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#synomyniser
Всем привет! Согласен, подзатянул. Исправляюсь.

На этот раз у меня для вас английские синонимы со значением русского слова "суть". Их не так уж много, но все они весьма хороши в речи, поэтому их не помешает знать.

🔸gist – the main part of something written or said without details
▫️What is the gist of this story?
▫️The researcher formulated the gist of her research in an article she wrote for an academic journal.
▫️What is the gist of your argument?

🔸substance – the subject matter of a speech or text
▫️The substance of this research is in historic correlation between the adaptive qualities of microorganisms and the changes in the Earth's atmosphere.
▫️Many tried to understand the substance of the message, but only few came to understand it.

🔸tenor – the general meaning, the main idea
▫️In loyalty to the tenor of his life for forty years and more, ever since he married and founded that mysterious thing, a family, came this warning thought - - None of his blood, no right to anything! (John Galsworthy – The Forsyte Saga)

🔸essence – the most important part of something
▫️The essence of the difference of a human being from other living beings is in its new mental formations, for example, consciousness.
▫️The essence of this plan is to control the machine's engine temperature by using a coolant.
#language_advice
Idiomaticity Creates Authenticity

To define idiomaticity, I would like to borrow the definition I came up with quite a while ago. Idiomaticity is the conventional use of words in form and order within expressions the meaning of which is rather determined by history and language tradition than by grammar and lexical meaning of the words in them. Thus, idiomaticity embraces not only idioms but also set expressions.

In their writing and speaking, English native speakers rely largely on set and idiomatic expressions. They are more frequent in spoken English and appear more or less in all styles of speech probably accept the frozen. So, for those who want to master English and be able to use it or at a near-native level it is imperative to learn idiomatic and set expressions.

This knowledge is important not only for expressing yourself eloquently but also for understanding your interlocutor. This is especially the case with well-educated native speakers whose word-stock exceeds 30,000 words, and whose knowledge of idiomatic English is impressive.

To learn idioms thoroughly, you may go different ways, and they may be more or less productive depending on your present mastery of the language. And it certainly takes a substantial amount of patience and persistence.

One option is to read fiction novels, especially more classic ones. The dialogues in them contain quite many idiomatic expressions. Another is to learn idiomatic expressions on purpose. To do this, it will be best to move from word to word to memorise set expressions and idioms containing one similar word to make the memorisation process more consistent. To make it more efficient, you can write them down in a notebook: the writing will make them imprint better in your memory, and you will be able to refresh them in your memory after a time.
#vocabulary_builder #travel
At the Airport

Продолжаю расширять ваш и собственный словарный запас лексикой о путешествиях. В этом посте лексика, связанная с аэропортами. Ушло порядка 8 часов на сбор слов для этого поста, поэтому так долго его готовил.

Infrastructure:
🔹terminal – здание аэропорта, терминал
🔹check-in kiosk – регистрационный киоск
🔹check-in desk/counter – стойка регистрации пассажиров
🔹baggage drop-off – отделение приёма багажа
🔹cargo terminal – грузовой терминал
🔹departure gate – выход на посадку
🔹pre-boarding zone – зона посадки на самолёт для людей с ограничениями
🔹security barrier – барьер безопасности
🔹security lane – дорожка проверки безопасности
🔹express security lane – дорожка быстрой проверки безопасности
🔹backscatter X-ray machine – рентгеновский аппарат обратного сканирования
🔹departure board – доска информации о вылете
🔹landside – общая зона
🔹airside – чистая зона
🔹jet bridge – телетрап
🔹runway/tarmac – взлётно-посадочная полоса

Belonings:
🔹luggage – багаж
🔹hold luggage – сдаваемый багаж
🔹excess luggage – излишек массы багажа
🔹carry-on – ручная кладь

Personnel:
🔹luggage (baggage) handler – оператор по обработке багажа
🔹screener – оператор досмотра

Procedures and legalities:
🔹check-in – регистрация
🔹curbside check-in – регистрация перед входом в здание аэропорта
🔹check-through – сквозная регистрация
🔹security check – досмотр
🔹body screening – сканирование тела
🔹boarding – посадка на самолёт
🔹boarding time – время посадки
🔹final/last call – предупреждение об окончании посадки
🔹self-service bag drop – оставление багажа
🔹baggage/luggage allowance – норма провоза багажа
🔹flight ticket – билет на самолёт
🔹boarding pass – пропуск на посадку
#original_high_speech

I have started reading Three Men in a Boat by Jerome K. Jerome. And in it I suprisingly came across an extract written in extremely poetic language, describing the beauties of camping out and sailing down a river in a boat. And I want to quote it here.

A supportive glossary is provided for you to read it faster with better understanding.

Supportive glossary:
🔸moorhen – куропатка
🔸corncrake – коростель
🔸sombre – тёмный, мрачный
🔸nook – уголок
🔸frugal – скудный
🔸to prattle – лепетать
🔸to nestle – гнездиться
🔸bosom – лоно, грудь
🔸to lull – убаюкивать
🔸ere – до того как
🔸fret – волнение
🔸to furrow – взбороздить
🔸folly – глупость
🔸to nurse – ухаживать
🔸wile – уловка
🔸to lure – привлечь, завлечь
🔸sneer – ухмылка, насмешка
🔸artificiality – искуственность
🔸stately – статный

Slowly the golden memory of the dead sun fades from the hearts of the cold, sad clouds. Silent, like sorrowing children, the birds have ceased their song, and only the moorhens' plaintive cry and the harsh croak of the corncrake stirs the awed hush around the couch of waters, where the dying day breathes out her last.

