Magnetars facts
If a magnetar flew past Earth within 100,000 miles or 160,934.4 kilometre, its ultra-magnetic field would destroy the data on every credit card.
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If a magnetar flew past Earth within 100,000 miles or 160,934.4 kilometre, its ultra-magnetic field would destroy the data on every credit card.
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Magnetar: The strongest 🧲 in the universe
Introduction to Magnetar
Magnetar is a type of neutron star with a magnetic field thousand times stronger than normal neutron star and pulsar, it is believed that magnetar have an extremely powerful magnetic field making it impossible for any sort of life to exist in it vicinity. For example if you are 1000 mile away formal magnetar the magnetic field will disturb your molecular structure. As of 2010, they are the most powerful magnetic objects detected throughout the universe.
History
The theory regarding these objects was proposed in 1992 by Robert Duncan and Christopher Thompson. The theory was subsequently developed by Bohdan Paczyński and by its proposers. When a neutron start is forming it can have a crack on it crust like tectonic plates on earth. This is called a start quake similar to earth quake but on stars.
As this happens, the magnetar release a blast of radiation that can be detected from a thousand light years away. This theory explained a burst of gamma rays from the Large Magellanic Cloud that had been detected on March 5, 1979, and other less bright bursts from within our galaxy.
Formation
Like any neutron star magnetar are formed from the collapsed red giant star 100 times bigger than the sun through a process called supernova. What left is a neutron star 20 km wide and made of entirely neutron. In a supernova, a star collapses to a neutron star, and its magnetic field increases dramatically in strength through conservation of magnetic flux. Halving a linear dimension like the size of the object increases the magnetic field fourfold.
When star collapse to become a neutron star it size will decrease or shrink. A red giant stars have a radius 1000 times the sun, but according to some observation it estimated that red giants have a diameter from 100 million to 1 billion kilometre, and when they become a neutron start they will have a diameter of about 20 km. from this observation we can observe that there is a large gap in size and from the previous statement "Halving a linear dimension like the size of the object increases the magnetic field fourfold" and size difference is one factor for the high magnetic field strength.
Duncan and Thompson calculated that when the spin, temperature and magnetic field of a newly formed neutron star falls into the right ranges, a dynamo mechanism could act, converting heat and rotational energy into magnetic energy and increasing the magnetic field, normally an already enormous 10^8 teslas, to more than 10^11 teslas (or 10^15 gauss). The result is a magnetar.
Recent discovery
A new discovery could soon be raising the total number of confirmed magnetars to 25.
On 3 June, a brief X-ray burst close to the galactic plane caught the attention of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). Follow-up observation and analysis seem to confirm that it was emitted by a previously unknown magnetar, now named Swift J1555.2-5402.
More on Neutron star:
• Neutron star: part one
• Neutron star: part two
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Introduction to Magnetar
Magnetar is a type of neutron star with a magnetic field thousand times stronger than normal neutron star and pulsar, it is believed that magnetar have an extremely powerful magnetic field making it impossible for any sort of life to exist in it vicinity. For example if you are 1000 mile away formal magnetar the magnetic field will disturb your molecular structure. As of 2010, they are the most powerful magnetic objects detected throughout the universe.
History
The theory regarding these objects was proposed in 1992 by Robert Duncan and Christopher Thompson. The theory was subsequently developed by Bohdan Paczyński and by its proposers. When a neutron start is forming it can have a crack on it crust like tectonic plates on earth. This is called a start quake similar to earth quake but on stars.
As this happens, the magnetar release a blast of radiation that can be detected from a thousand light years away. This theory explained a burst of gamma rays from the Large Magellanic Cloud that had been detected on March 5, 1979, and other less bright bursts from within our galaxy.
Formation
Like any neutron star magnetar are formed from the collapsed red giant star 100 times bigger than the sun through a process called supernova. What left is a neutron star 20 km wide and made of entirely neutron. In a supernova, a star collapses to a neutron star, and its magnetic field increases dramatically in strength through conservation of magnetic flux. Halving a linear dimension like the size of the object increases the magnetic field fourfold.
