My notes on agriculture sector.
It will be useful for your gs 3 topics
It will be useful for your gs 3 topics
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Article on elderly people facing challenges while using digital devices.
Important for society (GS1)
And even useful for sociology also
Important for society (GS1)
And even useful for sociology also
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🎯 Challenge a friend to a Duel - score more to win, learn while you're at it!
&
🏆 Join weekly Tournaments - climb the leaderboard, earn bragging rights.
Download Saval AI app: https://saval.ai/link?s=telegram&m=kun1&c=2&t=playstore
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🏆 Join weekly Tournaments - climb the leaderboard, earn bragging rights.
Download Saval AI app: https://saval.ai/link?s=telegram&m=kun1&c=2&t=playstore
🔥2
नमस्कार मित्र आणि मैत्रिणींनो हे चॅनेल राज्यसेवा परिक्षेकरीता बनविले आहे.
https://www.tg-me.com/mpscwithkunal
https://www.tg-me.com/mpscwithkunal
Telegram
UPSC & MPSC Preparation with Kunal
नमस्कार मित्र आणि मैत्रिणींनो हे चॅनेल राज्यसेवा परिक्षेकरीता बनविले आहे.
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Those who are from Maharashtra and preparing for mpsc can join this channel.
Content here will be in marathi language
Content here will be in marathi language
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MSME Sector in India
---
📌 1. Definition (As per MSME Development Act, 2006, revised in 2020):
Category Investment in Plant & Machinery Annual Turnover
Micro Up to ₹1 crore Up to ₹5 crore
Small Up to ₹10 crore Up to ₹50 crore
Medium Up to ₹50 crore Up to ₹250 crore
---
📊 2. Importance of MSME Sector
Employment Generation: Second largest employer after agriculture (~11 crore jobs).
GDP Contribution: ~30% of India’s GDP.
Exports: ~48% of total exports.
Inclusiveness: Large participation of women, SC/ST, and rural entrepreneurs.
Balanced Regional Development: Helps in reducing urban-rural divide.
---
🚧 3. Challenges Faced by MSMEs
Access to Finance: Limited institutional credit (~15% only have formal credit access).
Delayed Payments: From large corporates and government bodies.
Technology Gap: Low digitization and tech adoption.
Skilled Manpower Shortage: Lack of technical and managerial skills.
Compliance Burden: Complex laws and regulations.
Informality: A large number of MSMEs operate outside the formal economy.
---
🏛️ 4. Government Initiatives for MSMEs
Udyam Registration: Simplified online registration.
Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS): Announced during COVID-19.
Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE): Collateral-free loans.
PMEGP (Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme): Credit-linked subsidy for entrepreneurs.
SAMADHAN Portal: For addressing delayed payments.
CHAMPIONS Portal: Grievance redressal and support.
RAMP Scheme (Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance): World Bank-supported initiative.
TReDS Platform: Online bill discounting system for MSMEs.
---
🌐 5. Role in Atmanirbhar Bharat
MSMEs are central to:
Local to Global vision
Self-reliance in manufacturing
Reducing imports
Incentivizing Make in India & digital transformation.
---
📈 6. Way Forward / Reforms Needed
Credit Access: Expand formal credit and NBFC involvement.
Skill Development: MSME-specific skilling programs.
Digital Empowerment: Encourage e-commerce and digital payments.
Ease of Doing Business: Simplify compliance and tax norms.
Cluster Development: Shared infrastructure and innovation hubs.
Market Access: Strengthen procurement via GeM & international trade linkages.
---
📝 7. Relevant Data for Mains/Essay
India has over 6.3 crore MSMEs (as per FY 2023 estimates).
Only ~15% have access to formal finance.
75% MSMEs are in services and trading sectors.
Major contributors to inclusive growth and innovation.
---
📌 1. Definition (As per MSME Development Act, 2006, revised in 2020):
Category Investment in Plant & Machinery Annual Turnover
Micro Up to ₹1 crore Up to ₹5 crore
Small Up to ₹10 crore Up to ₹50 crore
Medium Up to ₹50 crore Up to ₹250 crore
---
📊 2. Importance of MSME Sector
Employment Generation: Second largest employer after agriculture (~11 crore jobs).
GDP Contribution: ~30% of India’s GDP.