From the dim woods on either bank, Night's ghostly army, the grey shadows, creep out with noiseless tread to chase away the lingering rear-guard of the light, and pass, with noiseless, unseen feet, above the waving river-grass, and through the sighing rushes; and Night, upon her sombre throne, folds her black wings above the darkening world, and, from her phantom palace, lit by the pale stars, reigns in stillness.

Then we run our little boat into some quiet nook, and the tent is pitched, and the frugal supper cooked and eaten. Then the big pipes are filled and lighted, and the pleasant chat goes round in musical undertone; while, in the pauses of our talk, the river, playing round the boat, prattles strange old tales and secrets, sings low the old child’s song that it has sung so many thousand years – will sing so many thousand years to come, before its voice grows harsh and old a song that we, who have learnt to love its changing face, who have so often nestled on its yielding bosom, think, somehow, we understand, though we could not tell you in mere words the story that we listen to.

And we sit there, by its margin, while the moon, who loves it too, stoops down to kiss it with a sister's kiss, and throws her silver arms around it clingingly; and we watch it as it flows, ever singing, ever whispering, out to meet its king, the sea – till our voices die away in silence, and the pipes go out till we, common-place, everyday young men enough, feel strangely full of thoughts, half sad, half sweet, and do not care or want to speak till we laugh, and, rising, knock the ashes from our burnt-out pipes, and say "Good-night," and, lulled by the lapping water and the rustling trees, we fall asleep beneath the great, still stars, and dream that the world is young again – young and sweet as she used to be ere the centuries of fret and care had furrowed her fair face, ere her children sins and follies had made old her loving heart sweet as she was in those bygone days when, a new-made mother, she nursed us, her children, upon her own deep breast ere the wiles of painted civilization had lured us away from her fond arms, and the poisoned sneers of artificiality had made us ashamed of the simple life we led with her, and the simple, stately home where mankind was born so many thousands [thousand – my note] years ago.
#synonymiser
Всем привет! На очереди у нас слова со значением "набег" и "вторжение". Нашёл всего пару таких, чтоб не было ухода от целевой семантики. Из них, прежде всего, слово "invasion" может использоваться в переносном значении.

🔸invasion – a planned military intrusion in foreign soils
▫️The inland invasion was thoroughly planned.
▫️The invasion of the Army was preceded by an air assault on the enemy's strategic objects.
▫️For the bereaved, this part of the procedure is yet another invasion into their privacy. (The Guardian)

🔸raid – a short and sudden attack often implemented by a small group of people
▫️But in those days they sometimes used to go on raids, especially to get food or slaves to work for them. (John R. R. Tolkien – The Hobbit)
▫️The Hungarians, who by 892 had made raids in Great Moravia, left their lands in the Pontic steppe and invaded the Carpathian Basin around 895. (Wikipedia)
▫️Israeli also carried out raids in Tulkrem, where no arrests or injuries were reported. (The New York Times)
#heed_and_hear
Hello, excellent followers of this channel! Here I am with another listening piece from BBC Radio 4 for you. It is another episode of 'One to One' and the first one from the two about idling (I previously did the second one with Tim Parks).

In this episode, Verity Sharp talks to Josh Cohen – a psychoanalyst and professional of modern literature theory. He recollects episodes from his life that demonstrate his views about time and idleness. He also tells about the benefits of idleness for oneself and how to learn to start to enjoy your own idleness and having time for yourself in which you do nothing that has a goal. He says that one of the benefits of it is becoming more open your your inner impulses of creativity.

Josh has an intricate trait in his pronunciation: he rather often replaces the /l/ sound with the /d/ one as in the words appealing and wilier. He also inserts the /g/ sound in the third syllable of the word variation, which I find to be the intended word because the word variegation makes no sense there. With this said and my glossary, I believe it will pose little trouble for you to understand to the talk well.

Please have an enjoyable listening!

You can find and download the episode here.

A glossary for the episode:
🔸gut feeling – интуитивное чувство
🔸contemplation – созерцание
🔸wily – хитрый, проворный
🔸exasperation – отчаяние
🔸to recall – вспоминать
🔸heath – пустошь, степь
🔸clearing – луг, поляна
🔸tinge – оттенок,
🔸ashen – мертвенно-бледный
🔸headmaster – классный руководитель
🔸frenetic – иступлённый, неистовый, маниакальный
🔸tenaciousness – крепость, вязкость (прпавильнее tenacity)
🔸to railroad – направлять
🔸to regiment – систематизировать
🔸shirker – тот, кто избегает действий
🔸slob – разгильдяй
🔸obliquely – наискосок
🔸frantic – неистовый, иступлённый
🔸impotence – бессилие
🔸conducive – стимулирующий
🔸to press in – втискивать, вталкивать
🔸intrinsic – свойственный
🔸to truncate – усекать, сокращать, обрезать
🔸benchmark – планка, ориентир
#synonymiser
Good day to all! In this post, I will ponder words with the meaning of premonition. There will be several words with contextual examples from different literary sources, as they are good for such quite poetic lexis. I have preserved the original punctuation, so do not be confused by some unconventional omissions and usages of punctiation markers.