When star collapse to become a neutron star it size will decrease or shrink. A red giant stars have a radius 1000 times the sun, but according to some observation it estimated that red giants have a diameter from 100 million to 1 billion kilometre, and when they become a neutron start they will have a diameter of about 20 km. from this observation we can observe that there is a large gap in size and from the previous statement "Halving a linear dimension like the size of the object increases the magnetic field fourfold" and size difference is one factor for the high magnetic field strength.
Duncan and Thompson calculated that when the spin, temperature and magnetic field of a newly formed neutron star falls into the right ranges, a dynamo mechanism could act, converting heat and rotational energy into magnetic energy and increasing the magnetic field, normally an already enormous 10^8 teslas, to more than 10^11 teslas (or 10^15 gauss). The result is a magnetar.
Recent discovery
A new discovery could soon be raising the total number of confirmed magnetars to 25.
On 3 June, a brief X-ray burst close to the galactic plane caught the attention of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). Follow-up observation and analysis seem to confirm that it was emitted by a previously unknown magnetar, now named Swift J1555.2-5402.
More on Neutron star:
• Neutron star: part one
• Neutron star: part two
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Astronomers May Have Just Detected a New Magnetar!
A new discovery could soon be raising the total number of confirmed magnetars to 25.
On 3 June, a brief X-ray burst close to the galactic plane caught the attention of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). Follow-up observation and analysis seem to confirm that it was emitted by a previously unknown magnetar, now named Swift
Source: @EverythingScience
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A new discovery could soon be raising the total number of confirmed magnetars to 25.
On 3 June, a brief X-ray burst close to the galactic plane caught the attention of the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT). Follow-up observation and analysis seem to confirm that it was emitted by a previously unknown magnetar, now named Swift
J1555.2-5402...Source: @EverythingScience
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ScienceAlert
Astronomers May Have Just Detected a New Magnetar!
A new discovery could soon be raising the total number of confirmed magnetars to 25.
The dynamo mechanism
The dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field. The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales. A dynamo is thought to be the source of the Earth's magnetic field and the magnetic fields of Mercury, the Jovian planets and stars.
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The dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field. The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales. A dynamo is thought to be the source of the Earth's magnetic field and the magnetic fields of Mercury, the Jovian planets and stars.
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👉 @scienceQM
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Pulsar
A pulsar is a type of neutron star and highly magnetized rotating compact star that emits beams of electromagnetic radiation out of its magnetic poles.
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A pulsar is a type of neutron star and highly magnetized rotating compact star that emits beams of electromagnetic radiation out of its magnetic poles.
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Schwarzchild radius
Anything can become a black hole if it's radius cross the Schwarzschild radius. Schwarzschild radius, also called gravitational radius, is the radius below which the gravitational attraction between the particles of a body must cause it to undergo irreversible gravitational collapse. Resulting a black hole
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Anything can become a black hole if it's radius cross the Schwarzschild radius. Schwarzschild radius, also called gravitational radius, is the radius below which the gravitational attraction between the particles of a body must cause it to undergo irreversible gravitational collapse. Resulting a black hole
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Quantum foam: Is vacuum empty? ✨
Quantum physics says that there is no empty space or a vacuum. Rather, it’s full of energy and brimming with matter and antimatter. In it, random particles pop in and out of existence due to that energy. The particles are made of matter and antimatter, and they appear, touch and explode and disappear all in a billionth of a second.
In general vacuum is not empty although it seems empty on macroscopic scale, it is filled with virtual particles that appear and disappear constantly on the quantum scale or microscopic scale.
More on vacuum:👇
• Vacuum: Empty but a busy place
• Vacuum: A Better Definition
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Quantum physics says that there is no empty space or a vacuum. Rather, it’s full of energy and brimming with matter and antimatter. In it, random particles pop in and out of existence due to that energy. The particles are made of matter and antimatter, and they appear, touch and explode and disappear all in a billionth of a second.
In general vacuum is not empty although it seems empty on macroscopic scale, it is filled with virtual particles that appear and disappear constantly on the quantum scale or microscopic scale.
