Press Release_Press Information Bureau (15).pdf
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🔆 CAQM Enforces Stage-II of GRAP Across NCR
📍 Context:
✅ The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) has activated Stage-II of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) across the National Capital Region (NCR) after Delhi’s AQI reached “Very Poor” (302) on October 19, 2025.
📍 Objective:
✅ To prevent further deterioration of air quality by implementing a 12-point action plan in addition to Stage-I measures.
📍 Key Measures under Stage-II:
✅ Dust & Road Control: Daily mechanical sweeping and water sprinkling on roads.
✅ C&D Sites: Strict dust control enforcement and focused action at pollution hotspots.
✅ Power Supply: Ensure uninterrupted electricity to discourage DG set use.
✅ DG Set Regulation: Older diesel gensets restricted; only dual-fuel or emission-controlled allowed.
✅ Traffic & Public Transport: Synchronize traffic lights, increase parking fees, and expand CNG/electric public transport.
✅ Communication: Issue public advisories on pollution levels and Do’s & Don’ts.
✅ Citizen Role: Use public transport, avoid open waste burning, and reduce personal vehicle use.
📍 Emergency DG Set Exemptions: Hospitals, airports, metro, sewage plants, defence, telecom & essential services.
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
📍 Context:
✅ The Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) has activated Stage-II of the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) across the National Capital Region (NCR) after Delhi’s AQI reached “Very Poor” (302) on October 19, 2025.
📍 Objective:
✅ To prevent further deterioration of air quality by implementing a 12-point action plan in addition to Stage-I measures.
📍 Key Measures under Stage-II:
✅ Dust & Road Control: Daily mechanical sweeping and water sprinkling on roads.
✅ C&D Sites: Strict dust control enforcement and focused action at pollution hotspots.
✅ Power Supply: Ensure uninterrupted electricity to discourage DG set use.
✅ DG Set Regulation: Older diesel gensets restricted; only dual-fuel or emission-controlled allowed.
✅ Traffic & Public Transport: Synchronize traffic lights, increase parking fees, and expand CNG/electric public transport.
✅ Communication: Issue public advisories on pollution levels and Do’s & Don’ts.
✅ Citizen Role: Use public transport, avoid open waste burning, and reduce personal vehicle use.
📍 Emergency DG Set Exemptions: Hospitals, airports, metro, sewage plants, defence, telecom & essential services.
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
❤2
🔆 Failure to Meet Climate Targets Doesn’t Make COP Irrelevant
📍 Key Idea:
The upcoming COP30 (Brazil, 2025) aims to shift focus from rhetoric to action and implementation, emphasizing practical solutions like the “Belem to Baku Roadmap” for mobilizing $1.3 trillion in climate finance annually by 2035.
Despite setbacks — U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, unmet 1.5°C goals, and rising geopolitical distrust — COP remains vital as a global negotiation platform where countries align on finance, carbon border adjustments, and shared accountability.
The 1.5°C target, though increasingly unrealistic, still serves as a moral benchmark to prevent complacency and sustain global climate ambition.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ Critically evaluate whether global climate summits like COP have lost their relevance amid repeated failures to meet targets.
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
📍 Key Idea:
The upcoming COP30 (Brazil, 2025) aims to shift focus from rhetoric to action and implementation, emphasizing practical solutions like the “Belem to Baku Roadmap” for mobilizing $1.3 trillion in climate finance annually by 2035.
Despite setbacks — U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, unmet 1.5°C goals, and rising geopolitical distrust — COP remains vital as a global negotiation platform where countries align on finance, carbon border adjustments, and shared accountability.
The 1.5°C target, though increasingly unrealistic, still serves as a moral benchmark to prevent complacency and sustain global climate ambition.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ Critically evaluate whether global climate summits like COP have lost their relevance amid repeated failures to meet targets.
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
❤2
🔆 India Rises to 9th in Global Forest Area 🌳
📍 Key Facts:
✅ As per Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA) 2025 by FAO, India has climbed to the 9th position globally in total forest area (up from 10th).
✅ India also retains its 3rd position in annual forest area gain, reflecting strong afforestation efforts.
✅ Progress attributed to forest protection, afforestation, and community-led initiatives under PM Narendra Modi’s leadership.
✅ Campaigns like “Ek Ped Ma Ke Naam” and state-led mass plantation drives have boosted public participation and awareness.