Hope you will embelish your speech with this one.😉

🔸foreboding – предзнаменование, плохое предчувствие
▫️Then Turambar said farewell to Níniel, and she was filled with fear and foreboding, and their parting was sorrowful; but Turambar set out with his two companions and went to Nen Girith. (J. R. R. Tolkien – The Silmarillion)
▫️Therefore he feared the tidings that Dorlas brought, and when he beheld the face of Túrin as he lay on the bier a cloud of foreboding lay on his heart. (J. R. R. Tolkien – The Silmarillion)

🔸portent – плохое предзнаменование
▫️"There!" he said, "there! I knew there was something wro...." He checked himself, and was silent, staring before him, as though he had seen a portent. ( John Galsworthy – The Forsyte Saga)
▫️Fitz Patton's smart sound design and Josh Schmidt's moody music work together to heighten the sense of portent. (The New York Times)

🔸premonition – плохое предчувствие
▫️After the alarm sounded in the underground, people began to have a premonition of a coming hurricane.
▫️He had prepared well for the exam but the premonition that he could fail it did not leave him.
▫️The complainant party had solid arguments in their favour, but the premonition of losing the case haunted them until the end of the trial.

🔸presentiment – предчувствие чего-то плохого
▫️He had a presentiment on the subject of Soames' communication as they left the Board Room together, and went out into the noise and hurry of Cheapside. (John Galsworthy – The Forsyte Saga)
▫️He had been ill for a while, and the "aerial flowers" were a presentiment of death, though the sun paintings refer to eternal cycles of nature and rebirth. (The Guardian – Arts)
▫️As one contemporary newspaper noted, in many citizens this shading of the sun awakened "a kind of vague fear, of impending danger – a prophetic presentiment of some approaching catastrophe". (The New York Times – Books)
🔸omen – a perceived sign of something a good or bad to happen in the future
▫️Miners belive in omens, and any guidance they can find will do. (The New York Times – Books)
▫️The name gives a sense of longevity, he said, that he hoped would be a good omen for the future. (The New York Times)
▫️The omens are good: at the beginning of this month there was half a metre of snow at the top of many northern Alpine ski areas, and the high-altitude Colorado resort of Loveland had already wheeled out its portable snow cannons in anticipation of temperatures low enough to permit snowmaking. (Independent)
#original_high_speech
Hello, everyone! I am finishing my vacation in Abkhazia, that is why I have not been posting anything for quite a long time. Another reason is that I have been pretty busy with work here. But in autamn I want to start making posts more often and regularly.

In this post, I present you with an extract from The Forsyte Saga book 2 'In Chancery' written by John Galsworthy. The whole saga is richly filled with poetic language, which I did not quite realise before. But now that I have I will probably become more keen on this category (Hooray! I have finally found an equivalent for Russian 'рубрика'.) of my channel.

The extract reveals the impression of Soames Forsyte of the funeral of Queen Victoria.

Supportive glossary
🔸stripling – молодой человек
🔸stock – шейный платок
🔸oyster barrel – тара для продажи устриц, в которой помещалось два галлона устриц без раковин
🔸tiger – слуга, сопровождающий хозяина в поездках в экипажах
🔸pigsty – хлев, свинарник
🔸­Mammon – Мамона, слово в Новом Завете, олицетворяющее земные блага и богатство
🔸to buttress – укреплять
🔸to chisel – высекать
🔸to gild – покрывать позолотой
🔸hypocrisy – лицемерие
🔸to gild – покрывать позолотой
🔸transmuting – преобразовывающий

The Queen was dead, and the air of the greatest city upon earth grey with unshed tears. Fur-coated and top-hatted, with Annette beside him in dark furs, Soames crossed Park Lane on the morning of the funeral procession, to the rails in Hyde Park. Little moved though he ever was by public matters, this event, supremely symbolical, this summing-up of a long rich period, impressed his fancy. In ’37, when she came to the throne, ‘Superior Dosset’ was still building houses to make London hideous; and James, a stripling of twenty-six, just laying the foundations of his practice in the Law. Coaches still ran; men wore stocks, shaved their upper lips, ate oysters out of barrels; ‘tigers’ swung behind cabriolets; women said, ‘La!’ and owned no property; there were manners in the land, and pigsties for the poor; unhappy devils were hanged for little crimes, and Dickens had but just begun to write. Well-nigh two generations had slipped by—­of steamboats, railways, telegraphs, bicycles, electric light, telephones, and now these motorcars—­of such accumulated wealth, that eight per cent. had become three, and Forsytes were numbered by the thousand! Morals had changed, manners had changed, men had become monkeys twice-removed, God had become Mammon—­Mammon so respectable as to deceive himself: Sixty-four years that favoured property, and had made the upper middle class; buttressed, chiselled, polished it, till it was almost indistinguishable in manners, morals, speech, appearance, habit, and soul from the nobility. An epoch which had gilded individual liberty so that if a man had money, he was free in law and fact, and if he had not money he was free in law and not in fact. An era which had canonised hypocrisy, so that to seem to be respectable was to be. A great Age, whose transmuting influence nothing had escaped save the nature of man and the nature of the Universe.
#synonymiser
Всех приветствую. В этом посте разберу англоязычные эквиваленты русского слова "вечный". Немало покорпел и придумал и нашёл для вас немало же интересных и элегантных примеров.

