✨CITES turns 50 today

☑️Introduction:

The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) aims to ensure that international trade in wild animals and plants does not threaten their survival.
India, a signatory since 1976, aligns CITES mandates with its domestic laws, making it a key tool in India’s biodiversity governance.

☑️How CITES Complements India’s Legal Framework:
👉Legal Backing:
Species listed under CITES Appendices are protected under Schedules I–IV of the Wildlife Protection Act.
👉Trade Regulation:
CITES helps India monitor and control trade in species like red sanders, star tortoises, and pangolins through permits and certificates.
👉Institutional Mechanism:
The Directorate of Wildlife Preservation acts as the CITES Management Authority in India.
👉Customs and Enforcement Coordination:
Strengthens collaboration between Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB) and customs for detecting illegal wildlife trade.
👉Ecological :
Helps protect critical species like red sanders, pangolins, and seahorses from global trade pressures.
👉Diplomatic :
Enhances India’s global environmental image and cooperation in transboundary conservation efforts.

☑️Implementation Gaps :
👉National level :
– Fragmented inter-agency coordination
– Limited staff and forensic capability in WCCB
– Insufficient digital tracking and monitoring systems

👉State level :
– Under-resourced forest departments
– Lack of awareness/training among customs and police
– Non-uniform implementation due to asymmetric federal capacities

👉Socio-economic :
– Local communities often unaware of species protection laws
– Livelihood loss due to bans without compensation (e.g., artisans using shahtoosh or ivory substitutes) |

👉Technological :
– Absence of real-time wildlife crime databases and automated tracking of CITES permits

☑️Conclusion:

While CITES strengthens India’s legislative and enforcement framework, effective implementation demands a coordinated, tech-driven, and community-inclusive approach. Strengthening institutional capacity and harmonizing state-centre efforts is essential to truly operationalize the spirit of CITES in India.

🔗Link between
Agriculture and Public Health

®️ Regulatory Framework for
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Gujarat launches India’s first tribal genome project to tackle inherited diseases - https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/gujarat-launches-indias-first-tribal-genome-project-to-tackle-inherited-diseases/article69819673.ece For the best experience read this on The Hindu App. https://bit.ly/THNewsApp

Read: Simpler, safer: Why spacecraft prefer splashdowns over landing on ground
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-sci-tech/simpler-safer-why-spacecraft-prefer-splashdowns-over-landing-on-ground-10128934/

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Vice President and ex-officio Chairman of Rajya Sabha, Jagdeep Dhankhar resigns as the Vice President of India

SDG Goals | States that spend wisely, rise steadily https://share.google/kMotYs8sRvsWxGuKX

☑️PRELIMS FACT BOOSTER

✨what is Cloudburst ?

👉A cloudburst is an extreme amount of rainfall in a short period of time, usually over a small area, leading to flash floods and landslides, especially in hilly or mountainous regions.

👉It is a sudden and very intense rainfall event, typically:
•More than 100 mm (10 cm) of rain in less than an hour
•Over a localized area (e.g., a few square kilometers)
•Often accompanied by thunderstorms and strong winds

👉Common in:
•Himalayan states: Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Ladakh
•Western Ghats
•Northeast India

👉How Does It Happen?
1.Warm moist air rises rapidly due to convection.
2.It meets colder air in the upper atmosphere.
3.The moisture condenses very quickly, forming cumulonimbus clouds.
4.These clouds fail to move due to wind pattern stagnation.
5.The trapped moisture dumps all at once in one area = Cloudburst.

👉Effects of Cloudburst
•Flash floods
•Landslides
•Soil erosion
•Destruction of roads, bridges, houses
•Loss of life and property

👉Is Cloudburst a Meteorological Term?

Yes, but IMD (India Meteorological Department) doesn’t use “cloudburst” as a formal forecasting category due to:
•Suddenness
•Small spatial scale
•Lack of predictability

👉Mitigation & Preparedness
•Early warning systems
•Disaster-resilient infrastructure
•Weather forecasting advancements
•Community awareness & evacuation drills

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☑️ Mains Q. on Basic Structure and it’s global significance

Q. Analyse the global significance of the Basic Structure doctrine in comparison with constitutional practices in other countries.

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✨Solution :

Introduction :
The Basic Structure doctrine, evolved in Kesavananda Bharati case, holds that Parliament can amend the Constitution but cannot alter its fundamental identity—features such as supremacy of the Constitution, democracy, rule of law, separation of powers, and fundamental rights. It acts as a substantive check on constitutional amendments even in the absence of explicit textual limits.

Global significance:
• Serves as a judicial safeguard against majoritarian erosion of constitutional values, relevant to democracies facing institutional fragility.
• Provides a model of constitutional “self-defence” that has influenced courts in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Uganda.
• Demonstrates how judicial innovation can protect unenumerated core principles, even without a formal eternity clause.

Comparative perspective:
• Germany: Explicit “eternity clause” (Art. 79(3) Basic Law) entrenches democracy, federalism, and human dignity; Constitutional Court enforces limits.
• USA: Rigid amendment process under Art. V, but no judicial review of amendments; political process safeguards core values.
• UK: Parliamentary sovereignty—no entrenched limits; constitutional changes made via ordinary law.
• South Africa: Entrenched provisions with supermajority and referendum requirements; Constitutional Court ensures compliance.

Strengths & concerns:
The Indian model offers flexibility and adaptability but invites criticism of judicial overreach and uncertainty in defining “basic structure.”

Conclusion:
Globally, India’s doctrine illustrates a court-led mechanism for constitutional preservation, contrasting with textual entrenchment or political safeguards elsewhere. It underscores that in vulnerable democracies, substantive limits—whether textual or judicial—are vital to protect constitutional identity.

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👉 Daily 10 Q&A according to the schedule (DM For Schedule)

👉 Total 500 Q&A in weekdays

👉 Total 200 Q&A in 10 Sectional Tests

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👉 12 Essays

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Modern History Trivia for Prelims

✨Dr Sachchidananda Sinha(first Provisional President of the Indian Constituent Assembly) himself wanted a separate province of bihar (1912), then why he protested against the Bengal Partition (1905) and took part in Swadeshi Movement ?

👉The apparent contradiction can be resolved if we see the different contexts and motivations behind these two positions:

✨Click here for the answer :-

https://x.com/upscwithcsr/status/1957084498174390371?s=46

☑️ Essay Paper Mains 2025

GS 1 UPSC Mains 2025