Telegram Web Link
Forwarded from UPSC History
🚩 Foreign Invasions Before Mauryan Empire

🛡️ Iranian (Persian) Invasion (550 - 330 BCE)
Cyrus the Great (558 - 530 BCE): First foreign invader, captured Gandhara.
Darius I (522 - 486 BCE): Annexed Sind, Punjab, NWFP (516 BCE), making Gandhara a Persian satrapy.
Xerxes (486 - 465 BCE): Recruited Indian troops but failed to expand further.
Decline (330 BCE): Darius III lost control of Indian territories after Alexander’s invasion.

🌐 Impact of Persian Invasion
Political: Exposed India’s military weakness, influenced administrative structures.
Trade & Economy: Opened Indus-Arabian Sea trade routes and introduced Persian coinage techniques.
Culture: Kharoshthi script evolved from Persian Aramaic; Persian masonry influenced Mauryan art.
Forwarded from UPSC Prelims 2026
🔆 India Launches Operation Sindhu

📍 What happened? Amid rising Iran-Israel tensions, India began Operation Sindhu to bring back its citizens.
🔆 Why El Niño Is Hard to Predict

📍 El Niño remains a major challenge in climate forecasting due to dynamic ocean-atmosphere interactions
🌊 ENSO has 3 phases: El Niño (warm), La Niña (cool), and neutral.
🌀 Climate models struggle due to late-emerging ENSO signals (only in early summer).
🌬️ Westerly wind bursts and Indian Ocean anomalies can trigger or dampen ENSO.
🧪 New model: Recharge Oscillator (RO) simulates ENSO as a contest between sea-surface temp & sub-surface heat.
🌐 Disagreements remain on which ocean basin is most influential in modelling.

📝 Prelims Question:
Which of the following best describes the ENSO phenomenon?
A. Only a Pacific Ocean event
B. Ocean-atmosphere interaction with 3 phases
C. Caused by monsoonal winds
D. Predictable using historical data
Answer: B


📝 Mains Question (GS1 – Geography):
What makes the prediction of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon difficult? Discuss the implications for global weather forecasting and agriculture.


#GS1 #Geography #Climate #ENSO #ElNino #Prelims2026 #UPSC #prelims

Join @Mapping_prelims_mains
Science and technology is one of the Subjects which have high weightage, upsc prelims & mains GS 3

CLICK HERE TO JOIN

Hindu, IE, PIB NEWS 👆
🔆 Marine Microplastics Tied to Higher Diabetes Risk

📍 New U.S. study finds health impact correlation with ocean microplastic exposure
Microplastic pollution (within 370 km of U.S. coast) linked to:
 – 18% ↑ in Type-2 diabetes
 – 7% ↑ in coronary artery disease
 – 9% ↑ in stroke incidents
Study used data from 152 coastal counties.
Pattern holds even after controlling for age, sex, race, ethnicity, income, healthcare access, etc.
Suggests microplastics as a potential new risk factor in chronic disease burden.

📝 Prelims Question:
Which of the following diseases has NOT been associated with microplastic exposure in recent studies?
A. Type-2 Diabetes
B. Coronary Artery Disease
C. Stroke
D. Asthma
Answer: D


📝 Mains Question (GS3 – Environment/Health):
Recent studies suggest microplastics may be linked to chronic diseases like diabetes. Discuss the implications of such findings on public health policy and environmental regulation in India.

#GS3 #Environment #Microplastics #PublicHealth #Diabetes #Prelims2025 #Mains2025

@upsc_4_environment
@upsc_the_hindu_ie_editorial
🔆 North-East Tribal Uprisings before 1857

📍 Key Movements & Causes
Ahoms’ Revolt (1828–33, Assam):
Against British failure to honor post-Burmese War promises; British suppressed revolt by dividing the kingdom.

Khasis’ Revolt (1830s, Jaintia–Garo Hills):
Led by Tirath Singh, ruler of Nunklow; resisted British control of hilly regions.

Singphos’ Rebellion (1829–33, Assam):
Tribal unrest led to murder of British agent in 1839; rebellion was crushed by the Company.