🔸perennial – lasting throughout the year or continuing without cessation or intermission
▫️Groundwater is nearly the sole source for freshwater supply on Jeju volcanic island because there are no perennial streams and rivers. (Journal of Hydrology)
▫️For educators, the question of drug testing is part of a perennial balancing act between protecting students' rights and protecting their safety. (The New York Times)

🔸eternal – endlessly or forever lasting
▫️There is no eternal growth in markets: an uptrend must always be followed by a correction for the price to resume its growth.
▫️Because technological advancements do not change human nature, there will always be the same eternal dilemmas in human society people will have to face.
▫️Eternal peace among living beings is a dystopian thing because the very natural selection principle forbids it.

🔸sempiternal – endlessly or forever lasting
▫️So Zhou Enlai's famous reply was actually quite banal – yet is now universally reinterpreted as a gem of sempiternal Chinese wisdom. (The Guardian)
▫️The sempiternal truths will always unite people of whatever origins and creeds.
▫️How this secret was found will now remain a sempiternal mystery, with only speculations and versions of its finding being offered by different people.

🔸everlasting – lasting forever
▫️When they said your boat was coming, death rose and walked on the one hand of me, and on the other life everlasting. (Jack London – A Daughter of the Snows)
▫️Their halls are above the everlasting snow, upon Oiolossë, the uttermost tower of Taniquetil, tallest of all the mountains upon Earth. (John R. R. Tolkien – The Silmarillion)

🔸perpetual – lasting forever or indefinitely
▫️The San Juan Islands have long been a popular destination for Seattleites looking to escape the perpetual rain and fog. (Forbes)
▫️The faith, MacCulloch notes, is perpetual argument about meaning and ­reality". (The New York Times – Books)
▫️The perpetual conflict between different political parties, which separation of powers creates, prevents the seizure of power by one political actor whatsoever.

🔸permanent – lasting forever or never changing
▫️The total lack of duty of care by MI5 has caused me very serious and permanent psychological damage," said McGartland. (The Guardian)
▫️Multi-hour daily exposure to video games in the early years of life may lead to a permanent decrease in cognitive capabilities.
▫️Extreme sports are associated with high risks of permanent physical discomforts.
#vocabulary_builder #travel
At a Hotel

Phew, I am back to posting on this channel. Hope, I will keep it up. To begin with, I have had a lot of work since September 2020, which I cannot complain about, because it has allowed me to achieve more financial stability and make a step up in my professional and financial growth as a freelancer. But due to how much effort and time the work was consuming, I could not keep up this channel going up to the set standards. And later on I somehow got out of the habbit of making posts, just did not feel enough motivation.

I now seem to have some workload off, so I want to use this free time to get back to making posts on this channel. And I also plan to invest some of the money I have recently made to get some more audience here to keep the motivation going.

And in this very post, I am getting back to Vocabulary Builder on travel. I hope I will finish this entire series before the end of the spring. I imagine there will be no more than two more posts in the topic of travel. So, let us now get to it. In this post, I am listing vocabulary associated with hotels.

🔹adjoining rooms – смежные номера, разделённые дверью
🔹amenities – внутренняя инфраструктура гостиницы
🔹bellboy – носильщик багажа
🔹brochure – буклет, рассказывающий о местных достопримечательностях
🔹check-in – регистрация въезда постояльца
🔹check-out – регистрация выезда постояльца
🔹complimentary – бесплатный
🔹cot – выдвижная кровать
🔹damage charge – взнос за нанесённый ущерб
🔹deposit – сумма для резервирования номера
🔹front desk, reception – регистратура, стойка регистрации
🔹guest – постоялец
🔹hotel manager – управляющий гостиницы
🔹housekeeper, maid – горничная
🔹kitchenette – место для приготовления пищи с холодильником
🔹linen – постельное бельё
🔹lobby – вестибюль
🔹maximum capacity – количество постояльцев, которое может вместить гостиница
🔹pillow case – чехол для подушки
🔹porter – привратник, швейцар
🔹room service – обслуживание номеров
🔹vacancy – свободный номер
#original_high_speech
Hello, dear all! Here I present you with another extract of elegant English from The Forsyte Saga. It comes from Volume 1 'The Man of Property', Part II, Chapter VIII 'Dance at Roger's'. And a supportive glossary comes with it to help you expand the reaches of your word stock.

May you enjoy it!

Supportive glossary:
🔸chaperone – спутник или спутница
🔸eddy – водоворот
🔸scarce – редкий
🔸to plead – упрашивать
🔸callow – малоопытный
🔸wallflower – девушка без кавалера
🔸to murmur – бормотать
🔸to pluck – обрывать, дёргать
🔸dandified – франтовской, щёголеватый
🔸slack – свободная, неприлегающая часть
🔸breeches – брюки
🔸jackanape – нахал
🔸conceit – тщеславие
🔸self-forgetfulness – самоотречение

After this the stream came fast; chaperones silting up along the wall facing the entrance, the volatile element swelling the eddy in the larger room.

Men were scarce, and wallflowers wore their peculiar, pathetic expression, a patient, sourish smile which seemed to say: "Oh, no! don't mistake me, I know you are not coming up to me. I can hardly expect that!" And Francie would plead with one of her lovers, or with some callow youth: "Now, to please me, do let me introduce you to Miss Pink; such a nice girl, really!" and she would bring him up, and say: "Miss Pink – Mr. Gathercole. Can you spare him a dance?" Then Miss Pink, smiling her forced smile, colouring a little, answered: "Oh! I think so!" and screening her empty card, wrote on it the name of Gathercole, spelling it passionately in the district that he proposed, about the second extra.

But when the youth had murmured that it was hot, and passed, she relapsed into her attitude of hopeless expectation, into her patient, sourish smile.

Mothers, slowly fanning their faces, watched their daughters, and in their eyes could be read all the story of those daughters' fortunes. As for themselves, to sit hour after hour, dead tired, silent, or talking spasmodically – what did it matter, so long as the girls were having a good time! But to see them neglected and passed by! Ah! they smiled, but their eyes stabbed like the eyes of an offended swan; they longed to pluck young Gathercole by the slack of his dandified breeches, and drag him to their daughters – the jackanapes!

And all the cruelties and hardness of life, its pathos and unequal chances, its conceit, self-forgetfulness, and patience, were presented on the battle-field of this Kensington ball-room.
#synonymiser
Morning, everyone! Sorry to have kept you waiting. I hope the one who was anxiously inquiring about the next post will be pleased with this one. You see, I have rather busy days, and this post has taken me, I believe, no less than 4 hours of pure working time. And that does not include the time when I was thinking about the words and their lexical meanings while having time to myself. It takes a lot of time, in a nutshell, and I am clearly not ready to sacrifice quality.

Hope you will appreciate the quality of my selection of synonymous adjectives with a meaning of unusualness and strangeness.

🔸unusual – not in line with conventional standards
▫️A maxi dress is an unusual type of garment for a party.
▫️Hanging upside-down is an unusual way of getting inspiration practised by Dan Brown.
▫️The party leaders convened at a golf club – a slightly unusual place for political venues.

🔸uncommon – not seen, happening or experienced often
▫️Free elections are uncommon in authoritarian regimes.
▫️Playing attacking football is uncommon for Jose Mourinho's teams.
▫️Speculating about scientific things is uncommon for laymen.
▫️Putting your head outside the side window of a driving car is an uncommon but efficient way of getting your hair dry.

🔸weird – unreasonably strange and bizarre
▫️It is weird trying to catch fish with your hands when you have proper fishing equipment.
▫️Aero tube diving may seem a weird experience to some.
▫️Ed Miliband has such a weird manner of speaking.

🔸strange – unusual and unexpected
▫️Culture-specific traditions may look strange outside their native culture.
▫️Over time, even a name that may seem strange to consumers can be accepted and embraced. (CNN)
▫️I had a strange feeling that we'd met before. (Cambridge Dictionary)

🔸queer – differing in some way from what is usual or normal
▫️'How queer it seems,' Alice said to herself, 'to be going messages for a rabbit! (Alice's Adventures in the Wonderland – Lewis Carroll)
▫️Maybe the idea that Mali and Burkina Faso were once inhabited countries rather than empty deserts will seem queer, and the immiseration of huge numbers of stateless refugees thronging against the borders of the rich northern countries will be taken for granted. (The Economist)

🔸odd – differing markedly from the usual, ordinary, or accepted 
▫️It may feel odd talking to a compatriot in a foreign language at language club meetings, especially for beginner-level learners.
▫️How odd to see the diplomats as hawks and the military as doves. (The New York Times)
▫️It was odd to see the camp without anyone in it and no one watching over.

🔸bizarre – strikingly out of the ordinary and hard to comprehend
▫️There are lots of bizarre stories about paranormal things on TV, but there is still no confirmation or proof that any of them are real.
▫️A silent party is probably the most bizarre sort of a party.
▫️Some of the rituals were quite bizarre.

🔸funny – differing from the ordinary in a suspicious, perplexing or alarming way
▫️My car has been making a funny noise on the way to your place.
▫️Going into this game, I've had a funny feeling that something might go wrong even though we do look a stronger team on paper.

🔸fanciful – odd and deviating from what is normal
▫️– But, um, you described how the light from the gas lamps caught the rain and made a kind of halo round her.
–That sounds rather fanciful for me. (Downton Abbey – season 3, episode 6)
▫️It would not be too fanciful to say that Carlyle's unusual economically deprived but spiritually rich past could have played a major part in turning him into such a versatile, passionate actor. (The Guardian)
#vocabulary_builder
Places to see

Hello, everyone! I had this post almost prepared back in May but then got too busy with work and left the channel behind. Now, I feel like it is no good putting it off anymore.