More on vacuum:👇
• Vacuum: Empty but a busy place
• Vacuum: A Better Definition
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Solar-Maximum
The magnetic pole of the Sun switch places every eleven years in a cycle called Solar max or solar maximum. At the height of this cycle or solar maximum, the Sun's magnetic poles flip. Along the way, changes in the Sun's magnetism produce a greater number of sunspots, more energy and cause solar eruptions of particles
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The magnetic pole of the Sun switch places every eleven years in a cycle called Solar max or solar maximum. At the height of this cycle or solar maximum, the Sun's magnetic poles flip. Along the way, changes in the Sun's magnetism produce a greater number of sunspots, more energy and cause solar eruptions of particles
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Effect of the Moon 🌘
When the Moon is directly overhead, you weight slightly less than you do other time, because of the effect of its gravity.
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When the Moon is directly overhead, you weight slightly less than you do other time, because of the effect of its gravity.
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Sun Light ☀️
It takes a photon up to 40,000 years to travel from the core of the sun to its surface because photon collides with other atoms in it journey to the surface of the sun, but only 8 minutes to travel the rest of the way to Earth.
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It takes a photon up to 40,000 years to travel from the core of the sun to its surface because photon collides with other atoms in it journey to the surface of the sun, but only 8 minutes to travel the rest of the way to Earth.
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Electromagnetic force and Quantum ElectroDynamics (QED)
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Electromagnetic force: QED
Electromagnetic force is the unification of/ the merging of electrostatic force⚡️with magnetic force 🧲. Both are related to one another because of there is electricity there will be a magnetic field around it, and vice versa.
But how?
• If a current flow through a wire it will create a magnetic field. And we can detect this by puting a compass near a wire(with electricity flowing through it).
• A moving magnet near a wire will create an induced current (electricity) by making the electrons inside a wire move. And this why electricity and magnetism are related to each other.
In 1800s physicist James Clerk Maxwell unify the two concepts( electricity and magnetism) in to one theory named electromagnetism, the combination of the two forces create an electromagnetic wave which move through space as wave and at the speed of light (3×10⁸ m/s), light is a form of electromagnetic wave.
In the mid 20th century, this force was quantified and the theory was able to describe the behavior of electromagnetic waves at quantum scale, this theory is named quantum electrodynamics. Which state that electromagnetic force is the result of the exchange of light particle or photon between two charged particle.
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Electromagnetic force is the unification of/ the merging of electrostatic force⚡️with magnetic force 🧲. Both are related to one another because of there is electricity there will be a magnetic field around it, and vice versa.
But how?
• If a current flow through a wire it will create a magnetic field. And we can detect this by puting a compass near a wire(with electricity flowing through it).
• A moving magnet near a wire will create an induced current (electricity) by making the electrons inside a wire move. And this why electricity and magnetism are related to each other.
In 1800s physicist James Clerk Maxwell unify the two concepts( electricity and magnetism) in to one theory named electromagnetism, the combination of the two forces create an electromagnetic wave which move through space as wave and at the speed of light (3×10⁸ m/s), light is a form of electromagnetic wave.
In the mid 20th century, this force was quantified and the theory was able to describe the behavior of electromagnetic waves at quantum scale, this theory is named quantum electrodynamics. Which state that electromagnetic force is the result of the exchange of light particle or photon between two charged particle.
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👉 @scienceQM
Quantum electrodynamics
QED, quantum field theory of the interactions of charged particles with the electromagnetic field. It describes mathematically not only all interactions of light with matter but also those of charged particles with one another.
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QED, quantum field theory of the interactions of charged particles with the electromagnetic field. It describes mathematically not only all interactions of light with matter but also those of charged particles with one another.
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👉 @scienceQM
Baby Boom: The most active star making galaxy
Galaxy is sprawling system of dust, gas, dark matter, planet and stars bound together by gravitational attraction. Each galaxy differ from each other it can be size difference, shape or their rate of star formation.
• Star formation rate ✨
For now we will focus on star formation rate of galaxies.
Star formation is a process by which a molecular cloud in interstellar space also called “stellar nurseries”, become so dense that it collapses creating a star. Star formation rate is how much star are produced in a year or in a certain period of time (but in this case star formation rate is the rate of star formation per year).
Baby Boom Galaxy
Some galaxies have a higher star formation rate compared to other galaxy. Galaxies that undergo an exponentially high rate of star formation are called Star-Burst Galaxy. Most of star-burst galaxies are believed to be the result of two galaxies collision, the collision might cause the gas to become denser and more compress increasing the rate of star formation.
