The electrical conduction system of the heart transmits signals generated usually by the sinoatrial node to cause contraction of the heart muscle. The pacemaking signal generated in the sinoatrial node travels through the right atrium to the atrioventricular node, along the Bundle of His and through bundle branches to cause contraction of the heart muscle. This signal stimulates contraction first of the right and left atrium, and then the right and left ventricles. This process allows blood to be pumped throughout the body.
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Dermoid cyst of the ovary
A teratoma is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, teeth, or bone.
A dermoid cyst is a mature cystic teratoma containing hair (sometimes very abundant) and other structures characteristic of normal skin and other tissues derived from the ectoderm. The term is most often applied to teratoma on the skull sutures and in the ovaries.
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A teratoma is a tumor made up of several different types of tissue, such as hair, muscle, teeth, or bone.
A dermoid cyst is a mature cystic teratoma containing hair (sometimes very abundant) and other structures characteristic of normal skin and other tissues derived from the ectoderm. The term is most often applied to teratoma on the skull sutures and in the ovaries.
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Kyphosis vs. Scoliosis
Kyphosis causes the spine to curve abnormally on the sagittal plane, meaning it twists forward or backward, giving the back a rounded or hunched appearance. Scoliosis causes the spine to curve abnormally on the coronal plane, meaning it twists sideways.
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Kyphosis causes the spine to curve abnormally on the sagittal plane, meaning it twists forward or backward, giving the back a rounded or hunched appearance. Scoliosis causes the spine to curve abnormally on the coronal plane, meaning it twists sideways.
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The circle of Willis is a circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures.
The circle of Willis is a part of the cerebral circulation and is composed of the following arteries:
• Anterior cerebral artery (left and right)
• Anterior communicating artery
• Internal carotid artery (left and right)
• Posterior cerebral artery (left and right)
• Posterior communicating artery (left and right)
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The circle of Willis is a part of the cerebral circulation and is composed of the following arteries:
• Anterior cerebral artery (left and right)
• Anterior communicating artery
• Internal carotid artery (left and right)
• Posterior cerebral artery (left and right)
• Posterior communicating artery (left and right)
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A 'U' wave as seen on ECG
The 'U' wave is a wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG). It comes after the T wave of ventricular repolarization and may not always be observed as a result of its small size. 'U' waves are thought to represent repolarization of the Purkinje fibers. However, the exact source of the U wave remains unclear. The most common theories for the origin are:
• Delayed repolarization of Purkinje fibers
• Prolonged re-polarisation of mid-myocardial M-cells
• After-potentials resulting from mechanical forces in the ventricular wall
• The repolarization of the papillary muscle.
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The 'U' wave is a wave on an electrocardiogram (ECG). It comes after the T wave of ventricular repolarization and may not always be observed as a result of its small size. 'U' waves are thought to represent repolarization of the Purkinje fibers. However, the exact source of the U wave remains unclear. The most common theories for the origin are:
• Delayed repolarization of Purkinje fibers
• Prolonged re-polarisation of mid-myocardial M-cells
• After-potentials resulting from mechanical forces in the ventricular wall
• The repolarization of the papillary muscle.
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A barium enema is a radiographic (X-ray) examination of the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract that can detect changes or abnormalities in the large intestine (colon). The large intestine, including the rectum, is made visible on X-ray film by filling the colon with barium sulfate (barium).
An enema is the injection of a liquid into the rectum through a small tube. In this case, the liquid contains a metallic substance (barium) that coats the lining of the colon. Normally, an X-ray produces a poor image of soft tissues, but the barium coating results in a relatively clear silhouette of the colon.
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An enema is the injection of a liquid into the rectum through a small tube. In this case, the liquid contains a metallic substance (barium) that coats the lining of the colon. Normally, an X-ray produces a poor image of soft tissues, but the barium coating results in a relatively clear silhouette of the colon.
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A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. Most MIs occur due to coronary artery disease.
A myocardial infarction, according to current consensus, is defined by elevated cardiac biomarkers with a rising or falling trend and at least one of the following:
• Symptoms relating to ischemia
• Changes on an electrocardiogram (ECG), such as ST segment changes, new left bundle branch block, or pathologic Q waves
• Changes in the motion of the heart wall on imaging
• Demonstration of a thrombus on angiogram or at autopsy.
