1. "Can" nima?
"Can" — bu modal fe’l bo‘lib, u qobiliyat (something is possible or someone is able to do something), ruxsat (permission) va **imkoniyat (possibility)**ni ifodalaydi.

2. "Can" qayerda ishlatiladi?
✅ a) Qobiliyatni ifodalashda
Ya'ni biror ishni qila olishimizni bildiradi.
Struktura: Subject + can + Verb (V1)

Misollar:

I can swim. — Men suza olaman.

She can speak three languages. — U uchta tilni gapira oladi.

✅ b) Ruxsat so‘rash yoki berishda
Odobli yoki norasmiy tarzda ruxsat so‘rash/berish uchun ishlatiladi.

Misollar:
Can I go out? — Tashqariga chiqsam bo‘ladimi?
Yes, you can. — Ha, bo‘ladi.
Can we use your phone? — Telefoningizdan foydalansak bo‘ladimi?

✅ c) Imkoniyat haqida gapirganda
Biror narsa qilish mumkinligi yoki voqelik ehtimoli haqida aytishda.
Misollar:

It can be dangerous to drive fast. — Tez haydash xavfli bo‘lishi mumkin.
Too much sugar can make you sick. — Juda ko‘p shakar sizni kasal qilishi mumkin.

3. "Can" ni inkor qilish: "Can't" yoki "Cannot"
❌ Qila olmaslik yoki ruxsat yo‘qligini bildiradi.
Misollar:

I can’t drive a car. — Men mashina hayday olmayman.
You cannot enter here. — Bu yerga kira olmaysiz.
He can’t come today. — U bugun kela olmaydi.

4. Savol shakli
Can + Subject + Verb (V1)?

Bu tuzilma savol berishda ishlatiladi.
Misollar:

Can you help me? — Menga yordam bera olasizmi?
Can she play the piano? — U pianino chala oladimi?

Like 👍 | Share 🤝

👉@noldan_ingliz_tili

"Must" modal feʼli nima?
"Must" — bu ingliz tilidagi modal feʼl bo‘lib, u orqali majburiyat, zaruriyat yoki ehtimolning yuqori darajasi ifodalanadi. Ya’ni, biror ishni qilish shart, kerak yoki qattiq tavsiya etiladi, degan ma’nolarni beradi.

1. Majburiyat yoki zaruriyat bildirishi
"Must" eng ko‘p biror ishni qilish majburiy bo‘lgan holatlarda ishlatiladi. Bu gapiruvchining shaxsiy fikri, ichki hisi yoki talabiga asoslanadi.

Misollar:

You must wear a uniform.
(Sen forma kiyishing kerak.)

I must finish my homework today.
(Men bugun uy vazifamni tugatishim kerak.)

2. Ehtimollik, taxmin bildirishi
"Must" ba’zan biror voqea yoki holat aniq deb hisoblanganda ishlatiladi. Bunda gapiruvchi voqeaning haqiqat bo‘lishiga juda ishonadi.

Misollar:

He must be at home — his car is outside.
(U uyda bo‘lsa kerak — mashinasi tashqarida turibdi.)

You must be tired after such a long trip.
(Bunday uzoq safardan keyin charchagan bo‘lsang kerak.)

3. Taqiqlash – "must not" yoki "mustn’t"
"Must" feʼlining inkor shakli "must not" yoki "mustn’t" bo‘lib, bu orqali biror ishni qilish mumkin emas, ya’ni qattiq taqiqlangan degan ma’no ifodalanadi.

Misollar:

You mustn’t talk during the exam.
(Imtihon paytida gapirish mumkin emas.)

Children must not play with matches.
(Bolalar gugurt bilan o‘ynashlari mumkin emas.)

4. O‘tmishdagi ehtimollik: "must have + fe’l (P.P.)"
"Must" odatda hozirgi yoki kelasi zamon uchun ishlatiladi.
Agar o‘tmishdagi taxmin yoki ehtimollikni ifodalamoqchi bo‘lsak, "must have" + fe’lning o‘tmish shakli ishlatiladi.

Misollar:

She must have left already.
(U allaqachon ketgan bo‘lsa kerak.)

They must have forgotten the meeting.
(Ular uchrashuvni unutgan bo‘lishlari kerak.)

5. "Must" va "Have to" farqi
Har ikkisi ham majburiyat bildiradi, lekin "must" — ichki his yoki shaxsiy fikr, "have to" esa tashqi talab yoki qonun-qoidaga asoslangan majburiyatni bildiradi.

