Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
🔰 Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) 🔰
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Introduction
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) are enshrined in Part IV of the Constitution (Articles 36–51). They are guidelines for the State to establish a welfare state and achieve social and economic democracy. They are non-justiciable, but fundamental in the governance of the country. Inspired by the Irish Constitution.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Features of DPSPs
➡️ Not enforceable in courts, but impose a duty on the State.
➡️ Aim to promote justice, social order and welfare.
➡️ Supplement Fundamental Rights by focusing on socio-economic rights.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Classified into three broad categories:
1️⃣ Socialistic Principles – e.g., right to adequate means of livelihood (Art. 39), equal pay for equal work (Art. 39(d)), free legal aid (Art. 39A).
2️⃣ Gandhian Principles – e.g., promotion of cottage industries (Art. 43), organisation of village panchayats (Art. 40), prohibition of intoxicants (Art. 47).
3️⃣ Liberal-Intellectual Principles – e.g., uniform civil code (Art. 44), protection of environment and monuments (Art. 48A & 49), promotion of international peace (Art. 51).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Important Case Laws
🍍 State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan (1951): Held that DPSPs cannot override Fundamental Rights. Led to the First Constitutional Amendment.
🍍 Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973): Harmony between Fundamental Rights and DPSPs emphasized.
🍍 Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980): Balance between Fundamental Rights and DPSPs is part of the basic structure.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Amendments Strengthening DPSPs
🥭 42nd Amendment (1976): Added principles like free legal aid (Art. 39A), environment protection (Art. 48A).
🥭 86th Amendment (2002): Made education a Fundamental Right (Art. 21A) and shifted related DPSP to Art. 45.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Conclusion
The Directive Principles of State Policy are the “conscience of the Constitution” (Granville Austin). Though non-justiciable, they act as a moral and political compass for the government, ensuring India moves towards a welfare state with social and economic justice.
📌 Exam tip: Always mention Articles 36–51, classification (socialistic, Gandhian, liberal-intellectual) and Minerva Mills (1980) for balance between FRs and DPSPs.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Introduction
The Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs) are enshrined in Part IV of the Constitution (Articles 36–51). They are guidelines for the State to establish a welfare state and achieve social and economic democracy. They are non-justiciable, but fundamental in the governance of the country. Inspired by the Irish Constitution.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Features of DPSPs
➡️ Not enforceable in courts, but impose a duty on the State.
➡️ Aim to promote justice, social order and welfare.
➡️ Supplement Fundamental Rights by focusing on socio-economic rights.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Classified into three broad categories:
1️⃣ Socialistic Principles – e.g., right to adequate means of livelihood (Art. 39), equal pay for equal work (Art. 39(d)), free legal aid (Art. 39A).
2️⃣ Gandhian Principles – e.g., promotion of cottage industries (Art. 43), organisation of village panchayats (Art. 40), prohibition of intoxicants (Art. 47).
3️⃣ Liberal-Intellectual Principles – e.g., uniform civil code (Art. 44), protection of environment and monuments (Art. 48A & 49), promotion of international peace (Art. 51).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Important Case Laws
🍍 State of Madras v. Champakam Dorairajan (1951): Held that DPSPs cannot override Fundamental Rights. Led to the First Constitutional Amendment.
🍍 Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973): Harmony between Fundamental Rights and DPSPs emphasized.
🍍 Minerva Mills v. Union of India (1980): Balance between Fundamental Rights and DPSPs is part of the basic structure.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Amendments Strengthening DPSPs
🥭 42nd Amendment (1976): Added principles like free legal aid (Art. 39A), environment protection (Art. 48A).
🥭 86th Amendment (2002): Made education a Fundamental Right (Art. 21A) and shifted related DPSP to Art. 45.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍓 Conclusion
The Directive Principles of State Policy are the “conscience of the Constitution” (Granville Austin). Though non-justiciable, they act as a moral and political compass for the government, ensuring India moves towards a welfare state with social and economic justice.
📌 Exam tip: Always mention Articles 36–51, classification (socialistic, Gandhian, liberal-intellectual) and Minerva Mills (1980) for balance between FRs and DPSPs.
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
Abetment requires:
Anonymous Quiz
69%
A) Mental element (mens rea)
11%
B) Physical presence
13%
C) Group of three or more
7%
D) Prior convictions
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
🔰 Fundamental Duties 🔰
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍒 Introduction
The Fundamental Duties are enshrined in Part IVA of the Constitution (Article 51A). They were incorporated by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. They represent the moral obligations of citizens to promote national unity, integrity and patriotism.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍒 List of Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)
Every citizen of India shall:
1️⃣ Abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
2️⃣ Cherish and follow the noble ideals of the freedom struggle.