The most active star making galaxy is the galaxy nicknamed “Baby Boom Galaxy (BBG)”, the galaxy churning out an average of up to 4,000 stars per year, more than 100 times the number of stars produced in our own Milky Way galaxy per year. It was spotted 12.3 billion light-years away by a suite of telescopes, including NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.
It is believed that the BBG is formed due to the collision of two galaxies. As the galaxies smash together, gas becomes compressed, triggering the birth of stars.
"This galaxy is undergoing a major baby boom, producing most of its stars all at once," said Peter Capak of NASA's Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology. "If our human population was produced in a similar boom, then almost all of the people alive today would be the same age."
To that, the principal investigator of the Cosmic Evolution Surveyor, Nick Scoville of Caltech responded: "We may be witnessing, for the first time, the formation of one of the most massive elliptical galaxies in the universe."
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Galaxy is sprawling system of dust, gas, dark matter, planet and stars bound together by gravitational attraction. Each galaxy differ from each other it can be size difference, shape or their rate of star formation.
• Star formation rate ✨
For now we will focus on star formation rate of galaxies.
Star formation is a process by which a molecular cloud in interstellar space also called “stellar nurseries”, become so dense that it collapses creating a star. Star formation rate is how much star are produced in a year or in a certain period of time (but in this case star formation rate is the rate of star formation per year).
Baby Boom Galaxy
Some galaxies have a higher star formation rate compared to other galaxy. Galaxies that undergo an exponentially high rate of star formation are called Star-Burst Galaxy. Most of star-burst galaxies are believed to be the result of two galaxies collision, the collision might cause the gas to become denser and more compress increasing the rate of star formation.
The most active star making galaxy is the galaxy nicknamed “Baby Boom Galaxy (BBG)”, the galaxy churning out an average of up to 4,000 stars per year, more than 100 times the number of stars produced in our own Milky Way galaxy per year. It was spotted 12.3 billion light-years away by a suite of telescopes, including NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope.
It is believed that the BBG is formed due to the collision of two galaxies. As the galaxies smash together, gas becomes compressed, triggering the birth of stars.
"This galaxy is undergoing a major baby boom, producing most of its stars all at once," said Peter Capak of NASA's Spitzer Science Center at the California Institute of Technology. "If our human population was produced in a similar boom, then almost all of the people alive today would be the same age."
To that, the principal investigator of the Cosmic Evolution Surveyor, Nick Scoville of Caltech responded: "We may be witnessing, for the first time, the formation of one of the most massive elliptical galaxies in the universe."
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Molecular cloud ☁️
Molecular cloud is an interstellar cloud of gas and dust in which molecules can form, the most common of which is hydrogen (H2).
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Molecular cloud is an interstellar cloud of gas and dust in which molecules can form, the most common of which is hydrogen (H2).
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What causes molecular clouds to collapse?
Stars ✨ form in cold, dense regions of space called molecular clouds. When the force of gravity pulling in on the cloud is greater than the strength of internal pressure pushing out, the cloud collapses into a protostar. Generally what cause the molecular cloud collapse is the gravitational attraction between the molecule.
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Stars ✨ form in cold, dense regions of space called molecular clouds. When the force of gravity pulling in on the cloud is greater than the strength of internal pressure pushing out, the cloud collapses into a protostar. Generally what cause the molecular cloud collapse is the gravitational attraction between the molecule.
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NASA Live: Launch of James Webb
The Webb space telescope will launch on an Ariane 5 rocket from the Guiana Space Center in Kourou, French Guiana at 12 20 GMT.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21X5lGlDOfg
The Webb space telescope will launch on an Ariane 5 rocket from the Guiana Space Center in Kourou, French Guiana at 12 20 GMT.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=21X5lGlDOfg
YouTube
NASA Live: Official Stream of NASA TV
Direct from America's space program to YouTube, watch NASA TV live streaming here to get the latest from our exploration of the universe and learn how we discover our home planet.
NASA TV airs a variety of regularly scheduled, pre-recorded educational and…
NASA TV airs a variety of regularly scheduled, pre-recorded educational and…