Correct Answer- A Ans. is 'a' i.e., Cong-Bicuspid aortic valve Aortic stenosis causes pressure overload that results in concentric hypertrophy. o Congenital bicuspic aortic valve causes valvular aortic stenosis.

Correct Answer -C Ans. is 'c' i.e., Waviness of fibers • Variable waviness of fibres at border is the earliest histological finding (see tables of previous explanation)

Correct Answer - B Ans.is `b'i.e., Nicotine and carbon monoxide and tar Mechanisms for smoking-induced Coronary heart disease Carbon monoxide induces atherogenesis. Nicotine stimulation of adrenergic drive raising both BP and myocardial oxygen demand. Lipid metabolism with fall in protective high-density lipoproteins. Note .. Tar is associated with carcinogenesis (not atherosclerosis). But amongst the given options option b is the best answer as it consists of both nicotine and CO