3️⃣ Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4️⃣ Defend the country and render national service when called upon.
5️⃣ Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood transcending religion, language and region.
6️⃣ Value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture.
7️⃣ Protect and improve the natural environment, forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife and show compassion for living creatures.
8️⃣ Develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9️⃣ Safeguard public property and abjure violence.
🔟 Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
1️⃣1️⃣ (Added by 86th Amendment, 2002) – Provide opportunities for education to children between 6 and 14 years.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍒 Features
➡️ Not enforceable by law, but Parliament can provide for their enforcement (e.g., Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971).
➡️ Serve as a constant reminder to citizens of their duties towards the nation.
➡️ Complement Fundamental Rights by stressing responsibilities.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍒 Important Case Law
AIIMS Students Union v. AIIMS (2001): Supreme Court held that Fundamental Duties are as important as Fundamental Rights.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍒 Conclusion
Fundamental Duties under Article 51A act as the moral compass of citizens, promoting discipline and responsibility. While they are non-justiciable, they are essential to achieve the goals of national integration, environmental protection and constitutional values.
📌 Exam Tip: Always write that they were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976), and the 11th duty by the 86th Amendment (2002).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍒 Introduction
The Fundamental Duties are enshrined in Part IVA of the Constitution (Article 51A). They were incorporated by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976, based on the recommendations of the Swaran Singh Committee. They represent the moral obligations of citizens to promote national unity, integrity and patriotism.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍒 List of Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)
Every citizen of India shall:
1️⃣ Abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
2️⃣ Cherish and follow the noble ideals of the freedom struggle.
3️⃣ Uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4️⃣ Defend the country and render national service when called upon.
5️⃣ Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood transcending religion, language and region.
6️⃣ Value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture.
7️⃣ Protect and improve the natural environment, forests, lakes, rivers, wildlife and show compassion for living creatures.
8️⃣ Develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9️⃣ Safeguard public property and abjure violence.
🔟 Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity.
1️⃣1️⃣ (Added by 86th Amendment, 2002) – Provide opportunities for education to children between 6 and 14 years.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍒 Features
➡️ Not enforceable by law, but Parliament can provide for their enforcement (e.g., Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971).
➡️ Serve as a constant reminder to citizens of their duties towards the nation.
➡️ Complement Fundamental Rights by stressing responsibilities.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍒 Important Case Law
AIIMS Students Union v. AIIMS (2001): Supreme Court held that Fundamental Duties are as important as Fundamental Rights.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍒 Conclusion
Fundamental Duties under Article 51A act as the moral compass of citizens, promoting discipline and responsibility. While they are non-justiciable, they are essential to achieve the goals of national integration, environmental protection and constitutional values.
📌 Exam Tip: Always write that they were added by the 42nd Amendment (1976), and the 11th duty by the 86th Amendment (2002).
YouTube
LAW EXPLORER
This channel is an initiative for providing an aid towards legal study.
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
Attempt to commit a crime under BNS is punishable with:
Anonymous Quiz
44%
A) One-half of the maximum term
25%
B) One-third of the maximum term
28%
C) Same as completed offense
3%
D) No punishment
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
🔰 The President and Vice-President of India 🔰
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🌟 The President
💥 Position
➡️ The President is the Head of the State and the first citizen of India.
➡️ He is the nominal executive; the real powers rest with the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister (Article 74).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Election
Elected by an Electoral College consisting of:
➡️ Elected members of Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha), and
➡️ Elected members of State Legislative Assemblies (including Delhi & Puducherry).
Article 54 & 55 – election through proportional representation by single transferable vote.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Qualifications (Art. 58)
➡️ Citizen of India
➡️ 35 years of age
➡️ Qualified for election as a member of Lok Sabha
➡️ Must not hold any office of profit under the government.
Tenure (Art. 56)
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Term: 5 years, eligible for re-election.
Can resign or be removed by impeachment (Art. 61) on grounds of violation of the Constitution.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Powers of the President
🌈 Executive: Appoints PM, Ministers, Governors, Judges of SC/HC, etc.
🌈 Legislative: Summons, prorogues Parliament, dissolves Lok Sabha, gives assent to bills, issues ordinances (Art. 123).
🌈 Judicial: Grants pardons, commutations and reprieves (Art. 72).
🌈 Emergency Powers: National Emergency (Art. 352), President’s Rule (Art. 356), Financial Emergency (Art. 360).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Case Law: Shamsher Singh v. State of Punjab (1974) – President is a constitutional head; must act on aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🌟 The Vice-President
💥 Position
➡️ The Vice-President is the second-highest constitutional office.
➡️ Ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha (Art. 64).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Election (Art. 66)
➡️ Elected by members of both Houses of Parliament.
➡️ Election by proportional representation with single transferable vote.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Qualifications (Art. 66(3))
➡️ Citizen of India
➡️ 35 years of age
➡️ Qualified for election as a member of Rajya Sabha.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Tenure (Art. 67)
💥 Term: 5 years, eligible for re-election.
Can resign or be removed by a resolution of Rajya Sabha passed by majority and agreed by Lok Sabha.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Functions
➡️ Presides over Rajya Sabha meetings.
➡️ Acts as President when the office falls vacant, until a new President is elected (maximum 6 months).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Conclusion
The President is the constitutional head of India, while the Vice-President serves as his deputy and as Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. Together, they ensure continuity in governance and uphold the principles of parliamentary democracy.
📌 Exam Tip: Always write Articles 52–62 for President and Articles 63–71 for Vice-President, and mention Shamsher Singh (1974) for President’s powers.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🌟 The President
💥 Position
➡️ The President is the Head of the State and the first citizen of India.
➡️ He is the nominal executive; the real powers rest with the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister (Article 74).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Election
Elected by an Electoral College consisting of:
➡️ Elected members of Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha), and
➡️ Elected members of State Legislative Assemblies (including Delhi & Puducherry).
Article 54 & 55 – election through proportional representation by single transferable vote.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Qualifications (Art. 58)
➡️ Citizen of India
➡️ 35 years of age
➡️ Qualified for election as a member of Lok Sabha
➡️ Must not hold any office of profit under the government.
Tenure (Art. 56)
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Term: 5 years, eligible for re-election.
Can resign or be removed by impeachment (Art. 61) on grounds of violation of the Constitution.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Powers of the President
🌈 Executive: Appoints PM, Ministers, Governors, Judges of SC/HC, etc.
🌈 Legislative: Summons, prorogues Parliament, dissolves Lok Sabha, gives assent to bills, issues ordinances (Art. 123).
🌈 Judicial: Grants pardons, commutations and reprieves (Art. 72).
🌈 Emergency Powers: National Emergency (Art. 352), President’s Rule (Art. 356), Financial Emergency (Art. 360).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Case Law: Shamsher Singh v. State of Punjab (1974) – President is a constitutional head; must act on aid and advice of the Council of Ministers.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🌟 The Vice-President
💥 Position
➡️ The Vice-President is the second-highest constitutional office.
➡️ Ex-officio Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha (Art. 64).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Election (Art. 66)
➡️ Elected by members of both Houses of Parliament.
➡️ Election by proportional representation with single transferable vote.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Qualifications (Art. 66(3))
➡️ Citizen of India
➡️ 35 years of age
➡️ Qualified for election as a member of Rajya Sabha.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Tenure (Art. 67)
💥 Term: 5 years, eligible for re-election.
Can resign or be removed by a resolution of Rajya Sabha passed by majority and agreed by Lok Sabha.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Functions
➡️ Presides over Rajya Sabha meetings.
➡️ Acts as President when the office falls vacant, until a new President is elected (maximum 6 months).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
💥 Conclusion
The President is the constitutional head of India, while the Vice-President serves as his deputy and as Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha. Together, they ensure continuity in governance and uphold the principles of parliamentary democracy.
📌 Exam Tip: Always write Articles 52–62 for President and Articles 63–71 for Vice-President, and mention Shamsher Singh (1974) for President’s powers.
YouTube
LAW EXPLORER
This channel is an initiative for providing an aid towards legal study.
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
A conspirator is not liable if:
Anonymous Quiz
5%
A) He did not benefit
45%
B) He withdrew before the offence
31%
C) He committed no overt act (in minor offences)
19%
D) None of the above
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
🔰 Council of Ministers 🔰
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Constitutional Basis
Mentioned in Articles 74–75 of the Indian Constitution.
The real executive authority of the Union is vested in the Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister.
The President is the nominal executive; he acts on the aid and advice of the CoM.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Composition
🐚 Prime Minister (PM): Head of the government, leader of majority party in Lok Sabha.
