Forwarded from هەنگاو
A Colles' fracture is a type of fracture of the distal forearm in which the broken end of the radius is bent backwards.
Forwarded from هەنگاو (IᏰᖇᎯᏲᎨᗰ ᏥᏲᎯᏝᎨᏝ)
🔷(Polycoria):
Polycoria: is a pathological condition of the eye characterized by more than one pupillary opening in the iris. It may be congenital or result from a disease affecting the iris. It results in decreased function of iris and pupil, affecting the physical eye and visualization.
🔵Epidemiology:
Polycoria is extremely rare, and other conditions are frequently mistaken for it. Polycoria is often congenital, however not diagnosed until adulthood. The general cause of polycoria is unknown, but there are some other eye conditions that are in association with polycoria. These include (although not often) polar cataracts, glaucoma, abnormally long eyelashes, abnormal eye development, and poor vision.[citation needed]
There have been cases diagnosed from age 3 to adulthood. The prevalence of true polycoria is minimal. The two kinds of polycoria are true polycoria and false pseudopolycoria.
There are no known or proposed trends in the occurrences of polycoria based on geographical location, age, gender, or season.
🔷True polycoria)
In cases of true polycoria, there is an extra pupil that tends to be reactive to light and medication. To be considered true polycoria the extra pupil and the principal pupil must dilate and contract simultaneously with triggers such as light and administered drugs. The extraneous pupil is c. 2.5mm away from the principal pupil. In cases of true polycoria there is an intact sphincter muscle, which contracts and dilates the pupils. In an eye without polycoria, the sphincter muscle is a part of the iris that functions to constrict and dilate the pupil. A patient with true polycoria experiences handicapped vision as well as stimulation of the retina in response to bright lights.
It is said that the term "true polycoria" is overused, and used correctly when addressing congenital deformations of the iris. Often "true polycoria" is used when it in fact is a case of pseudopolycoria.
🔷Pseudopolycoria
Although less rare than true polycoria, pseudopolycoria is still very uncommon. In cases of pseudopolycoria there is a "passive constriction" that differentiates the extra pupil from the true pupil during constriction and dilation. The extra pupil in pseudopolycoria is different than the extra pupil in true polycoria because it shows defects that are independent of the sphincter muscles.[citation needed] Pseudopolycoria is often associated with Seckel syndrome, posterior polymorphous dystrophy, and juvenile glaucoma.
Pseudopolycoria consists of splitting of the iris that are not contingent with the sphincter muscles at the root of the iris.
Treatment:
Polycoria has been linked to hereditary genetics,[8] and also associated with polar cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. Not all cases are treated for this iris abnormality, but when cases are treated the only treatment is surgical procedure and life-long ocular monitoring that is highly recommended. Considerations for surgery are surgical correction, intraocular surgery, and/or reapproximation, as if it was being treated for glaucoma or retinal detachment. Children under the age of 3, who do not seek surgical surgery, have responded well with miotic drops that contained mydriatic/cycloplegic, allowing the separate eye sphincters to dilate and constrict together. This allows improved balance of uncorrected visual acuity. A 1-mm limbalincisions would be made, a spatula is inserted through the side to elevate the two pupils (avoiding contact with the lens).
Surgical technique:😀
There have been cases where there are various techniques for surgical procedures and can be performed on children and adults. One of the techniques for repair is by using a double armed polypropylene suture, where the suture is left externally on the sclera with a knot buried in the scleral flap. This technique allows posterior fixation of intraocular lens implants in the absence of capsular.
Maria Kamal (student medical of kums)
Polycoria: is a pathological condition of the eye characterized by more than one pupillary opening in the iris. It may be congenital or result from a disease affecting the iris. It results in decreased function of iris and pupil, affecting the physical eye and visualization.
🔵Epidemiology:
Polycoria is extremely rare, and other conditions are frequently mistaken for it. Polycoria is often congenital, however not diagnosed until adulthood. The general cause of polycoria is unknown, but there are some other eye conditions that are in association with polycoria. These include (although not often) polar cataracts, glaucoma, abnormally long eyelashes, abnormal eye development, and poor vision.[citation needed]
There have been cases diagnosed from age 3 to adulthood. The prevalence of true polycoria is minimal. The two kinds of polycoria are true polycoria and false pseudopolycoria.
There are no known or proposed trends in the occurrences of polycoria based on geographical location, age, gender, or season.
🔷True polycoria)
In cases of true polycoria, there is an extra pupil that tends to be reactive to light and medication. To be considered true polycoria the extra pupil and the principal pupil must dilate and contract simultaneously with triggers such as light and administered drugs. The extraneous pupil is c. 2.5mm away from the principal pupil. In cases of true polycoria there is an intact sphincter muscle, which contracts and dilates the pupils. In an eye without polycoria, the sphincter muscle is a part of the iris that functions to constrict and dilate the pupil. A patient with true polycoria experiences handicapped vision as well as stimulation of the retina in response to bright lights.
It is said that the term "true polycoria" is overused, and used correctly when addressing congenital deformations of the iris. Often "true polycoria" is used when it in fact is a case of pseudopolycoria.
🔷Pseudopolycoria
Although less rare than true polycoria, pseudopolycoria is still very uncommon. In cases of pseudopolycoria there is a "passive constriction" that differentiates the extra pupil from the true pupil during constriction and dilation. The extra pupil in pseudopolycoria is different than the extra pupil in true polycoria because it shows defects that are independent of the sphincter muscles.[citation needed] Pseudopolycoria is often associated with Seckel syndrome, posterior polymorphous dystrophy, and juvenile glaucoma.
Pseudopolycoria consists of splitting of the iris that are not contingent with the sphincter muscles at the root of the iris.
Treatment:
Polycoria has been linked to hereditary genetics,[8] and also associated with polar cataracts, glaucoma, and retinal detachment. Not all cases are treated for this iris abnormality, but when cases are treated the only treatment is surgical procedure and life-long ocular monitoring that is highly recommended. Considerations for surgery are surgical correction, intraocular surgery, and/or reapproximation, as if it was being treated for glaucoma or retinal detachment. Children under the age of 3, who do not seek surgical surgery, have responded well with miotic drops that contained mydriatic/cycloplegic, allowing the separate eye sphincters to dilate and constrict together. This allows improved balance of uncorrected visual acuity. A 1-mm limbalincisions would be made, a spatula is inserted through the side to elevate the two pupils (avoiding contact with the lens).
Surgical technique:😀
There have been cases where there are various techniques for surgical procedures and can be performed on children and adults. One of the techniques for repair is by using a double armed polypropylene suture, where the suture is left externally on the sclera with a knot buried in the scleral flap. This technique allows posterior fixation of intraocular lens implants in the absence of capsular.
Maria Kamal (student medical of kums)
Forwarded from هەنگاو (IᏰᖇᎯᏲᎨᗰ ᏥᏲᎯᏝᎨᏝ)
Brazillian doctors are taking an experimental approach to treating burns: using tilapia skin!!
Forwarded from هەنگاو (IᏰᖇᎯᏲᎨᗰ ᏥᏲᎯᏝᎨᏝ)
کاردانەوەی پشیلەیەک دوای ئەوەی گوێی لە لێدانی دڵی بەچکەکەی ئەبێت
Forwarded from هەنگاو (IᏰᖇᎯᏲᎨᗰ ᏥᏲᎯᏝᎨᏝ)
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