Exports: ~48% of total exports.
Inclusiveness: Large participation of women, SC/ST, and rural entrepreneurs.
Balanced Regional Development: Helps in reducing urban-rural divide.
---
🚧 3. Challenges Faced by MSMEs
Access to Finance: Limited institutional credit (~15% only have formal credit access).
Delayed Payments: From large corporates and government bodies.
Technology Gap: Low digitization and tech adoption.
Skilled Manpower Shortage: Lack of technical and managerial skills.
Compliance Burden: Complex laws and regulations.
Informality: A large number of MSMEs operate outside the formal economy.
---
🏛️ 4. Government Initiatives for MSMEs
Udyam Registration: Simplified online registration.
Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS): Announced during COVID-19.
Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE): Collateral-free loans.
PMEGP (Prime Minister’s Employment Generation Programme): Credit-linked subsidy for entrepreneurs.
SAMADHAN Portal: For addressing delayed payments.
CHAMPIONS Portal: Grievance redressal and support.
RAMP Scheme (Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance): World Bank-supported initiative.
TReDS Platform: Online bill discounting system for MSMEs.
---
🌐 5. Role in Atmanirbhar Bharat
MSMEs are central to:
Local to Global vision
Self-reliance in manufacturing
Reducing imports
Incentivizing Make in India & digital transformation.
---
📈 6. Way Forward / Reforms Needed
Credit Access: Expand formal credit and NBFC involvement.
Skill Development: MSME-specific skilling programs.
Digital Empowerment: Encourage e-commerce and digital payments.
Ease of Doing Business: Simplify compliance and tax norms.
Cluster Development: Shared infrastructure and innovation hubs.
Market Access: Strengthen procurement via GeM & international trade linkages.
---
📝 7. Relevant Data for Mains/Essay
India has over 6.3 crore MSMEs (as per FY 2023 estimates).
Only ~15% have access to formal finance.
75% MSMEs are in services and trading sectors.
Major contributors to inclusive growth and innovation.
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Typhoon Wutip strikes China.
Cyclone is an important topic for GS 1 in upsc.
Also UPSC is asking random questions in pre.
The name of typhoon may ask in state pcs also.
#upsc
Cyclone is an important topic for GS 1 in upsc.
Also UPSC is asking random questions in pre.
The name of typhoon may ask in state pcs also.
#upsc
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Belum Caves: A Newly Recognized Geo-Heritage Site
Location: Kolimigundla mandal, Nandyal district.
Recognition: Officially recognized as a Geo-Heritage site by the Geological Survey of India (GSI).
Significance:
Second longest natural underground cave system in the world.
Longest in India.
Marks a significant milestone for preservation and promotion as a historic and geological marvel.
Discovery and Historical Context:
Dating: Historical records indicate presence since 450 BCE, serving as residential spaces.
Initial Discovery: First discovered in 1884 by British geologist Robert Bruce Foote.
Detailed Exploration & Mapping:
Between 1982-1984.
German speleologist HD Gebauer and his team.
Explored ~3,225 meters.
Produced a detailed map.
Protected Site: Declared protected by the archaeology department of Andhra Pradesh in 1988 due to historical value.
Tourism Development:
Brought under the jurisdiction of the tourism department in 1999.
Under the leadership of then united Andhra Pradesh CM N Chandrababu Naidu.
Aimed to develop as a tourist destination.
Cave Features and Formations:
Area: Extends through 23 acres of land.
Structure: Complex network of tunnels and chambers.
Depth: Begins ~10 meters below ground, continues to depths of up to 30 meters.
Entry: Visitors descend 40 steps.
Characteristics: Narrow passageways, vast chambers, spectacular natural formations (stalactites and stalagmites).
Named Formations: "Thousand Hoods," "Kotilingalu," "Airavatham," "Meditation Hall," "Mayamandiram."
Unique Aspects of the Caves:
"Patalaganga": An underground water spring at the far end of the caves.
Shiva Lingam: Naturally formed Shiva Lingam embedded in rock, enhancing spiritual importance.
Consistent Temperature: Maintains a consistent internal temperature of 33°C throughout the year with high humidity.
Hydrological Connection:
Researchers believe a connection exists between the cave's underground water and a stone well near a local temple in a nearby village.