🐚 Cabinet Ministers: Senior ministers in charge of important departments (Defence, Home, Finance, External Affairs, etc.).
🐚 Ministers of State (MoS): Can have independent charge or assist Cabinet Ministers.
🐚 Deputy Ministers: Assist Ministers of Cabinet/MoS.
(Note: The 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 – limits the size of CoM to 15% of the total strength of Lok Sabha.)
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Appointment & Tenure
Appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Ministers hold office during the pleasure of the President (actually, till they enjoy the confidence of the Lok Sabha).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Functions and Powers
🐚 Policy Making: Formulates national policies and decisions.
🐚 Administration: Supervises administration through ministries and departments.
🐚 Legislative Role: Responsible to the Lok Sabha, introduces bills, steers government agenda.
🐚 Financial Powers: Prepares and presents the Union Budget, controls expenditure.
🐚 Collective Responsibility (Art. 75(3)): Entire CoM is jointly responsible to Lok Sabha.
🐚 Aid and Advice (Art. 74): President must act according to CoM’s advice.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Important Features
🐚 Collective Responsibility: Entire CoM resigns if Lok Sabha passes a no-confidence motion.
🐚 Individual Responsibility: A minister can be removed by the President on the advice of the PM.
🐚 Dual Responsibility: To the Lok Sabha and to the President.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Case Law
Shamsher Singh v. State of Punjab (1974): Real executive power lies with the CoM headed by the PM; President is only a constitutional head.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Conclusion
The Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, is the real executive authority of the Union, responsible to the Lok Sabha and working under the principle of collective responsibility.
📌 Exam Tip: Remember – Articles 74–75 + 91st Amendment (15% limit) + Shamsher Singh case (1974) are must-write points.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Constitutional Basis
Mentioned in Articles 74–75 of the Indian Constitution.
The real executive authority of the Union is vested in the Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister.
The President is the nominal executive; he acts on the aid and advice of the CoM.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Composition
🐚 Prime Minister (PM): Head of the government, leader of majority party in Lok Sabha.
🐚 Cabinet Ministers: Senior ministers in charge of important departments (Defence, Home, Finance, External Affairs, etc.).
🐚 Ministers of State (MoS): Can have independent charge or assist Cabinet Ministers.
🐚 Deputy Ministers: Assist Ministers of Cabinet/MoS.
(Note: The 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 – limits the size of CoM to 15% of the total strength of Lok Sabha.)
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Appointment & Tenure
Appointed by the President on the advice of the Prime Minister.
Ministers hold office during the pleasure of the President (actually, till they enjoy the confidence of the Lok Sabha).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Functions and Powers
🐚 Policy Making: Formulates national policies and decisions.
🐚 Administration: Supervises administration through ministries and departments.
🐚 Legislative Role: Responsible to the Lok Sabha, introduces bills, steers government agenda.
🐚 Financial Powers: Prepares and presents the Union Budget, controls expenditure.
🐚 Collective Responsibility (Art. 75(3)): Entire CoM is jointly responsible to Lok Sabha.
🐚 Aid and Advice (Art. 74): President must act according to CoM’s advice.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Important Features
🐚 Collective Responsibility: Entire CoM resigns if Lok Sabha passes a no-confidence motion.
🐚 Individual Responsibility: A minister can be removed by the President on the advice of the PM.
🐚 Dual Responsibility: To the Lok Sabha and to the President.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Case Law
Shamsher Singh v. State of Punjab (1974): Real executive power lies with the CoM headed by the PM; President is only a constitutional head.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
🍄 Conclusion
The Council of Ministers, headed by the Prime Minister, is the real executive authority of the Union, responsible to the Lok Sabha and working under the principle of collective responsibility.
📌 Exam Tip: Remember – Articles 74–75 + 91st Amendment (15% limit) + Shamsher Singh case (1974) are must-write points.
YouTube
LAW EXPLORER
This channel is an initiative for providing an aid towards legal study.
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
Which of the following best defines "abetment"?
Anonymous Quiz
10%
A) The physical commission of crime
10%
B) Planning the act alone
78%
C) Instigation, aiding or conspiracy
2%
D) Filing a false report
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
🔰 The Attorney-General for India 🔰
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Constitutional Basis
Mentioned in Articles 76–78 of the Constitution.
The Attorney-General (AGI) is the highest law officer of India.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Appointment & Qualifications (Art. 76)
➡️ Appointed by the President of India.
➡️ Must be qualified to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court, i.e.:
Citizen of India, and
Has been a judge of a High Court for 5 years, or
An advocate in High Court(s) for 10 years, or
An eminent jurist in the President’s opinion.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Tenure & Removal
➡️ No fixed tenure.
➡️ Holds office during the pleasure of the President.
➡️ No procedure for removal is mentioned in the Constitution.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Duties & Functions (Art. 76 & 78)
💧 Legal Advisor: Advises the Government of India on legal matters.
💧 Court Representation: Appears on behalf of the Union in the Supreme Court and High Courts.
💧 Other Duties: Performs functions assigned by the President.
💧 Right of Audience: Has the right of audience in all courts of India.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Parliamentary Participation:
Can participate in proceedings of Parliament (both Houses) but without voting rights.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Rights & Limitations
➡️ Can take up private practice, but with restrictions:
➡️ Cannot appear against the Government of India.
➡️ Cannot defend accused in criminal cases without permission.
➡️ Cannot accept appointment in any company without government approval.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Significance
➡️ Acts as the chief legal advisor to the Union Government.
➡️ Ensures that the actions of the government conform to the Constitution and law.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Conclusion
The Attorney-General of India plays a crucial role as the legal conscience of the Union Government, balancing professional independence with responsibility towards the State.
📌 Exam Tip: Always write Art. 76–78 + Qualifications + Role in Courts + Restriction on private practice.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Constitutional Basis
Mentioned in Articles 76–78 of the Constitution.
The Attorney-General (AGI) is the highest law officer of India.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Appointment & Qualifications (Art. 76)
➡️ Appointed by the President of India.
➡️ Must be qualified to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court, i.e.:
Citizen of India, and
Has been a judge of a High Court for 5 years, or
An advocate in High Court(s) for 10 years, or
An eminent jurist in the President’s opinion.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Tenure & Removal
➡️ No fixed tenure.
➡️ Holds office during the pleasure of the President.
➡️ No procedure for removal is mentioned in the Constitution.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Duties & Functions (Art. 76 & 78)
💧 Legal Advisor: Advises the Government of India on legal matters.
💧 Court Representation: Appears on behalf of the Union in the Supreme Court and High Courts.
💧 Other Duties: Performs functions assigned by the President.
💧 Right of Audience: Has the right of audience in all courts of India.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Parliamentary Participation:
Can participate in proceedings of Parliament (both Houses) but without voting rights.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Rights & Limitations
➡️ Can take up private practice, but with restrictions:
➡️ Cannot appear against the Government of India.
➡️ Cannot defend accused in criminal cases without permission.
➡️ Cannot accept appointment in any company without government approval.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Significance
➡️ Acts as the chief legal advisor to the Union Government.
➡️ Ensures that the actions of the government conform to the Constitution and law.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
⭐️ Conclusion
The Attorney-General of India plays a crucial role as the legal conscience of the Union Government, balancing professional independence with responsibility towards the State.
📌 Exam Tip: Always write Art. 76–78 + Qualifications + Role in Courts + Restriction on private practice.
YouTube
LAW EXPLORER
This channel is an initiative for providing an aid towards legal study.
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
1/7. Historical & Political
🔷 Formation of State: 1 November 2000 (26th State of India, carved out of Madhya Pradesh).
🔷 First Governor: D. N. Sahay.
🔷 First Chief Minister: Ajit Jogi.
🔷 Present High Court: Chhattisgarh High Court at Bilaspur (established in 2000 is the 19th High Court of India).
🔷 First Chief Justice: Justice W. A. Shishak.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
1/7. Historical & Political
🔷 Formation of State: 1 November 2000 (26th State of India, carved out of Madhya Pradesh).
🔷 First Governor: D. N. Sahay.
🔷 First Chief Minister: Ajit Jogi.
🔷 Present High Court: Chhattisgarh High Court at Bilaspur (established in 2000 is the 19th High Court of India).
🔷 First Chief Justice: Justice W. A. Shishak.
YouTube
LAW EXPLORER
This channel is an initiative for providing an aid towards legal study.
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
When an attempt to commit murder fails, the offence committed is:
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A) No offense
14%
B) Criminal conspiracy
75%
C) Attempt to murder
5%
D) Preparation to murder
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
2/7. Geography
🔷• Capital: Raipur (Proposed New Capital – Naya Raipur/Atal Nagar).
🔷• Largest District (area): Korba.
🔷• Smallest District (area): Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi.
🔷• Major Rivers: Mahanadi, Indravati, Hasdeo, Shivnath, Arpa.
