Let's take this opportunity to express our gratitude and appreciation to all the teachers who have made a positive impact on our lives.
Happy Teachers' Day! 💐💐💐

1) Define secularism in the Indian context. How does it differ from Western secularism? (150 words, 10 marks)
2) Examine the potential and challenges of renewable energy resources in India. (250 words, 15 marks)

Submit your answers here - https://supersimplified.in

How To Submit Answer For Free Evaluation - https://www.tg-me.com/upscsupersimplified/11933

1) Discuss the role of global media, technology, and migration in accelerating social change in India. (150 words, 10 marks)
2) Examine the impact of climate change on monsoon patterns and water resources in India. (250 words, 15 marks)

Submit your answers here - https://supersimplified.in

How To Submit Answer For Free Evaluation - https://www.tg-me.com/upscsupersimplified/11933

Lunar-related Terms

👉Blood Moon – A total lunar eclipse when the Moon appears red due to Earth’s atmosphere scattering sunlight.

👉Blue Moon – Traditionally, the second full moon in a calendar month (rare).

👉Supermoon – When a full moon coincides with the Moon’s closest approach (perigee), appearing larger and brighter.

👉Micro Moon – When a full moon occurs at the Moon’s farthest distance (apogee), appearing smaller.

👉Harvest Moon – The full moon nearest to the autumn equinox, often rising earlier and brighter.

👉Hunter’s Moon – The full moon following the Harvest Moon, traditionally aiding hunters.

👉Wolf Moon – The first full moon of January, named in folklore.

👉Strawberry Moon – The June full moon, linked to the strawberry harvest.

👉Pink Moon – The April full moon, named after pink wildflowers (phlox).

👉Snow Moon – The February full moon, when snow is heaviest in the Northern Hemisphere.

What is Enteromix?

Russia’s Enteromix — a personalized mRNA cancer vaccine — shows 100% efficacy & safety in trials.
Built on tech like COVID-19 vaccines, it trains the immune system to destroy cancer cells ⚡ with no serious side effects.

#Science

What is Jarosite? 🧪
A yellowish-brown mineral made of potassium, iron, sulfate & water.
🪐 First found on Mars by NASA’s Opportunity rover.
Now discovered in Kutch, India, jarosite offers Earth-based insight into Martian geology.

#Science

If anyone is appearing for OAS interview, kindly message me @dr_gjsontake.

These three books are a great choice if you have time for some worthwhile reading -

👉 https://amzn.to/4m4POTM
👉 https://amzn.to/46bQkti
👉 https://amzn.to/4m5VRaY

Svādhyāya update -
All pending notes will be posted by evening

🔐 What is HMAC?

HMAC = Hash-based Message Authentication Code
👉 It’s a cryptographic technique that combines a secret key + a hash function (like SHA-256) to secure messages.

📌 How it works?
- Message + secret key → run through hashing.
- HMAC output is sent with the message.
- Receiver (who has the same secret key) hashes again.
If outputs match → message is authentic & safe ✅

⚡ Why it’s important?
- Ensures data hasn’t been tampered with.
- Very hard to break without the secret key.
- Widely used in 2FA / TOTP authentication systems.

🔑 In simple words → HMAC is like putting a secret seal 🔏 on a message.

#prelims #science

📢 UPDATE ON Svādhyāya

Dear Aspirants,

The notes will take a few more days to be uploaded. We are currently posting all notes on our new website and also integrating free AI evaluation on the same platform. This is taking a little extra time, but rest assured, the work is in progress.

✅ Meanwhile, all those who have been following Svādhyāya can revise previous notes and attempt the available tests to stay consistent with preparation.

Thank you for your patience and continued trust.
— Team SuperSimplified

Mnemonic to remember functions of the Vice President of India:

Mnemonic – “CAPI” (like Copy)

C → Chairman of Rajya Sabha

Vice President is the ex-officio Chairman, conducts debates, ensures order, and has a casting vote in case of a tie.

A → Acts as President

When the President’s office is vacant (death, resignation, removal, absence), the Vice President functions as Acting President.

P → Presides over Impeachment process

Since Rajya Sabha can initiate impeachment of the President, the Vice President (as Chairman) presides over those proceedings.

I → In-charge of other constitutional duties

Performs additional tasks like representing India in events, attending functions, or other duties assigned by the Constitution.

Vultures and Public Health

- Vultures act as public health guardians by swiftly removing animal carcasses.
- This prevents the spread of pathogens like anthrax, Clostridium botulinum, and rabies.
- They reduce the risk of zoonotic spillover, which can trigger pandemics.

Decline of Vultures in India

- In the 1980s, India had over 40 million vultures.
- Since the 1990s, populations have declined by more than 95% due to diclofenac use.
- This is not just ecological but also a public health crisis, as biodiversity decline increases pandemic risks.

#Environment #Prelims

We are planning to start in-depth DAF analysis for UPSC Mains 2025 aspirants.

Interested candidates can DM me at @dr_gjsontake

3 best sources for UPSC Prelims Science & Tech -
1) The Hindu
2) Indian Express
3) PIB

Simple but effective

Learn this Order of Travellers who visited India
1. Megasthenes – Ambassador of Seleucus Nikator in Chandragupta Maurya’s court (4th century BCE)
2. Fa-Hien (Faxian) – Chinese monk, visited during Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya), Gupta period (early 5th century CE)
3. Hiuen-Tsang (Xuanzang) – Chinese scholar, visited during Harshavardhana’s reign (7th century CE)
4. I-Tsing (Yijing) – Chinese Buddhist traveller, Nalanda connection (7th century CE)
5. Al-Biruni – Persian scholar, came with Mahmud of Ghazni, wrote Tahqiq-i-Hind (11th century CE)
6. Marco Polo – Venetian traveller, visited during Yadava dynasty in South India (late 13th century CE)
7. Ibn Battuta – Moroccan traveller, visited during Muhammad bin Tughlaq’s reign (14th century CE)
8. Niccolò de’ Conti – Italian traveller, visited Vijayanagara Empire (15th century CE)
9. Abdur Razzaq – Persian envoy, visited Vijayanagara under Deva Raya II (15th century CE)
10. Domingo Paes – Portuguese traveller, visited Vijayanagara during Krishnadeva Raya (early 16th century CE)
11. Fernao Nuniz – Portuguese traveller, also wrote about Vijayanagara (16th century CE)
12. Sir Thomas Roe – English ambassador to Jahangir’s court (17th century CE)
13. François Bernier – French physician & traveller, visited during Aurangzeb’s reign (17th century CE)
14. Jean-Baptiste Tavernier – French traveller, described Mughal India (17th century CE)
15. Niccolao Manucci – Italian traveller, served in Mughal court (17th century CE)

Watch now 👉 https://youtube.com/shorts/VYtRjEkrQdM?si=DQ_encg8kRgVCf85