Misollar:

I must call my friend. (Shaxsiy istak, ichki zaruriyat)

I have to pay my taxes. (Davlat talabi, tashqi majburiyat)

6. "Must"ning grammatik shakli
"Must"dan keyin har doim asosiy fe’lning infinitiv shakli (to-siz) keladi.

Tuzilishi:

I must go.

She must study.

You mustn’t be late.

"Must" har doim o‘zi o‘zgarmaydi (he/she/it bilan ham bir xil bo‘ladi), zamon shakllari yo‘q. O‘tmish uchun faqat must have + P.P. ishlatiladi.

Like 👍 | Share 🤝

👉@noldan_ingliz_tili

👆Bu fayl kitobdan namuna👆👆👆

📗Kitob nomi: English for kids
📖Sahifalar soni: 68 bet
📚Kitob shakli: PDF
💵Kitob narxi: 10 000 so'm
💰To'lov turi: Faqat Click

📄Kitob haqida: Kitob Round - Up kitobi asosida tayyorlangan. Bunda eng ko'p qo'llaniladigan gramatik mavzular sodda usulda, qisqa tushuntirilgan va har bir mavzu uchun turli misollar va mashqlar berilgan.

✅ Siz va farzandingiz bu kitob orqali ingliz tilini bemalol mustaqil o'rgana oladi.

🏦Hozirda sotuvdagi 8 ta kitobimiz:

📚Raymond Murphy Red - 1-qism
📚Raymond Murphy Red - 2-qism
📚Predloglar - to'liq
📚Zamonlar - to'liq
📚So'zlar (Raymond Murphy)
📚Testlar (Raymond Murphy)
📚Raymond Murphy (O'zbek tilida)
📚English for kids

🔔Supper chegirma: Agar kitoblarimizni hammasini sotib olsangiz, bu atiga 50 000 so'mga tushadi!

📚 Hozirda sotuvda bo'lgan barcha kitoblarimiz bilan tanishib chiqish uchun: 👉@noldan_ingliz_tili_gallery

👨‍💻Murojaat uchun:
📲@nashr_ad

Here’s how old these companies are:

🇨🇳 TikTok: 8 years
🇺🇸 OpenAI: 9 years
🇺🇸 Zoom: 14 years
🇺🇸 Instagram: 14 years
🇺🇸 Airbnb: 17 years
🇺🇸 Twitter / X: 19 years
🇺🇸 Facebook: 21 years
🇺🇸 Tesla: 22 years
🇺🇸 Google: 26 years
🇺🇸 Netflix: 27 years
🇺🇸 Amazon: 31 years
🇺🇸 Apple: 49 years
🇺🇸 Microsoft: 50 years
🇯🇵 Sony: 79 years
🇮🇳 Tata Motors: 80 years
🇰🇷 Samsung: 87 years
🇺🇸 Boeing: 109 years
🇩🇪 BMW: 109 years
🇺🇸 IBM: 114 years
🇮🇹 Fiat: 126 years
🇫🇷 Renault: 126 years
🇺🇸 Coca-Cola: 133 years
🇯🇵 Nintendo: 135 years
🇯🇵 Toshiba: 150 years
🇫🇮 Nokia: 160 years

Like 👍 | Share 🤝

👉@noldan_ingliz_tili

1️⃣ Very good → Excellent / Outstanding / Impressive
✏️ She did a very good job.
✅ She did an excellent job on the project.

2️⃣ Think → Believe / Assume / Consider
✏️ I think it’s important.
✅ I believe it’s crucial for development.

3️⃣ Get → Receive / Obtain / Acquire
✏️ I got a certificate.
✅ I obtained a certificate after completing the course.

4️⃣ Happy → Glad / Pleased / Delighted
✏️ I’m happy to be here.
✅ I’m delighted to be here today.

5️⃣ Important → Essential / Crucial / Significant
✏️ It’s important to learn English.
✅ It’s essential to master English for global communication

Like 👍 | Share 🤝

👉@noldan_ingliz_tili

FILOLOGIYA SOHASIDA xalqaro va mahalliy manbalar qidiryapsizmi? Unda bizning @filologik_manbalar_kanali sizning eng yaxshi yordamchingiz!
Bizning kanalda siz:
O'zbek tili va adabiyoti, filologiya, tarjima, metodika sohalariga oid eng so'nggi va dolzarb

KITOBLAR, ILMIY MAQOLALAR, DISSERTATSIYALAR

bilan tanishishingiz mumkin.
MAHALLIY va XALQARO manbalarni topishda yordam beruvchi MAXSUS XIZMATDAN ham foydalanishingiz mumkin.