🔷• Important Plateau: Chhota Nagpur Plateau (extends into the state).
🔷• Highest Point: Nandiraj, a peak in the Bailadila Hills.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
2/7. Geography
🔷• Capital: Raipur (Proposed New Capital – Naya Raipur/Atal Nagar).
🔷• Largest District (area): Korba.
🔷• Smallest District (area): Gaurela-Pendra-Marwahi.
🔷• Major Rivers: Mahanadi, Indravati, Hasdeo, Shivnath, Arpa.
🔷• Important Plateau: Chhota Nagpur Plateau (extends into the state).
🔷• Highest Point: Nandiraj, a peak in the Bailadila Hills.
YouTube
LAW EXPLORER
This channel is an initiative for providing an aid towards legal study.
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
Conspiracy under BNS is punishable only when:
Anonymous Quiz
9%
A) There’s a threat to public order
16%
B) The act is completed
47%
C) It’s to commit a serious offence or overt act is done
29%
D) There is intent to cause harm
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
3/7. Economy & Resources
🔷• Known As: “Rice Bowl of India” (produces >20% of India’s rice).
🔷• Major Minerals: Iron ore, coal, bauxite, limestone, dolomite.
🔷• Largest Steel Plant: Bhilai Steel Plant (established 1955, with USSR collaboration).
🔷• NTPC Projects: Korba, Sipat, Lara.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
3/7. Economy & Resources
🔷• Known As: “Rice Bowl of India” (produces >20% of India’s rice).
🔷• Major Minerals: Iron ore, coal, bauxite, limestone, dolomite.
🔷• Largest Steel Plant: Bhilai Steel Plant (established 1955, with USSR collaboration).
🔷• NTPC Projects: Korba, Sipat, Lara.
YouTube
LAW EXPLORER
This channel is an initiative for providing an aid towards legal study.
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
In criminal conspiracy, the number of persons required is:
Anonymous Quiz
6%
A) One
85%
B) Two or more
6%
C) At least three
4%
D) Four or more
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
4/7. Culture & Festivals
🔷• State Dance: Panthi, Raut Nacha, Karma.
🔷• State Animal: Wild Buffalo (Bubalus arnee).
🔷• State Bird: Hill Myna.
🔷• State Tree: Sal.
🔷• Tribal Population: ~32% (Gonds, Baiga, Abhuj Maria, Muria).
🔷• Important Fairs/Festivals: Rajim Kumbh Mela, Bastar Dussehra (longest festival, ~75 days).
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
4/7. Culture & Festivals
🔷• State Dance: Panthi, Raut Nacha, Karma.
🔷• State Animal: Wild Buffalo (Bubalus arnee).
🔷• State Bird: Hill Myna.
🔷• State Tree: Sal.
🔷• Tribal Population: ~32% (Gonds, Baiga, Abhuj Maria, Muria).
🔷• Important Fairs/Festivals: Rajim Kumbh Mela, Bastar Dussehra (longest festival, ~75 days).
YouTube
LAW EXPLORER
This channel is an initiative for providing an aid towards legal study.
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
Attempt to commit an offence is complete when:
Anonymous Quiz
13%
A) Mere planning is done
64%
B) Direct movement to commit the crime begins
21%
C) Offense is completed
2%
D) There’s no physical act
Forwarded from 📚 LAW STUDENTS © 📚 (ASIF ALI)
📚 Chhattisgarh GK – Landmark Facts for Judiciary Exam
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
5/7. Judiciary & Law-related GK
🔷• Chhattisgarh High Court: Bilaspur.
🔷• First Lokayukta of Chhattisgarh: Justice Dilip Raosaheb Deshmukh.
🔷• Judicial Academy: Chhattisgarh State Judicial Academy, Bilaspur.
🔷• Important Legal Development: Special provisions for Scheduled Tribes under Fifth Schedule of Indian Constitution apply in tribal regions.
https://youtube.com/c/LAWEXPLORER
5/7. Judiciary & Law-related GK
🔷• Chhattisgarh High Court: Bilaspur.
🔷• First Lokayukta of Chhattisgarh: Justice Dilip Raosaheb Deshmukh.
🔷• Judicial Academy: Chhattisgarh State Judicial Academy, Bilaspur.
🔷• Important Legal Development: Special provisions for Scheduled Tribes under Fifth Schedule of Indian Constitution apply in tribal regions.
YouTube
LAW EXPLORER
This channel is an initiative for providing an aid towards legal study.