اللهم انصر فلسطين وأهلها 🇵🇸

اللهم أهلنا في غزة

#Israel_against_humanity
#stopinvasion
New scenes documenting the massacre of hundreds of martyrs and wounded in the courtyard of the National Arab Hospital in Gaza after the Israeli occupation aircraft bombed the hospital. It is noteworthy that the hospital contained thousands of displaced people after the occupation asked them to evacuate their homes. 🇵🇸... This is the real Holocaust.”

If you are a human being, come out now to denounce the massacre committed by the Israeli occupation against the Al-Ahly Arab Hospital in Gaza, which resulted in the death and injury of hundreds of civilians. .

Free palastine 🇵🇸

همُ الأحرارُ ونحنُ الأسرىٰ، همُ الأعزاءُ ونحنُ الأذلَّاء، نحنُ مَن يحتاجُ إلىٰ مِنهاج تربيتِهم ونصرتِهم وعزتِهم وتقواهُم وصبرهِم وبأسِهم وإيمانِهم، نحنُ المَغلوبون العَاجزون المكبَّلون النائِحون، وهمُ المناضِلون الصَّامدون الثابتُون علىٰ الحقِّ والدِّين والأرضِ ولَو تكالبَ العالمُ بأسرهِ عليهِم، إنمَا نحَاول اللحاقَ بركبهِم لعلَّ يصِيبنا مِنهم بَعض الشجاعةِ والعزةِ والمَجد. 🤍

- لِقائله.

جـــدول مقارنه بين ڪل ٲنـــواع النقل اللي شرحناها😊

💢مفاجأة كبرى و اشتراك مجاني
لشرح الطب بطريقه جديده وسهله وغير ممله
قناة مهتمه بالطب الباطني وطب الأطفال
❕عندك خوف من أسئلة الشفوي
❕مش قادر ترتب معلومات النظري
❔ حالات و MCQ
كل ما عليك الاشتراك
@easymedicine7

قناه شرح نظري كامل فيسيولوجي دكتور محمد فايز (اشترك الان حتي يصل لك كل جديد ان شاء الله)

https://youtube.com/@DrMohamedFayez?si=_XmfPrvmM5eEtwHI

I. Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
■ is a set of pathways to and from the central nervous system (CNS) that innervates and regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.
■ is distinct from the somatic nervous system, which innervates skeletal muscle.
■ has three divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric .
A. Organization of the ANS :
1. Synapses between neurons are made in the autonomic ganglia.
a. Parasympathetic ganglia are located in or near the effector organs.
b. Sympathetic ganglia are located in the paravertebral chain.
2. Preganglionic neurons have their cell bodies in the CNS and synapse in autonomic
ganglia.
■ Preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system originate in spinal cord seg-
ments T1–L3 or the thoracolumbar region.
■ Preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system originate in the nuclei of
cranial nerves and in spinal cord segments S2–S4 or the craniosacral region.
3. Postganglionic neurons of both divisions have their cell bodies in the autonomic ganglia
and synapse on effector organs (e.g., heart, blood vessels, sweat glands).
4. Adrenal medulla is a specialized ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system.
■ Preganglionic fibers synapse directly on chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla.
■ The chromaffin cells secrete epinephrine (80%) and norepinephrine (20%) into the cir-
culation .
■ Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal medulla that secretes excessive amounts
of catecholamines and is associated with increased excretion of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-
mandelic acid (VMA).

B. Neurotransmitters of the ANS
■ Adrenergic neurons release norepinephrine as the neurotransmitter.
■ Cholinergic neurons, whether in the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system,
release acetylcholine (ACh) as the neurotransmitter.
■ Nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurons include some postganglionic parasympathetic neurons of the gastrointestinal tract, which release substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide
(VIP), or nitric oxide (NO).