
Forwarded from UPSC Mapping Prelims Mains
🔆 Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) & Indian Monsoon 🌧️
📍 What is IOD?
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a climate phenomenon caused by temperature differences between the eastern (Bay of Bengal) and western (Arabian Sea) regions of the Indian Ocean. It greatly impacts the Indian monsoon and rainfall distribution.
🔹 Positive IOD:
✅ Warmer West, Cooler East - Warmer sea temperatures in the west and cooler in the east create favorable conditions for rainfall.
✅ Enhanced Monsoon - Strengthens monsoon circulation, increasing rainfall in central India.
✅ Increased Rainfall - Observed above-average rainfall in central India during positive IOD years.
🔻 Negative IOD:
✅ Cooler West, Warmer East - Temperature reversal leads to a weaker monsoon.
✅ Weaker Monsoon - Disrupts monsoon circulation, causing a delayed or weak monsoon.
✅ Drought Risk - Potential drought conditions, particularly in central and eastern India, with below-average rainfall.
#Geography
📍 What is IOD?
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is a climate phenomenon caused by temperature differences between the eastern (Bay of Bengal) and western (Arabian Sea) regions of the Indian Ocean. It greatly impacts the Indian monsoon and rainfall distribution.
🔹 Positive IOD:
✅ Warmer West, Cooler East - Warmer sea temperatures in the west and cooler in the east create favorable conditions for rainfall.
✅ Enhanced Monsoon - Strengthens monsoon circulation, increasing rainfall in central India.
✅ Increased Rainfall - Observed above-average rainfall in central India during positive IOD years.
🔻 Negative IOD:
✅ Cooler West, Warmer East - Temperature reversal leads to a weaker monsoon.
✅ Weaker Monsoon - Disrupts monsoon circulation, causing a delayed or weak monsoon.
✅ Drought Risk - Potential drought conditions, particularly in central and eastern India, with below-average rainfall.
#Geography
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