📍 Significance:
This marks India’s growing global leadership in sustainable forest management and ecological balance, reinforcing its commitment to climate action and green development.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ “Evaluate the role of community participation and government initiatives in achieving India’s forest conservation goals.”
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
📍 Key Facts:
✅ As per Global Forest Resources Assessment (GFRA) 2025 by FAO, India has climbed to the 9th position globally in total forest area (up from 10th).
✅ India also retains its 3rd position in annual forest area gain, reflecting strong afforestation efforts.
✅ Progress attributed to forest protection, afforestation, and community-led initiatives under PM Narendra Modi’s leadership.
✅ Campaigns like “Ek Ped Ma Ke Naam” and state-led mass plantation drives have boosted public participation and awareness.
📍 Significance:
This marks India’s growing global leadership in sustainable forest management and ecological balance, reinforcing its commitment to climate action and green development.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ “Evaluate the role of community participation and government initiatives in achieving India’s forest conservation goals.”
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
❤1
🔆 Coal India & IIT Madras Join Hands for Sustainable Energy
📍 About the Initiative:
✅ Coal India Limited (CIL) has signed an MoU with IIT Madras to establish the “Centre for Sustainable Energy” at IIT Madras.
✅ The Centre will act as a hub for cutting-edge R&D, capacity building, and innovation in sustainable energy technologies.
📍 Objectives:
✅ Develop low-carbon technologies and repurpose coal mines for sustainable use.
✅ Reimagine coal as a feedstock for India’s clean energy future.
✅ Drive India’s energy transition and support its net-zero target by 2070.
📍 Significance:
✅ Marks a major step in Coal India’s shift from being an energy provider to an enabler of clean growth.
✅ Promotes industry–academia collaboration to boost indigenous research and innovation.
✅ Will nurture human capital through Ph.D., postdoctoral, and internship programs in green energy.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ “Discuss the role of public–academic partnerships in accelerating India’s energy transition and achieving its net-zero goals.”
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
📍 About the Initiative:
✅ Coal India Limited (CIL) has signed an MoU with IIT Madras to establish the “Centre for Sustainable Energy” at IIT Madras.
✅ The Centre will act as a hub for cutting-edge R&D, capacity building, and innovation in sustainable energy technologies.
📍 Objectives:
✅ Develop low-carbon technologies and repurpose coal mines for sustainable use.
✅ Reimagine coal as a feedstock for India’s clean energy future.
✅ Drive India’s energy transition and support its net-zero target by 2070.
📍 Significance:
✅ Marks a major step in Coal India’s shift from being an energy provider to an enabler of clean growth.
✅ Promotes industry–academia collaboration to boost indigenous research and innovation.
✅ Will nurture human capital through Ph.D., postdoctoral, and internship programs in green energy.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ “Discuss the role of public–academic partnerships in accelerating India’s energy transition and achieving its net-zero goals.”
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
🔆 Great Green Wall of Andhra Pradesh
📍 Context:
To combat coastal erosion and climate risks, Andhra Pradesh will establish a 5 km-wide “Great Green Wall” along its 1,053 km coastline by 2030.
📍 Key Features:
✅ Designed as a “living ecological shield” to protect over 3 million people from climate-induced threats.
✅ Aims to enhance biodiversity, climate resilience, and sustainable development.
✅ The project will act as a buffer against sea-level rise, cyclones, and saline intrusion.
📍 Significance:
🌿 Strengthens ecosystem-based adaptation for coastal regions.
🌊 Aligns with India’s National Coastal Mission and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
🏞️ Builds natural infrastructure to complement grey (man-made) defenses.
📍 Mains Question:
“Evaluate the role of ecosystem-based approaches like the Great Green Wall of Andhra Pradesh in ensuring coastal resilience and livelihood security.
#economy
📍 Context:
To combat coastal erosion and climate risks, Andhra Pradesh will establish a 5 km-wide “Great Green Wall” along its 1,053 km coastline by 2030.
📍 Key Features:
✅ Designed as a “living ecological shield” to protect over 3 million people from climate-induced threats.
✅ Aims to enhance biodiversity, climate resilience, and sustainable development.
✅ The project will act as a buffer against sea-level rise, cyclones, and saline intrusion.
📍 Significance:
🌿 Strengthens ecosystem-based adaptation for coastal regions.
🌊 Aligns with India’s National Coastal Mission and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
🏞️ Builds natural infrastructure to complement grey (man-made) defenses.
