Correct Answer-B Ans. is `b'i.e., Nicotine and carbon monoxide and tar Mechanisms for smoking-induced Coronary heart disease Carbon monoxide induces atherogenesis. Nicotine stimulation of adrenergic drive raising both BP and myocardial oxygen demand. Lipid metabolism with fall in protective high-density lipoproteins. Note .. Tar associated with carcinogenesis (not atherosclerosis). But S! amongst the given options option b is the best answer as it consists of both nicotine and CO

Correct Answer -C Ans. is 'c' i.e., Most commonly involved artery is abdominal aorta It is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in adults,is an acute and chronic, often granulomatous, inflammation of arteries of large to small size It affects principally the arteries in the head-especially the temporal arteries- but also the vertebral and ophthalmic arteries and the aorta, where it may cause thoracic aortic aneurysm

Correct Answer- A Ans. is'd' i.e., All of the above Coxa vera • Coxa vera refers to reduced angle between the neck and shaft of the femur. • Coxa vera may be congenital or acquired. 1. Congenital (developmental / Infantile) coxa vera .. This is coxa vara resulting from some unknown growth anomaly at the upper femoral epiphysis. • It is noticed as a painless limp in a child who has just started walking 3. In severe cases, shortening of the leg may be obvious On examination, abduction and internal rotation of the hip are limited and the leg is short. X -rays will show a reduction in neck - shaft angle ). s. The epiphyseal plate may be too vertical. 7 There may be a separate triangle of bone in the inferior portion of the metaphysis, called Fairbank's triangle. 3. Treatment is by a subtrochanteric corrective osteotomy. 2. Aquired coxa - vera • Aquired coxa-vera is seen in '. SCFE (slipped capital femoral epiphysis) Sequelae of avascular necrosis of femoral epiphysis
• Legg-Calve Perthe's disease • Femoral neck fracture • Traumatic hip dislocation • Post reduction of CDH • Septic necrosis • Associated with pathological bone disorders Osteogenesis imperfecta Fibrous dysplasia