▶️Different Types of Hydrogen

Hydrogen is categorized by its production method and environmental impact, often color-coded:

1. Green Hydrogen
- Produced via electrolysis of water using renewable energy (solar, wind, hydro).
- Zero CO₂ emissions during production.

2. Blue Hydrogen
- Made from natural gas (methane) via steam reforming, but with carbon capture and storage (CCS) to reduce emissions.
- Low-carbon, but not fully emission-free.

3. Grey Hydrogen
- Produced from natural gas (steam methane reforming) without carbon capture.
- High CO₂ emissions (most common today).

4. Black/Brown Hydrogen
- Made from coal gasification.
- Highly polluting (common in coal-rich countries).

5. Pink/Purple Hydrogen
- Produced via electrolysis powered by nuclear energy.
- Low-carbon but controversial due to nuclear waste.

6. Turquoise Hydrogen
- Made via methane pyrolysis, splitting methane into hydrogen and solid carbon (no CO₂ emissions if powered by renewables).
- Still in experimental stages.

7. White (Natural) Hydrogen
- Naturally occurring hydrogen found in geological formations.
- Potentially the cleanest if extracted without environmental harm.

This is the Time to Believe in Yourself and Give Your Final Best Push!

Every successful candidate has had a moment when they wanted to quit – but they didn’t. That made all the difference.

✅ All the effort you’ve put in so far will not go to waste.
✅ These last days can change everything – all you need is focus, consistency, and self-belief.
✅ Instead of doubting yourself, promise to give your best each day.

Set daily targets. Prioritize revision. Give tests. Learn from mistakes and improve.
Whenever you feel tired, remind yourself why you started this journey.

All the best – we truly believe in your hard work! 💪

Order of precedence.

UPSC may ask questions on this also.

As last year UPSC asked question on Army, Navy and Airforce hierarchy.

#upsc

🚨 Justice SERVED — Operation Sindoor 🇮🇳

🛡️ Understanding Key Terms in Internal Security & Insurgency 🇮🇳

📌 OGWs (Over Ground Workers)
➤ Non-combatants aiding militants through logistics, shelter, money & intel. The silent backbone of insurgencies.

📌 Hybrid Militants
➤ Civilians by day, attackers by night. Trained but not permanently associated with militant camps — hard to detect.

📌 Narcoterrorism
➤ Terror funded by drugs. A deadly nexus between narcotics trade and terrorism — thriving in porous border regions.

📌 Proxy War
➤ Indirect conflict via non-state actors. E.g., India-Pakistan tensions often feature this mode of warfare.

📌 Asymmetrical Warfare
➤ Weak vs. strong using unconventional tactics like terror, insurgency, guerrilla warfare.

📌 State Sponsors of Terrorism
➤ Nations backing terrorism via money, training, or safe havens. A major global concern.

📌 Hinterland
➤ Internal areas beyond the border where sleeper cells or OGWs may plan, hide, or regroup.

📌 Combing Operation
➤ Intense area-wise search by forces to flush out militants, seize weapons, or dismantle camps.

📌 Loitering Munitions
➤ Kamikaze drones that circle & strike when target spotted — modern warfare in action.

📌 Indus Waters Treaty (IWT)
➤ Water-sharing pact between India & Pakistan. Security tensions have revived talks of its review as a diplomatic tool.

Simple tool to revise Prelims PYQs

Download now -
https://saval.ai/link?s=telegram&m=Ga1&c=4&t=playstore

Few tips for upcoming UPSC CSE Prelims

1) Revise daily
2) Limit your resources
3) Focus on static part
4) Current affairs will never end. So, focus on important areas only
5) PYQs are more important than any coaching material
5) Don't ignore CSAT

Good night

Reports

Important for Prelims

#Prelims Notes 👉
Important Inscriptions

विनाश काले विपरीत बुद्धि. Pakistan is treading a dangerous path. We all Indians stand resolute and united against this folly. Jai Hind! 🇮🇳

Parliamentary Committees
Short Notes

Relationship between critical minerals and rare earth elements 👉

Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are a subset of Critical Minerals. All REEs are critical, but not all critical minerals are REEs.