📍 Mains Question:
“Evaluate the role of ecosystem-based approaches like the Great Green Wall of Andhra Pradesh in ensuring coastal resilience and livelihood security.
#economy
❤2
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
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🔆 Saranda Forest: SC Orders Wildlife Sanctuary Notification
📍 Key Facts:
✅ Location: Saranda forests on Jharkhand–Odisha border — one of India’s richest Sal forests and biodiversity hotspots.
✅ SC Directive (Oct 2025): Jharkhand to notify 314 sq km as a wildlife sanctuary under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
✅ Ignored NGT Order (2020): Earlier directed to declare Saranda an eco-sensitive zone due to rampant illegal mining.
✅ Ecological Concern: Home to elephants, antelopes, and sloth bears; facing severe deforestation and mining damage.
✅ Mining Impact: 26% of area under leases for iron and manganese ores.
✅ Tribal Rights: SC assured protection under FRA 2006 and PESA 1996; livelihoods won’t be criminalized.
✅ Core Conflict: Balancing mining revenue vs. ecological conservation in a tribal-dominated region.
💬 Mains Question:
How can India reconcile the conflict between ecological conservation and economic development in mineral-rich tribal areas like Saranda?
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
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📍 Key Facts:
✅ Location: Saranda forests on Jharkhand–Odisha border — one of India’s richest Sal forests and biodiversity hotspots.
✅ SC Directive (Oct 2025): Jharkhand to notify 314 sq km as a wildlife sanctuary under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972.
✅ Ignored NGT Order (2020): Earlier directed to declare Saranda an eco-sensitive zone due to rampant illegal mining.
✅ Ecological Concern: Home to elephants, antelopes, and sloth bears; facing severe deforestation and mining damage.
✅ Mining Impact: 26% of area under leases for iron and manganese ores.
✅ Tribal Rights: SC assured protection under FRA 2006 and PESA 1996; livelihoods won’t be criminalized.
✅ Core Conflict: Balancing mining revenue vs. ecological conservation in a tribal-dominated region.
💬 Mains Question:
How can India reconcile the conflict between ecological conservation and economic development in mineral-rich tribal areas like Saranda?
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
❤3
Forwarded from CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
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🔆 A Path for a Battered Himachal Pradesh
📍 Context:
The Supreme Court’s recent remarks on Himachal Pradesh’s fragile environment highlighted the State’s governance failures in balancing development with ecology, especially after recurrent floods and landslides.
📍 Key Issues:
✅ Unregulated Development: Widespread construction in the Shimla Planning Area and along river basins (Beas, Ravi, Yamuna, Chenab) has worsened disasters.
✅ Ignored Ecological Warnings: The Court noted the State’s negligence in following environmental impact assessments (EIA) and cumulative risk studies for hydropower, roads, and tourism.
✅ Revenue vs Ecology: The State prioritized revenue over ecological stability, violating the spirit of sustainable and risk-informed planning.
✅ Judicial Push: SC mandated stricter regulation of construction, slope management, and adherence to National Highway guidelines for eco-sensitive zones.
📍 Way Forward:
✅ Strengthen environmental governance through real-time data, impact-based decision-making, and institutional accountability.
✅ Conduct cumulative impact assessments before approving hydropower or highway projects.
✅ Prioritize nature-based solutions — afforestation, eco-friendly infrastructure, and slope stabilization.
✅ Institutionalize risk-informed development, balancing local livelihoods with long-term resilience.
📍 Mains Question:
“Critically examine the challenges of balancing development and environmental sustainability in Himalayan states like Himachal Pradesh. Suggest a governance model for risk-informed development.”
#environment
📍 Context:
The Supreme Court’s recent remarks on Himachal Pradesh’s fragile environment highlighted the State’s governance failures in balancing development with ecology, especially after recurrent floods and landslides.
📍 Key Issues:
✅ Unregulated Development: Widespread construction in the Shimla Planning Area and along river basins (Beas, Ravi, Yamuna, Chenab) has worsened disasters.
✅ Ignored Ecological Warnings: The Court noted the State’s negligence in following environmental impact assessments (EIA) and cumulative risk studies for hydropower, roads, and tourism.
✅ Revenue vs Ecology: The State prioritized revenue over ecological stability, violating the spirit of sustainable and risk-informed planning.
✅ Judicial Push: SC mandated stricter regulation of construction, slope management, and adherence to National Highway guidelines for eco-sensitive zones.
📍 Way Forward:
✅ Strengthen environmental governance through real-time data, impact-based decision-making, and institutional accountability.
✅ Conduct cumulative impact assessments before approving hydropower or highway projects.
✅ Prioritize nature-based solutions — afforestation, eco-friendly infrastructure, and slope stabilization.
✅ Institutionalize risk-informed development, balancing local livelihoods with long-term resilience.
📍 Mains Question:
“Critically examine the challenges of balancing development and environmental sustainability in Himalayan states like Himachal Pradesh. Suggest a governance model for risk-informed development.”
#environment
❤2
🔆 Unreliable Air and Noise Data: Real-Time Deception
📍 Key Idea:
India’s environmental monitoring systems — from Delhi’s Real-Time Air Pollution Network to Lucknow’s Noise Monitoring Network — suffer from scientific and governance lapses.
Audits reveal sensors placed in sheltered or low-pollution zones, outdated instruments, and data manipulation that understates real pollution levels. Such flawed monitoring undermines public trust, global commitments (like the Paris Agreement), and people’s right to clean air.
Misleading “moderate” readings mask hazardous exposure to PM₂.₅ and NO₂ — pollutants proven to reduce life expectancy by up to 8 years in Delhi. Experts call for third-party audits, transparent datasets, and science-led calibration standards.
Without credible, independently verified data, India’s real-time air networks risk becoming real-time deceptions.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ Discuss the implications of unreliable environmental data on public policy and governance in India. Suggest reforms to strengthen monitoring transparency.
#environment
📍 Key Idea:
India’s environmental monitoring systems — from Delhi’s Real-Time Air Pollution Network to Lucknow’s Noise Monitoring Network — suffer from scientific and governance lapses.
Audits reveal sensors placed in sheltered or low-pollution zones, outdated instruments, and data manipulation that understates real pollution levels. Such flawed monitoring undermines public trust, global commitments (like the Paris Agreement), and people’s right to clean air.
Misleading “moderate” readings mask hazardous exposure to PM₂.₅ and NO₂ — pollutants proven to reduce life expectancy by up to 8 years in Delhi. Experts call for third-party audits, transparent datasets, and science-led calibration standards.
Without credible, independently verified data, India’s real-time air networks risk becoming real-time deceptions.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ Discuss the implications of unreliable environmental data on public policy and governance in India. Suggest reforms to strengthen monitoring transparency.
#environment
❤3
🔆 The Science Behind Green Crackers — Cleaner, Not Clean
📍 Key Idea:
Developed by CSIR–NEERI, green crackers use alternative oxidizers and metal suppressants to reduce emissions of PM2.5, SO₂, and NOx by about 30–40% compared to traditional fireworks.
However, research shows they still release toxic metals (like Al, Ba, Sr) and ultrafine particles that harm air quality and health.
India remains one of the few countries with a formal program for eco-friendly fireworks, yet experts stress these are only a transitional measure, not a permanent solution.
The ultimate goal lies in sustainable celebrations balancing tradition, health, and climate responsibility.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ Evaluate the environmental and health implications of “green crackers.” Can technological innovation alone ensure sustainable festive practices?
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
📍 Key Idea:
Developed by CSIR–NEERI, green crackers use alternative oxidizers and metal suppressants to reduce emissions of PM2.5, SO₂, and NOx by about 30–40% compared to traditional fireworks.
However, research shows they still release toxic metals (like Al, Ba, Sr) and ultrafine particles that harm air quality and health.
India remains one of the few countries with a formal program for eco-friendly fireworks, yet experts stress these are only a transitional measure, not a permanent solution.
The ultimate goal lies in sustainable celebrations balancing tradition, health, and climate responsibility.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ Evaluate the environmental and health implications of “green crackers.” Can technological innovation alone ensure sustainable festive practices?
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
🔆 On Air, Connect the Dots
📍 Key Idea:
Delhi’s slightly cleaner air this Diwali was due to timely monsoon withdrawal, warmer surface temperatures, and delayed stubble burning caused by floods in Punjab and Haryana.
However, this respite is temporary — a looming La Niña phase could extend winter, increase stagnation of air, and worsen pollution buildup.