📍 Common Features
Tribal autonomy threatened
Anti-colonial sentiment rooted in land & cultural encroachment
Harsh suppression by British through military force

📘 Prelims Question
Q. With reference to tribal uprisings in colonial India, which of the following is correctly matched?
A. Singphos – Santhal Pargana
B. Khasis – Tirath Singh
C. Ahoms – Garo Hills
D. Mundas – Assam

Answer: B. Khasis – Tirath Singh


📝 Mains Question (GS1 – Modern History)
Q. Tribal revolts in North-East India before 1857 reflected early resistance to colonial domination. Discuss with suitable examples.
Subject wise channel Statics+ current affairs with pyq

Polity CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE

History CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE

Society CLICK HERE

Security CLICK HERE

Economy CLICK HERE MCQ click here

IR CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE

Mains pyq CLICK HERE

Prelims PYQ GS CLICK HERE

CSAT PYQ CLICK HERE
NITI Aayog Completed 10 Years of its Foundation in January 2025
Indian Star Tortoise (Geochelone elegans)
Subject wise channel Statics+ Hindu IE PIB

Science technology CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE

Environment CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE

Mapping CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE

Govt schemes CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE

Art culture CLICK HERE MCQ CLICK HERE

Essay toppers CLICK HERE

Ethics topper's click here

Optional topper's click here

Topper's notes+ ans copy click here

Pyq PDF click here
Forwarded from UPSC Economy
🔆 MSMEs Need Secure, Agile Ecosystem: Priyank Kharge

📍At the MSME Growth Conclave 2025, Karnataka RD & IT Minister Priyank Kharge emphasized the pivotal role of MSMEs in India’s growth trajectory.

MSMEs are key to growth in defence, space & aviation sectors
Govt aims to ensure secure, water & energy-efficient infrastructure
Push for plug-and-play facilities in tier-2 cities (Mysuru, Belagavi, Kalaburagi)
Focus on innovation, experimentation & commercialization
India’s MSMEs must build deep expertise and target global quality benchmarks
Karnataka’s competition is now global, not just regional


📝 Prelims Question

Q. The MSME Growth Conclave 2025, recently in news, was held in:
(a) Hyderabad
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Gandhinagar
(d) Bhopal
Answer: (b)


📝 Mains Question (GS3 – Economy)
Q. Discuss the role of MSMEs in India’s strategic sectors and the challenges in creating a supportive ecosystem for their growth.


#GS3 #Economy #MSME #Innovation #DefenceManufacturing #Prelims2025 #Mains2025 #PlugAndPlay #IndustryPolicy
IAS officer initiative IE series

CLICK HERE
Members who have just joined this channel are requested to join our main channel too.

It is one of the old channel on telegram with 85 thousand aspirants.

CLICK HERE TO JOIN
Q.: Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides for the composition of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States)?
Anonymous Quiz
43%
Article 80
25%
Article 118
15%
Article 100
18%
Article 75
Q.: In which year was the Industrial Policy Resolution adopted?
Anonymous Quiz
45%
1956
24%
1954
29%
1952
2%
1950
Q.: Which of the following is NOT considered part of the Basic Structure of the Indian Constitution?
Anonymous Quiz
16%
Judicial Review
57%
Emergency Provisions
22%
Separation of Powers
5%
Fundamental Rights
Q.: Which of the following bodies is responsible for reviewing the administration of the 5th schedule in Indian states?
Anonymous Quiz
42%
Governor
33%
President
15%
Chief Minister
10%
Parliament
Q.: Which of the following statements about Non-Plan Expenditures in the context of government budgeting are correct?

1. Non-plan expenditure includes both revenue and capital expenditures of the government that are not part of the five-year plans or annual plans.
2. Interest payments on government borrowings form a significant part of non-plan expenditure.
3. Subsidies given by the government for food, fertilizers, and petroleum are excluded from non-plan expenditure.
4. Defense expenditures and pensions are categorized under non-plan expenditure.
2025/07/10 23:00:11
Back to Top
HTML Embed Code: