Insightful article in Deepdakes.

Deepfakes and hyper realism is a matter of concern than misinformation.

Important for ethics, gs3, gs2 and even can be quote in Essay also.

Plastic pollution is one of the important topic in GS3.

Read this article on recent UN Ocean Conferencs held at Nice, France where india did not sign plastic treaty by citing economic reasons.

Plastic is important for Indias economy by providing employee to 4 million people and export of $11 billion (2024).
However, almost 33% (3.5 million tonne) of plastic which India produced gets leaked into the environment.
The india has made various rules like Plastic waste management rules, extended producers responsibility etc.

So this article is helpful if question come on plastic related pollution.

#upsc

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The Prakash Singh judgment (Prakash Singh v. Union of India), delivered by the Supreme Court of India in September 2006, issued a set of seven binding directives for police reforms. These aimed to insulate the police from undue political interference and ensure their autonomy and accountability.

Here are the key directives in point form:

State Security Commission (SSC): Establish an SSC in each state to lay down broad policy guidelines for police functioning and evaluate their performance. This body aims to reduce political interference.

DGP Selection and Tenure:
The Director General of Police (DGP) should be selected through a merit-based, transparent process from a panel of senior officers prepared by the Union Public Service Commission (UPSC).
The DGP must be given a minimum tenure of two years, regardless of their superannuation date, to ensure stability and prevent arbitrary transfers.


Minimum Tenure for Other Officers: Provide a minimum tenure of two years for other key operational police officers, including Inspector Generals, Superintendents of Police (SPs), and Station House Officers (SHOs), to prevent frequent, politically motivated transfers.

Separation of Investigation and Law & Order: Separate the police functions of investigation of crimes from maintaining law and order. This aims to improve the quality and impartiality of investigations.


Police Establishment Board (PEB): Constitute a PEB in each state to decide on transfers, postings, promotions, and other service-related matters for police officers of and below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police (DySP). For officers above DySP, the board would make recommendations.

Police Complaints Authority (PCA): Establish Police Complaints Authorities at both state and district levels to inquire into public complaints against police officers for serious misconduct (e.g., custodial death, grievous hurt, rape in police custody).


National Security Commission (NSC): Set up a National Security Commission at the Union level to review the performance of central police organizations and recommend measures to improve them, including preparing panels for the selection and placement of their chiefs with a minimum two-year tenure.

Don't underestimate the power of Consistency.

Very important article on heat wave, heat risk and how it is affecting India.

Very important for GS 1 and GS3 also.

#upsc

Recently it was in news that Israel seeks US' bunker buster to hit Irans nuclear site.

What is Bunker Buster
👇
A bunker buster is a type of specialized bomb or munition designed to penetrate deeply into hardened targets, such as military bunkers, underground facilities, command centers, or nuclear sites, before detonating. Unlike conventional bombs that explode on impact or just below the surface, bunker busters are engineered to bore through layers of earth, rock, and reinforced concrete to reach their intended target deep underground.


The USA is having bunker buster which is also known as The Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP), officially known as GBU-57A/B.

@upscwithkunal

You can quote such examples in topics like NGO or even in ethics

Various central government schemes

Can you tell who are the Stakeholders in the above case study.

Drop your reply to @civilsdream

Israel and Iran war and it's implications on Indias cad, growth and inflation..

Editorial on finance commission.

It can be used in centre state relationship, cooperative federalism, Revenue of central government and debate over the divisible pool of revenue from current 41% to demand of 50%

Key Initiatives and Developments:

Agri-drones:

Garuda Aerospace’s agri-drone indigenisation facility in Chennai will produce over 100,000 drones in two years.
300 Centres of Excellence (CoE) have been inaugurated for drone manufacturing skilling and R&D.
Programs to train SHGs and young people in drone operation and maintenance are creating rural employment and increasing technology penetration.
Drones can cover 10x the area of manual sprayers, reducing pesticide/fertiliser use, water consumption, and farmer exposure to chemicals.
Subsidies under the Sub-Mission on Agricultural Mechanisation offer up to 100% assistance for demonstration drones and 75% for FPOs.
The Drone Didi initiative aims to provide 15,000 drones to women-led SHGs by 2026 for agricultural services.
Domestic drone manufacturing strengthens India's position and allows for tailored drone designs.
Digital Agriculture:

The Digital Agriculture Mission and Agri Stack (a database integrating land records, farmer IDs, and crop data) are digitising Indian agriculture.
Digital tools enhance transparency, improve credit access, and aid in targeting subsidies and insurance schemes.
Pilot projects include digital farmer IDs and geo-tagged crop surveys in 436 districts.
Integration with AI and satellite data will enable crop monitoring, early warning systems, and precision farming recommendations.
Challenges to Overcome:

High costs and poor rural connectivity.
Lack of trained operators.
Inefficient drone usage due to fragmented land parcels without shared infrastructure.
Concerns regarding data privacy and ownership.
Limited familiarity with digital tools among many farmers.
Benefits often skewed towards better-resourced regions/groups.
Future Focus:

Decentralised capacity building and building farmer trust.
Investing in last-mile training.
Ensuring SHGs and FPOs can own and operate drones.
Protecting farmers’ data rights.
Strengthening digital infrastructure in underserved areas.