🛡️ Understanding Key Terms in Internal Security & Insurgency 🇮🇳

📌 OGWs (Over Ground Workers)
➤ Non-combatants aiding militants through logistics, shelter, money & intel. The silent backbone of insurgencies.

📌 Hybrid Militants
➤ Civilians by day, attackers by night. Trained but not permanently associated with militant camps — hard to detect.

📌 Narcoterrorism
➤ Terror funded by drugs. A deadly nexus between narcotics trade and terrorism — thriving in porous border regions.

📌 Proxy War
➤ Indirect conflict via non-state actors. E.g., India-Pakistan tensions often feature this mode of warfare.

📌 Asymmetrical Warfare
➤ Weak vs. strong using unconventional tactics like terror, insurgency, guerrilla warfare.

📌 State Sponsors of Terrorism
➤ Nations backing terrorism via money, training, or safe havens. A major global concern.

📌 Hinterland
➤ Internal areas beyond the border where sleeper cells or OGWs may plan, hide, or regroup.

📌 Combing Operation
➤ Intense area-wise search by forces to flush out militants, seize weapons, or dismantle camps.

📌 Loitering Munitions
➤ Kamikaze drones that circle & strike when target spotted — modern warfare in action.

📌 Indus Waters Treaty (IWT)
➤ Water-sharing pact between India & Pakistan. Security tensions have revived talks of its review as a diplomatic tool.

Simple tool to revise Prelims PYQs

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Few tips for upcoming UPSC CSE Prelims

1) Revise daily
2) Limit your resources
3) Focus on static part
4) Current affairs will never end. So, focus on important areas only
5) PYQs are more important than any coaching material
5) Don't ignore CSAT

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Reports

Important for Prelims

#Prelims Notes 👉
Important Inscriptions

विनाश काले विपरीत बुद्धि. Pakistan is treading a dangerous path. We all Indians stand resolute and united against this folly. Jai Hind! 🇮🇳

Parliamentary Committees
Short Notes

IMF - related terms

💰 IMF Lending Facilities

1) Extended Fund Facility (EFF) – Long-term lending for structural reforms.

2) Stand-By Arrangement (SBA) – Short-term assistance for balance of payments crises.

3) Rapid Financing Instrument (RFI) – Quick assistance without major conditionality for urgent needs.

4) Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust (PRGT) – Concessional loans for low-income countries.

5) Rapid Credit Facility (RCF) – Quick concessional financial support for low-income countries.

6) Flexible Credit Line (FCL) – Precautionary credit for countries with strong fundamentals.

7) Precautionary and Liquidity Line (PLL) – Credit line for countries with sound policies but moderate vulnerabilities.

8) Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF) – Newly created to help countries tackle climate and pandemic risks.

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📝 IMF Policy & Monitoring Tools

1) Article IV Consultations – Annual surveillance of member countries’ economies.

2) Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) – International reserve asset allocated to member countries.

3) Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) – Evaluation of financial stability and development.

4) Technical Assistance and Capacity Development – Support for building effective institutions and policies.

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🌍 IMF Governance & Operations

1) Quota System – Determines a country’s financial contribution and voting power.

2) Board of Governors – Highest decision-making body of the IMF.

3) Executive Board – Handles day-to-day operations and policy implementation.

4) IMF Conditionality – Economic policy adjustments required for access to IMF financing.

Relationship between critical minerals and rare earth elements 👉

Rare Earth Elements (REEs) are a subset of Critical Minerals. All REEs are critical, but not all critical minerals are REEs.

India, Pak Have Agreed To Stop All Military Action On Land, Sea And Air From 5 pm

To everyone in the affected areas, please stay safe and remain strong.

👉 Keep studying, everyone!

Rules till Prelims 2025

- Do not read anything new

- Revise - Revise - Revise

- Do not solve any mock tests now.

- Solve PYQs

- Practice daily 15-20 CSAT Questions

- Stay away from negative people