Manbalarni topish xizmati uchun murojaat:
➡️ @Muhsinjonova_Shirinoy

Kanalga qo'shilish uchun havola:
➡️ @filologik_manbalar_kanali

Ilmiy izlanishlaringizda muvaffaqiyat tilaymiz!
https://www.tg-me.com/filologik_manbalar_kanali

Modal fe’l “could” ingliz tilida turli vaziyatlarda ishlatiladi va quyidagi asosiy ma’nolarni bildiradi:

1. Qobiliyat (Ability) – o‘tmishda yoki nazariy imkoniyat sifatida

“Could” – “can” fe’lining o‘tmish shakli bo‘lib, o‘tmishda nimanidir qila olish qobiliyatini bildiradi.
Tuzilishi: Subject + could + verb (base form)
Misollar:

When I was a child, I could swim very well. – Bolaligimda juda yaxshi suza olardim.

She could play the piano when she was five. – U besh yoshida pianino chalishni bilardi.

2. Nazariy imkoniyat (Possibility) – hozirgi yoki kelajakda ehtimol sifatida

Biror ish sodir bo‘lishi mumkinligini bildiradi (ancha ehtimol past).
Misollar:

It could rain later. – Keyin yomg‘ir yog‘ishi mumkin.

This could be the solution to our problem. – Bu bizning muammomizga yechim bo‘lishi mumkin.

3. Iltimos qilishda (Polite request)

“Can” dan ko‘ra muloyimroq so‘rov sifatida ishlatiladi.
Misollar:

Could you help me, please? – Menga yordam bera olasizmi?

Could I borrow your book? – Kitobingizni olib tursam bo‘ladimi?

4. Maslahat yoki taxmin bildirganda

“Might” bilan o‘xshash, ehtimoliy taxmin sifatida ishlatiladi.
Misollar:

You could ask your teacher for advice. – Siz o‘qituvchingizdan maslahat so‘rashingiz mumkin.

We could try a different route. – Boshqa yo‘lni sinab ko‘rishimiz mumkin.

5. O‘tmishda qilinmagan imkoniyat (Criticism / Regret) – “could have + past participle”

Biror ishni qilish mumkin bo‘lgan, lekin qilinmagan holatlarda ishlatiladi.
Misollar:

You could have called me. – Sen menga qo‘ng‘iroq qilishing mumkin edi (lekin qilmading).

They could have won the game, but they missed a chance. – Ular o‘yinda g‘alaba qozonishlari mumkin edi, lekin imkonni boy berishdi.

6. Inkor shakli: “could not / couldn’t”

“Could” ning inkor shakli “couldn’t” bo‘ladi.
Misollar:

I couldn’t sleep last night. – Kecha uxlay olmadim.

We couldn’t find the keys. – Kalitlarni topa olmadik.

Xulosa:

“Could” – juda moslashuvchan modal fe’l bo‘lib, o‘tmishdagi qobiliyat, nazariy imkoniyat, muloyim iltimos, ehtimol va qilinmagan imkoniyatlarni ifodalashda ishlatiladi.

Like 👍 | Share 🤝

👉@noldan_ingliz_tili

Like 👍 | Share 🤝

👉@noldan_ingliz_tili

#collocations
Topic: Food (Oziq-ovqat)
1. balanced diet – muvozanatli ovqatlanish
2. junk food – nosog‘lom tez tayyor taom
3. home-cooked meal – uyda pishirilgan ovqat
4. traditional cuisine – milliy taomlar
5. fast food outlet – tez tayyor ovqat shahobchasi

Like 👍 | Share 🤝

👉@noldan_ingliz_tili

Like 👍 | Share 🤝

👉@noldan_ingliz_tili

#collocations
Topic: Shopping (Xarid)
• go shopping – xaridga chiqmoq
• window shopping – ko‘z yugurtirib chiqmoq (sotib olmay)
• shopping mall – savdo markazi
• online shopping – internet orqali xarid qilish
• make a purchase – xarid qilmoq

Like 👍 | Share 🤝

👉@noldan_ingliz_tili

Like 👍 | Share 🤝

👉@noldan_ingliz_tili