The article stresses that episodic fixes like post-festival bans or short-term weather advantages cannot ensure clean air. What’s needed is a long-term, city-specific Air Quality Framework with systemic, all-year interventions on transport, stubble management, and emission control.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ Discuss the role of climatic patterns such as El nino and La Niña in influencing air quality in North India. How can long-term mitigation frameworks address seasonal pollution spikes?
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
📍 Key Idea:
Delhi’s slightly cleaner air this Diwali was due to timely monsoon withdrawal, warmer surface temperatures, and delayed stubble burning caused by floods in Punjab and Haryana.
However, this respite is temporary — a looming La Niña phase could extend winter, increase stagnation of air, and worsen pollution buildup.
The article stresses that episodic fixes like post-festival bans or short-term weather advantages cannot ensure clean air. What’s needed is a long-term, city-specific Air Quality Framework with systemic, all-year interventions on transport, stubble management, and emission control.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ Discuss the role of climatic patterns such as El nino and La Niña in influencing air quality in North India. How can long-term mitigation frameworks address seasonal pollution spikes?
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
Press Release_Press Information Bureau (17).pdf
103 KB
🔆 India’s Renewable Energy Transition: From Speed to System Strength
📍 Context:
India’s renewable journey is moving from rapid expansion to systemic integration, focusing on reliability, grid strength, and financial stability under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
📍 Key Facts:
✅ India’s RE capacity grew 5× — from 35 GW (2014) to 197 GW (2025) (excluding large hydro).
✅ Target: 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030.
✅ Focus shift: From quantity → quality, emphasizing grid integration, hybrid systems, and energy storage.
✅ Transmission Plan: ₹2.4 lakh crore for 500 GW grid connectivity, unlocking 200 GW new RE capacity.
✅ Virtual PPAs, Green Energy Corridors, Battery Storage, Offshore Wind, PM Suryaghar, PM-KUSUM, and National Green Hydrogen Mission — all form key pillars of the new phase.
📍 Significance:
India is entering a resilient and dispatchable RE phase, strengthening its global leadership while ensuring sustainable and balanced growth for Viksit Bharat @ 2047.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ “Discuss how India’s renewable energy transition is shifting from capacity expansion to system integration. What challenges does this phase present?”
#environment
📍 Context:
India’s renewable journey is moving from rapid expansion to systemic integration, focusing on reliability, grid strength, and financial stability under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
📍 Key Facts:
✅ India’s RE capacity grew 5× — from 35 GW (2014) to 197 GW (2025) (excluding large hydro).
✅ Target: 500 GW of non-fossil capacity by 2030.
✅ Focus shift: From quantity → quality, emphasizing grid integration, hybrid systems, and energy storage.
✅ Transmission Plan: ₹2.4 lakh crore for 500 GW grid connectivity, unlocking 200 GW new RE capacity.
✅ Virtual PPAs, Green Energy Corridors, Battery Storage, Offshore Wind, PM Suryaghar, PM-KUSUM, and National Green Hydrogen Mission — all form key pillars of the new phase.
📍 Significance:
India is entering a resilient and dispatchable RE phase, strengthening its global leadership while ensuring sustainable and balanced growth for Viksit Bharat @ 2047.
📍 Mains Question:
➡️ “Discuss how India’s renewable energy transition is shifting from capacity expansion to system integration. What challenges does this phase present?”
#environment
❤1
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🔆 IUCN Red Flags the Western Ghats
✅ IUCN’s World Heritage Outlook 4 lists the Western Ghats, Manas, and Sundarbans as sites of “significant concern” due to:
• Climate change 🌡️
• Tourism pressure 🏕️
• Invasive alien species 🌱
• Roads & hydropower projects 🚧
✅ The Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot with 30% of India’s plant and animal species, face threats from deforestation, waste disposal, and encroachment.
✅ Sundarbans face salinity, pollution, and sea-level rise, reducing mangrove cover.
💬 Mains Q:
Highlight the major environmental threats to the Western Ghats and discuss the significance of IUCN’s World Heritage Outlook for India’s conservation efforts.
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
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✅ IUCN’s World Heritage Outlook 4 lists the Western Ghats, Manas, and Sundarbans as sites of “significant concern” due to:
• Climate change 🌡️
• Tourism pressure 🏕️
• Invasive alien species 🌱
• Roads & hydropower projects 🚧
✅ The Ghats, a biodiversity hotspot with 30% of India’s plant and animal species, face threats from deforestation, waste disposal, and encroachment.
✅ Sundarbans face salinity, pollution, and sea-level rise, reducing mangrove cover.