Water table of the Penna River (30 km away near Tadipatri) appears to influence the caves' water flow.
Development and Tourism Impact (Since 1999):
Initiated by: A P tourism department.
Project Scope: Large-scale development project to enhance accessibility and appeal.
Improvements:
1.5 km walking path cleared and constructed using gravel.
Over 150 electric lamps installed for illumination.
Air blowers added to regulate air circulation.
Tourism Success:
Transformed into a significant tourist attraction.
Draws >2 lakh visitors annually, including hundreds of foreign tourists.
Generates ~₹1.5 crore in annual revenue for the tourism department.
Recent Event: "Yogandra" special event organized on Friday (following GSI designation), featuring mass yoga sessions with officials and public participation.
Future Plans and Ministerial Views:
Publicity Plans: Nandyal district tourism officer Satyanarayana emphasizes initiatives to expand outreach and attract more national and international tourists.
Minister's Delight: Tourism minister Kandula Durgesh expressed delight over GSI's recognition, highlighting the caves' historical, geological, and cultural significance.
Location: Kolimigundla mandal, Nandyal district.
Recognition: Officially recognized as a Geo-Heritage site by the Geological Survey of India (GSI).
Significance:
Second longest natural underground cave system in the world.
Longest in India.
Marks a significant milestone for preservation and promotion as a historic and geological marvel.
Discovery and Historical Context:
Dating: Historical records indicate presence since 450 BCE, serving as residential spaces.
Initial Discovery: First discovered in 1884 by British geologist Robert Bruce Foote.
Detailed Exploration & Mapping:
Between 1982-1984.
German speleologist HD Gebauer and his team.
Explored ~3,225 meters.
Produced a detailed map.
Protected Site: Declared protected by the archaeology department of Andhra Pradesh in 1988 due to historical value.
Tourism Development:
Brought under the jurisdiction of the tourism department in 1999.
Under the leadership of then united Andhra Pradesh CM N Chandrababu Naidu.
Aimed to develop as a tourist destination.
Cave Features and Formations:
Area: Extends through 23 acres of land.
Structure: Complex network of tunnels and chambers.
Depth: Begins ~10 meters below ground, continues to depths of up to 30 meters.
Entry: Visitors descend 40 steps.
Characteristics: Narrow passageways, vast chambers, spectacular natural formations (stalactites and stalagmites).
Named Formations: "Thousand Hoods," "Kotilingalu," "Airavatham," "Meditation Hall," "Mayamandiram."
Unique Aspects of the Caves:
"Patalaganga": An underground water spring at the far end of the caves.
Shiva Lingam: Naturally formed Shiva Lingam embedded in rock, enhancing spiritual importance.
Consistent Temperature: Maintains a consistent internal temperature of 33°C throughout the year with high humidity.
Hydrological Connection:
Researchers believe a connection exists between the cave's underground water and a stone well near a local temple in a nearby village.
Water table of the Penna River (30 km away near Tadipatri) appears to influence the caves' water flow.
Development and Tourism Impact (Since 1999):
Initiated by: A P tourism department.
Project Scope: Large-scale development project to enhance accessibility and appeal.
Improvements:
1.5 km walking path cleared and constructed using gravel.
Over 150 electric lamps installed for illumination.
Air blowers added to regulate air circulation.
Tourism Success:
Transformed into a significant tourist attraction.
Draws >2 lakh visitors annually, including hundreds of foreign tourists.
Generates ~₹1.5 crore in annual revenue for the tourism department.
Recent Event: "Yogandra" special event organized on Friday (following GSI designation), featuring mass yoga sessions with officials and public participation.
Future Plans and Ministerial Views:
Publicity Plans: Nandyal district tourism officer Satyanarayana emphasizes initiatives to expand outreach and attract more national and international tourists.
Minister's Delight: Tourism minister Kandula Durgesh expressed delight over GSI's recognition, highlighting the caves' historical, geological, and cultural significance.
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Practicing answer writing within a stipulated time is more impactful than merely writing a paper for the sake of answer writing.
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Renewable energy is one of the favourite topic of upsc.
This article is on Wind Energy.
Important for gs 1 and gs3
This article is on Wind Energy.
Important for gs 1 and gs3
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