At long, long last, this is the closing post for the vocabulary builder on travel. In it, I will list the generic names of places of general interest that people visit while travelling.

🔹gallery – галерея
🔹theatre – театр
🔹opera house – опера
🔹exhibition – выставка
🔹park – парк
🔹garden – сад
🔹monument – монумент
🔹concert hall – концертный зал
🔹meseum – музей
🔹square – площадь
🔹cathedral – собор
🔹castle – замок
🔹fortress – крепость
#synonymiser

I feel reinvigorated and motivated to carry on! If you have the time to pay attention to my closing post of the year before it's ended, let's jump right in, my dear folks. If not, you'll have a good chunk of synomyms to occupy your mind with during the holidays.

The talk will be centred around the action of confusion.

🔸to confuse – to make someone feel uncertain about making the right choice
▫️The question in the exam ticket confused the student with its ambiguity.
▫️People were confused by the announcement that they can keep the flight tickets to the cancelled flight for a different flight.
▫️Samantha being new in London was confused by the directions to Hyde Park her colleagues gave her at the office.

🔸to bewilder – to make someone feel uneasy or embarrassed
▫️Near the beginning of the book, Kennedy is shocked and bewildered when a civil rights activist says he would not willingly defend his country in wartime. (Washington Post)
▫️The boy felt bewildered when asked why he was late for the class.
▫️The car mechanic bewildered the customer by telling him that his car's engine would have done another 70,000 kilometres if he had been changing the engine oil more frequently.

🔸to discombobulate – to make someone feel uncomfortable or confused
▫️I congratulate you on acquiring this studio, and I've met a couple of your team today. I don't want to spook or discombobulate them by mentioning them by name, but I am afraid I feel tempted to do so, Don Robbie. (John Bercow, News Daily at AFTV)

🔸to perplex – to take aback and confuse
▫️The fall in revenues perplexed City analysts after the decision to raise bonuses last year. (The Guardian)
▫️Children who learned at grandpa's knee that the hyena is an evil, snarling beast that haunts the night are sometimes perplexed to see real hyenas placidly sunbathing. (The Economist)

🔸to abash – to perplex someone with an unexpected and confusing piece of information
▫️Tottenham fans must have been abashed to have found that their game against Rennes had been cancelled and Tottenham was out of the Europa Conference League at the group stage.
▫️The sudden passing of Joey Jordison abashed many metal fans around the world.

🔸to flummox – to confuse by putting an unsolvable dilemma before someone
▫️Many music artists have been flummoxed by the need to find ways to earn money in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic and public events being cancelled everywhere around the world.
▫️When he waddled on to the pitch at Wembley last month, he immediately showed how he can still flummox younger opponents with his sleight of foot, and spry football brain. (The Independent)

🔸to baffle – to deeply perplex someone so that they do not know how to explain something
▫️Even then, interest is limited, not least because the rows in Northern Ireland tend to be about flags, marching and other things that baffle the rest of the country. (The Guardian)
▫️Indeed, in the political transformation of Myanmar that continues both to baffle and amaze, the rise of parliament is one of the more surprising features. (The Economist)
▫️Many Arsenal fans were baffled by the lack of integrity in their team's play in the 5:0 beatdown at Etihad.

🔸to befuddle – to make someone deeply perplexed or unable to understand how to react to something
▫️Federer has a wide repertoire of clever shots that befuddle even the best of his opponents. (Cambridge Dictionary)
▫️The fear of being fired may also befuddle rather than focus minds. (The Economist)
▫️Without the fog of prestige or heritage to befuddle us, we would be more prone to select cars on their merits. (The Independent)

🔸to bemuse – to confuse slightly
▫️He met some of the young revolutionaries that led the uprising, as well as bemused locals. (The Guardian)
▫️The child was bemused by the question about the difference between a penguin and an ostrich.
▫️Mary bemused her little sister by asking her whether she wanted to spend time in summer in Venice or to go to her uncle's country house.
#language_advice
How to Keep Your English Fresh When There Is No One to Talk to

Maintaining proficiency in a foreign language without regular speaking practice can be challenging even for advanced learners. Original English books are a good solution, but they can sometimes be overwhelming and frustrating. For this reason, you might get stuck with it for a long time and have little or no progress whatsoever.

An alternative to this would be podcasts and streams. It is important to find a topic that would genuinely resonate with you. For me, this has been English football and one particular football club. There is just one specific hazard of this approach – improper use of English grammar by native speakers. This will largely depend on the cultural background and education of the speaker, but you can very often hear Brits and even Londoners use incorrect verb forms among some other things.

For this reason, you might be misguided by the inaccurate use of grammar by the speaker. But at the same time, you will get exposure to diverse vocabulary and intricate idiomaticity. This will help you to maintain your passive lexicon, make it fresher in your memory, and it may allow you to learn new words and usages of the words that you already know. Therefore, such practice would work best for English learners who have a good command of English grammar unless you do not care about using grammar correctly.