💬 Mains Q:
Highlight the major environmental threats to the Western Ghats and discuss the significance of IUCN’s World Heritage Outlook for India’s conservation efforts.
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
❤1
🔆 Green Crackers & Pollution Control
✅ Developed by CSIR–NEERI (2018), green crackers aim to cut particulate emissions by 30–40% using chemical substitutes like barium nitrate alternatives and water-triggered additives.
✅ Types include flower pots, sparklers, and bombs, re-engineered to emit fewer pollutants (PM10 & PM2.5).
✅ However, real-world data shows limited improvement — festive pollution spikes persist due to large-scale usage, enforcement issues, and meteorological trapping of pollutants.
✅ Experts prefer the term “Reduced Emission Fireworks” instead of “green crackers” to avoid misleading eco-labels.
💬 Mains Q:
Critically examine whether technological interventions like green crackers can address India’s festive air pollution problem.
#Environment
✅ Developed by CSIR–NEERI (2018), green crackers aim to cut particulate emissions by 30–40% using chemical substitutes like barium nitrate alternatives and water-triggered additives.
✅ Types include flower pots, sparklers, and bombs, re-engineered to emit fewer pollutants (PM10 & PM2.5).
✅ However, real-world data shows limited improvement — festive pollution spikes persist due to large-scale usage, enforcement issues, and meteorological trapping of pollutants.
✅ Experts prefer the term “Reduced Emission Fireworks” instead of “green crackers” to avoid misleading eco-labels.
💬 Mains Q:
Critically examine whether technological interventions like green crackers can address India’s festive air pollution problem.
#Environment
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🔆 Delhi’s Cloud Seeding Debate
📍 Context & Problem
✅ Delhi plans cloud seeding to fight air pollution—a short-term, unreliable fix.
✅ Pollution worsens in post-monsoon/winter due to vehicles, industries, stubble burning, low winds.
📍 Cloud Seeding
✅ Sprays chemicals into clouds to trigger rain. Works only if clouds exist; effects are temporary.
✅ Risks: soil/water impact, agriculture harm, and doesn’t reduce core emissions.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Focus on clean transport, industrial control, waste & crop management.
📍 UPSC Mains Q
✅ “Evaluate cloud seeding as a solution for Delhi’s air pollution. Suggest sustainable alternatives.”
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
📍 Context & Problem
✅ Delhi plans cloud seeding to fight air pollution—a short-term, unreliable fix.
✅ Pollution worsens in post-monsoon/winter due to vehicles, industries, stubble burning, low winds.
📍 Cloud Seeding
✅ Sprays chemicals into clouds to trigger rain. Works only if clouds exist; effects are temporary.
✅ Risks: soil/water impact, agriculture harm, and doesn’t reduce core emissions.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Focus on clean transport, industrial control, waste & crop management.
📍 UPSC Mains Q
✅ “Evaluate cloud seeding as a solution for Delhi’s air pollution. Suggest sustainable alternatives.”
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
❤1
🔆 India & COP30 Climate Leadership
📍 Context
✅ India may lead at COP30 amid U.S. & EU retreat, focusing on practical climate solutions.
📍 Commitments & Strengths
✅ 50% non-fossil electricity by 2030, net-zero by 2070.
✅ Credible progress in solar, green hydrogen, ISA & CDRI.
📍 Challenges
✅ Fossil-fuel dependence, industrial transition, climate finance gaps.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Promote tech transfer, green finance, South–South cooperation, and climate-resilient infrastructure.
📍 UPSC Q
✅ “Discuss India’s opportunities and challenges in global climate leadership at COP30.”
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
📍 Context
✅ India may lead at COP30 amid U.S. & EU retreat, focusing on practical climate solutions.
📍 Commitments & Strengths
✅ 50% non-fossil electricity by 2030, net-zero by 2070.
✅ Credible progress in solar, green hydrogen, ISA & CDRI.
📍 Challenges
✅ Fossil-fuel dependence, industrial transition, climate finance gaps.
📍 Way Forward
✅ Promote tech transfer, green finance, South–South cooperation, and climate-resilient infrastructure.
📍 UPSC Q
✅ “Discuss India’s opportunities and challenges in global climate leadership at COP30.”
#GS3 #prelims #environment
Join https://www.tg-me.com/PIB_UPSC
https://www.tg-me.com/Upsc_4_environment
❤1
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