A myocardial infarction is usually clinically classified as an ST-elevation MI (STEMI) or a non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI). These are based on ST elevation, a portion of a heartbeat graphically recorded on an ECG.
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A myocardial infarction, according to current consensus, is defined by elevated cardiac biomarkers with a rising or falling trend and at least one of the following:
• Symptoms relating to ischemia
• Changes on an electrocardiogram (ECG), such as ST segment changes, new left bundle branch block, or pathologic Q waves
• Changes in the motion of the heart wall on imaging
• Demonstration of a thrombus on angiogram or at autopsy.
A myocardial infarction is usually clinically classified as an ST-elevation MI (STEMI) or a non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI). These are based on ST elevation, a portion of a heartbeat graphically recorded on an ECG.
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Forwarded from International Up-to-date Clinical Channel, IUCC
The cardiac cycle is the performance of the human heart from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next. It consists of two periods: one during which the heart muscle relaxes and refills with blood, called diastole, following a period of robust contraction and pumping of blood, called systole. After emptying, the heart immediately relaxes and expands to receive another influx of blood returning from the lungs and other systems of the body, before again contracting to pump blood to the lungs and those systems.
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A beautiful demonstration of the kidney parts
The kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins. Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder.
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The kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped organs. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins. Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder.
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The first ever shoulder replacement
The first shoulder replacement was allegedly performed by
the French surgeon Jules Emile Pean in 1893 . The
patient was a 37-year old man who suffered
from bony tuberculosis. The prosthesis was made in two
parts; the shaft was made of platinum and the head was
made of hardened rubber. The initial results were
encouraging but unfortunately Dr. Pean had to remove the
prosthesis two years later owing to infection.
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The first shoulder replacement was allegedly performed by
the French surgeon Jules Emile Pean in 1893 . The
patient was a 37-year old man who suffered
from bony tuberculosis. The prosthesis was made in two
parts; the shaft was made of platinum and the head was
made of hardened rubber. The initial results were
encouraging but unfortunately Dr. Pean had to remove the
prosthesis two years later owing to infection.
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A single red blood cell passing through a capillary
Scanning electron micrograph of a red blood cell (erythrocyte) squeezing through a capillary. This is where the oxygen-exchange with the surrounding tissues happens.
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Scanning electron micrograph of a red blood cell (erythrocyte) squeezing through a capillary. This is where the oxygen-exchange with the surrounding tissues happens.
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Acute right extra-dural hematoma
Acute left subdural hematoma
Extra-dural hematoma (Epidural hematoma) is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull.
A subdural hematoma (SDH) is a type of bleeding in which a collection of blood—usually but not always associated with a traumatic brain injury—gathers between the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the meninges surrounding the brain.
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Acute left subdural hematoma
Extra-dural hematoma (Epidural hematoma) is when bleeding occurs between the tough outer membrane covering the brain (dura mater) and the skull.
A subdural hematoma (SDH) is a type of bleeding in which a collection of blood—usually but not always associated with a traumatic brain injury—gathers between the inner layer of the dura mater and the arachnoid mater of the meninges surrounding the brain.
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Learning about myocardial ischemia, myocardial injury and myocardial infarction
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Medical_doctors Channel
The biliary tract, (biliary tree or biliary system) refers to the liver, gall bladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile. Bile consists of water, electrolytes, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and conjugated bilirubin. Some components are synthesised by hepatocytes (liver cells), the rest are extracted from the blood by the liver.
Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. Between meals, secreted bile is stored in the gall bladder, where 80–90% of the water and electrolytes can be absorbed, leaving the bile acids and cholesterol. During a meal, the smooth muscles in the gallbladder wall contract, leading to the bile being secreted into the duodenum to rid the body of waste stored in the bile as well as aid in the absorption of dietary fats and oils by solubilizing them using bile acids.
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Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. Between meals, secreted bile is stored in the gall bladder, where 80–90% of the water and electrolytes can be absorbed, leaving the bile acids and cholesterol. During a meal, the smooth muscles in the gallbladder wall contract, leading to the bile being secreted into the duodenum to rid the body of waste stored in the bile as well as aid in the absorption of dietary fats and oils by solubilizing them using bile acids.
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