If the topic is really interesting to you, you will be able to listen regularly without getting bored. Otherwise, it will not be sustainable and enjoyable. And at the same time, you will be nurturing the neural connections in your brain responsible for your English word stock and establishing new ones, allowing yourself to become even more proficient.

So, for those of you looking to have the Advanced proficiency level or higher, my recommendation would be to find a podcast or video blog that would align with your interst in life. You might benefit language-wise as well as expand your knowledge on the subject.
#original_high_speech

Good day, dear readers! In this post, I am going to share with you another piece of elegant English from The Forsyte Saga, the fifth concluding book 'To Let', chapter X 'Decision'. The extract is not long but will have a few words and collocations that might embellish the English you already know. A little English-Russian glossary is included.

Supportive glossary:
🔹shilling – 1/20 фунта стерлинга
🔹to gasp – шумно вдохнуть от изумления
🔹irresolution – нерешительность
🔹to go full bat – идти быстрым шагом
🔹to sprawl – растянуться
🔹lark – жаворонок
🔹chalk-pit – меловой карьер
🔹to tramp – тяжело ступать

He put a ten-shilling note on the tray with a doubting and gained the door. He heard the Austrian gasp, and hurried out. He had just time to catch his train, and all the way to Victoria looked at every face that passed, as lovers will, hoping against hope. On reaching Worthing he put his luggage into the local train, and set out across the Downs for Wansdon, trying to walk off his aching irresolution. So long as he went full bat, he could enjoy the beauty of those green slopes, stopping now and again to sprawl on the grass, admire the perfection of a wild rose or listen to a lark's song. But the war of motives within him was but postponed – the longing for Fleur, and the hatred of deception. He came to the old chalk-pit above Wansdon with his mind no more made up than when he started. To see both sides of a question vigorously was at once Jon's strength and weakness. He tramped in, just as the first dinner-bell rang. His things had already been brought up. He had a hurried bath and came down to find Holly alone – Val had gone to Town and would not be back till the last train.
#sticky_and_tricky
Next vs. the next

Hello, dear all! Today I want to revisit a sticky point for many English learners – the use of next as an adjective with and without the definite article. It can easily be misleading for a non-native speaker, and I believe this post will give you much clarity about it.

1. Next and the next with time periods.

a) We use next week, month, semester, etc. when we are talking about the time period that begins after an equal ongoing time period.

E.g.:
We will meet next week. (The week following the ongoing week.)
I am going to Paris next month. (The month following the ongoing month.)

b) We use the next hour, 24 hours, week, month, etc. when we are talking about the said time period starting from the moment of speaking.

E.g.:
The next week is going to determine my having a job in this company. (From Monday to Sunday or from Friday to Thursday.)
The next month is going to decide the manager's fate at the club. (The next 30 days or so though they usually say the next 30 days.)
In the next 12 hours, the carrier rocket will dock with the International Spaces Station.

2. The next with non-temporal nouns
When we use next to describe non-temporal nouns, we always use it with the definite article.

E.g.:
The next class is geography.
The next Nottingham Forest game is against Derby County.
The next underground station is Chiswik Park.
#original_high_speech
Hello again, everyone! This is another sample of original high speech from The Forsyte Saga, to whose end I am getting ever closer. This time it is going to be an extract from the book 'To Let' chapter XI 'Timothy Prophesies' with a most ironical polylog. This might seem a rather bulky chunk, but its amusing part should make it easier for you. My tiny glossary is there to help you.

Supportive glossary:
🔹deslutory – вялый, монотонный
🔹syncopated – с ударением на слабую долю
🔹mid-off – полевой игрок на левой стороне от боулера (в крикете)
🔹pigeon-pie – пирог "толстяк"
🔹to interject – вклиниться в разговор
🔹munition – завод военного материально-технического снабжения (контекстуальное)
🔹flapper – молоденькая девушка
🔹to hit in the eye – вызывать изумление
🔹disquisition – подробное обсуждение, рассуждение
🔹cryptically – загадочно
🔹cynical – циничный
🔹creak – скрип

Soames stole a glance. No movement in his wife's face! Whether that fellow were coming or not, she evidently knew all about it. It did not escape him that Fleur, too, looked at her mother. If Annette didn't respect his feelings, she might think of Fleur's! The conversation, very desultory, was syncopated by Jack Cardigan talking about "mid-off." He cited all the "great mid-offs" from the beginning of time, as if they had been a definite racial entity in the composition of the British people. Soames had finished his lobster, and was beginning on pigeon-pie, when he heard the words, "I'm a small bit late, Mrs. Dartie," and saw that there was no longer any empty place. That fellow was sitting between Annette and Imogen. Soames ate steadily on, with an occasional word to Maud and Winifred. Conversation buzzed around him. He heard the voice of Profond say:
"I think you're mistaken, Mrs. Forsyde; I'll – I'll bet Miss Forsyde agrees with me."
"In what?" came Fleur's clear voice across the table.
That sharp reply caught the ears of all, and Soames moved uneasily on his thin green chair.
"Well, I don't know, I think they want their own small way, and I think they always did."
"Indeed!"
"Oh, but – Prosper," Winifred interjected comfortably, "the girls in the streets – the girls who've been in munitions, the little flappers in the shops; their manners now really quite hit you in the eye."
At the word "hit" Jack Cardigan stopped his disquisition; and in the silence Monsieur Profond said: "It was inside before, now it's outside; that's all."
"But their morals!" cried Imogen.
"Just as moral as they ever were, Mrs. Cardigan, but they've got more opportunity."
The saying, so cryptically cynical, received a little laugh from Imogen, a slight opening of Jack Cardigan's mouth, and a creak from Soames' chair.
#original_high_speech
I was deeply shaken by Russia's military invasion of Ukraine when it began, could hardly even get myself together to do my regular work – let alone this channel – because all seemed utterly futile and discouraging. As time went on, I just managed to get myself to work and follow the news regarding this military outrage most of the time apart from some free-time activities. Working on this channel was too far at the back of my mind from mid-March to late May, just could not concentrate and focus on any business outside my regular work.

Now I feel I must resume my work on this channel to keep myself in a more proactive mood and reinvigorate myself for some positive things and hopefully produce meaningful educational content for you. So here is another piece of authentic elegant English for you from The Forsyte Saga, book 'To Let', chapter XI 'The Last of the Old Forsytes'. A small supportive glossary is there to help you get through.

Supportive dictionary:
🔹soundness – цельность, крепость
🔹evidence – свидетельство
🔹harp – арфа
🔹barrel organ – шарманка
🔹drat! – пропади пропадом!
🔹halfpenny – полпенса
🔹organ – шарманка
🔹bluebottle – синяя муха
🔹to take one's own line – иметь своё мнение, действовать самостоятельно
🔹to put about – расстраивать, огорчать

When they came to prepare that terrific symbol Timothy Forsyte – the one pure individualist left, the only man who hadn't heard of the Great War – they found him wonderful – not even death had undermined his soundness.

To Smither and Cook that preparation came like final evidence of what they had never believed possible – the end of the old Forsyte family on earth. Poor Mr. Timothy must now take a harp and sing in the company of Miss Forsyte, Mrs. Julia, Miss Hester; with Mr. Jolyon, Mr. Swithin, Mr. James, Mr. Roger, and Mr. Nicholas of the party. Whether Mrs. Hayman would be there was more doubtful, seeing that she had been cremated. Secretly Cook thought that Mr. Timothy would be upset – he had always been so set against barrel organs. How many times had she not said: "Drat the thing! There it is again! Smither, you'd better run up and see what you can do." And in her heart she would so have enjoyed the tunes, if she hadn't known that Mr. Timothy would ring the bell in a minute and say: "Here, take him a halfpenny and tell him to move on." Often they had been obliged to add threepence of their own before the man would go – Timothy had ever underrated the value of emotion. Luckily he had taken the organs for blue-bottles in his last years, which had been a comfort, and they had been able to enjoy the tunes. But a harp! Cook wondered. It was a change! And Mr. Timothy had never liked change. But she did not speak of this to Smither, who did so take a line of her own in regard to heaven that it quite put one about sometimes.
#synonymiser
Hello, dear readers! Here I am with another bunch of synonyms for you. In this post, I will share a selection of verbs with the meaning of making someone annoyed or angry.

But before I start, I want to announce a simple poll below this post. The question is 'Are you ready to support this channel financially?' If you are, please press the 💸 button. Your financial support will allow me to post more content more regularly and will be vastly appreciated.

And now to the post! And as always I encourage you to look for more authentic context with the words in the list to improve your own command of the words in it.

🔸to peeve – to annoy
▫️It peeves me that it is raining the whole weekend.
▫️Helen was peeved by her sister's request to pick up a delivery for her from the post office.
▫️Some people's egotistical behaviour can peeve you a lot.

🔸to annoy – to get on someone's nerves up to an extent of making them angry
▫️Sara gets annoyed when mosquitoes start buzzing over her ear in the night, interrupting her sleep.
▫️It annoys me when people are coughing en masse during spectacles in theatres.
▫️It annoys Tom when someone is answering a call during a showing in the cinema.

🔸to irk – to make someone feel annoyed
▫️His arrogance irks me.
▫️Denis was feeling nervous about the approaching exam, and his self-centred behavior irked his mother when she needed his help.
▫️The need to postpone his meetup with friends because of the sudden change in his work schedule irked him.

🔸to irritate – to make someone lose temper
▫️It was the offhand, unimportant manner it had been done that irritated him. (Harry Harrison – Deathworld)
▫️He brimmed with enthusiasms and self-confidence and issued pronouncements on all sorts of subjects, which amused some of the Rhodes scholars and irritated others. (The New Yorker)

🔸to bother – to annoy or cause problems for someone
▫️The boy did not want to bother his father with questions about his homework because he looked tired after a day at work.
▫️They thought they could live happily in a bungalo away from civilisation without being bothered by city chaos.
▫️The news about a prison break bothered the citizens.

🔸to pester – to annoy someone by repetitively asking the same thing
▫️John has been pestering her to go out with him all month. (Cambridge Dictionary)
▫️Baggers were pestering tourists for coins at the railway hub.
▫️Kevin was pestering his mates to lend him some money to pay back what he owed to his boss.
2024/05/12 06:54:35
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